Optic nerve is composed by the axonal of retinal ganglion cells,there are no Schwann cells around it,and optic nerve belongs to the central nervous,so it cannot regenerate when injuried. In 1985 So and Aguayo have made a success in peripheral nerve retinal transplant,which completely changes the concept that optic nerve injury cannot regenarate. Currently nerve injury recovry has following several methods: use of neurotrophic factor,such as nerve growth factor,ciliary neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor,etc. These factors could promote the regeneration and repair of retinal ganglion cells; treatment of gene correction and gene regulation,by changing the expression of host gene,reduce the effect due to the disease,slow the progress of the disease course or provide protection against the disease; neural stem cell transplantatin and tissue-engineered Schwann cell transplantion. But these treatments are still at the stage of animal experiment,how timely and effctively reduce the apoptosis and increase the survival rate of ganglion cells,even further promote nerve regeneration and recovery,there is still not a perfect method so far.

This study aimed to examine whether ophiopogonin D (OP-D) is capable of protecting cardiomyocytes against DOX-induced injury and the mechanisms involved. H9c2 cells were cultured. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability and toxicity. Mito-tracker as fluorescence probe was used to measure ROS content raised from mitochondria. The mRNA and protein expression of ATF6alpha, GRP78 and CHOP were analyzed using real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that a significant endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was induced upon exposure of H9c2 cells to DOX as indicated by the increase in the expression of ERS related proteins, which was paralleled with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease in the viability of H9c2 cells. Whereas, DOX-induced ROS accumulation and up-regulation of ERS related proteins were partially abolished by pretreatment with OP-D. Consequently, a DOX-induced ERS was mitigated by application of OP-D. Similarly, DOX-induced decrease in cell viability was partially attenuated by either inhibiting CHOP or pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant. Moreover, cardiac ultrastructural abnormalities seen in mouse receiving DOX injections were obviously ameliorated by pretreatment of OP-D. Taken together, the present study proved that OP-D protects cardiomyocytes against DOX-induced injury, at least in part, through reducing ROS accumulation and alleviating ERS.

AIM:To investigate the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and its correlation with proliferative/apoptotic ratio (PAR) in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence under the same genetic background .ME-THODS:Four kinds of tissue samples under the same genetic background from 23 patients, including normal colorectal tissue, adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia , adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and colorectal adenocarcinoma samples , were collected .TUNEL method and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry were applied to determine the PAR.The expression of CHOP was detected by immunohistochemistry SABC method .RESULTS: ( 1 ) Under the same genetic background , the level of CHOP expression is significantly higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma than that in the ade -noma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia , the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal muco-sa.The level of CHOP expression was significantly higher in the adenoma with high -grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa .The level of CHOP expression was signifi-cantly higher in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in normal mucosa .(2) Under the same ge-netic background , PAR was significantly higher in the colorectal adenocarcinoma than that in the adenoma with high -grade intraepithelial neoplasia , the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa .PAR was significant-ly higher in the adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and the normal mucosa .PAR was significantly higher in the adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than that in the normal mucosa.(3) CHOP levels were positively correlated with PAR in the adenoma with low-grade intraepi-thelial neoplasia , adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and colorectal adenocarcinoma .CONCLUSION:CHOP expression and PAR continuously increased and positively correlated along the adenoma -carcinoma sequence , indica-ting that endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the carcinogenesis of colorectal adenomas .

Background: Bovine papilloma is a neoplastic disease caused by bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), which were recently divided into 5 genera and at least 24 genotypes. Objectives: The complete genome sequence of BPV type 15 (BPV Aks-02), a novel putative BPV type from skin samples from infected cows in Southern Xinjiang China, was determined by collecting warty lesions, followed by DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing. Methods: DNA was analyzed initially by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the degenerate primers FAP59 and FAP64. The complete genome sequences of the BPV Aks-02 were amplified by PCR using the amplification primers and sequencing primers. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed using bio-informatic software. Results: The nucleotide sequence of the L1 open reading frame (ORF) of BPV Aks-02 was 75% identity to the L1 ORF of BPV-9 reference strain from GenBank. The complete genome consisted of 7,189 base pairs (G + C content of 42.50%) that encoded 5 early (E8, E7, E1, E2, and E4) and 2 late (L1 and L2) genes. The E7 protein contained a consensus CX2CX29CX 2 C zinc-binding domain and a LxCxE motif. Among the different members of this group, the percentages of the complete genome and ORFs (including 5 early and 2 late ORFs) sequence identity of BPV Aks-02 were closer to the genus Xipapillomavirus 1 of the Xipapillomavirus genus.Phylogenetic analysis and sequence similarities based on the L1 ORF of BPV Aks-02 revealed the same cluster. Conclusions The results suggest that BPV type (BPV Aks-02) clustered with members of the Xipapillomavirus genus as BPV 15 and were closely related to Xipapillomavirus 1.

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes in 10 probands with inherited fibrinogen (Fg) deficiency.

METHODSThe diagnosis of hereditary Fg deficiency was validated by prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), Fg activity (Fg:C) and Fg antigen (Fg:Ag) in plasma. All of the exons and their flanking sequences of the Fg gene were analyzed by direct sequencing. Detected mutations were confirmed by reverse sequencing.

RESULTSThe ranges of Fg:C and Fg:Ag in the 10 probands were 0.52-0.91 g/L and 0.62-2.98 g/L, respectively. Five of the probands had type I disorders, and 5 had type II disorders. Seven point mutations were identified, among which 6 have located in the D region. γThr277Arg, γAsp316His, γTrp208Leu and Lys232Thr were novel mutations, and αArg19Ser was first reported in Chinese. Four probands had the same mutation site (γArg275). As to the clinical manifestation, probands with type I disorders were asymptomatic or with mild or medium symptoms, while those belonged to type II disorders had moderate or serious symptoms. Two probands have carried an Arg275Cys mutation but had different clinical manifestations.

CONCLUSIONMutations of the Fg gene seem to aggregate to the D region of FGG in our region, and Arg275 is a common mutation. However, no correlation has been found between the mutation site and clinical manifestations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Afibrinogenemia ; blood ; classification ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; methods ; Exons ; genetics ; Family Health ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation, Missense ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prothrombin Time ; Thrombin Time ; Young Adult

Objective To use the "three-dimensional quality structure" model as a theoretical basis, based on multiple evidence-based evidence, to construct ICU nursing sensitivity quality indicators, and to provide reference for the evaluation and monitoring of ICU department nursing safety quality. Methods Evidence-based and Delphi methods were used to complete 3 rounds of inquiry among 27 experts to obtain consensus opinions of experts and to determine nursing quality indicators. Results Of the 30 articles included, 17 wereⅢA, 10 wereⅣA, 2 wereⅤA, and 1 wasⅤB. According to the"three-dimensional structure theory"model, the included indicators were sorted out and a total of 12 items were obtained. The effective recovery rate of 3 rounds of questionnaires was 96.6％, 100.0％, and 96.4％. The authoritative coefficients were 0.899, 0.895, and 0.909, and the coordination coefficients of the first, second, and third indexes were 0.340, 0.379, and 0.403, respectively,with significance (P<0.01). The final ICU nursing sensitivity quality indicator consists of 3 first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicators and 69 third-level indicators. The selection of indicators at all levels gradually converges. Conclusions The established ICU nursing sensitivity quality index accords with the principle of scientificity and practicality, and can be used for ICU department nursing quality assessment.

Objective:To explore the value of the static and dynamic pelvic floor MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in evaluating the morphology and function of urethra in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods:From July 2020 to February 2021, a total of 28 patients with SUI and 45 age-matched healthy controls were prospectively collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The static and dynamic pelvic floor MRI and DTI were performed for all subjects. The thickness of internal and external sphincter of middle urethra were measured on static MRI images. The functional urethral length (FUL) was measured both on static and maximal strain phase of dynamic MRI images, then the difference of FUL was calculated. The presence of bladder neck funneling and urethra opening were observed on static and dynamic MRI. The muscle fiber bundle image of urethral sphincter complex was obtained by post-processing of DTI original images. The anisotropy fraction (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and three eigenvalues (λ1, λ2, λ3) of annular sphincter and central longitudinal muscle in middle urethra were measured. The independent sample t test and chi-square test were used to analyse the difference of measured parameters in MRI, parameters of DTI and imaging signs between the two groups. Results:Compared with healthy controls, the SUI patients showed that the thickness of external sphincter in middle urethral and FUL in static status and maximal strain phase were significantly decreased ( t=-3.95, -5.72, -8.41, all P<0.001), the difference of FUL between static status and maximal strain phase was significantly increased ( t=4.41, P<0.001). The positive rate of bladder neck funneling in static status and maximal strain phase, urethral opening in maximal strain phase of SUI group increased significantly (χ2=23.09 , 22.25, 26.59, all P<0.001). In SUI group, the FA value of middle urethral annular sphincter decreased significantly ( t=-3.48, P=0.001), while the ADC, λ2 and λ3 values increased significantly ( t=3.19, 2.15 , 2.06, and P=0.002, 0.038 , 0.046, respectively). There was no significant difference in DTI parameters of middle urethral longitudinal muscle between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Static and dynamic MRI and DTI techniques can objectively evaluate the changes of urethral morphology and function of SUI patients. The thinning of the external sphincter in the middle urethra, shortening of the FUL and the destruction of the microstructure of the annular sphincter fiber bundle were the main alterations of SUI patients.

Objective To analyze result of the external quality assessment for laboratories of toxicological pathology diagnosis in organizations in China. Methods A total of 86 organizations that participated in the 2020-2021 external quality assessment in laboratory of toxicological pathology diagnosis (hereinafter referred to as "reference units") were selected as research subjects using convenient sampling method, and the assessment results were analyzed. Results The median of total score was 92, and the 0-100 percentiles were 64-100 in these 86 reference units. Among these reference units, 76 were rated as excellent, 10 as qualified, with the excellent and the qualified rate of 88.4% and 11.6%, respectively. No reference unit was rated as unqualified. The rates of excellence of the reference units in public health institutions, pharmaceutical research institutions, drug safety evaluation centers and testing companies were 95.7%, 84.2%, 85.7% and 86.7%, and the qualified rates were 4.3%, 15.8%, 14.3% and 13.3%, respectively. The distribution of excellence and qualification among the four types of reference units showed no statistical difference (P>0.05). The distribution of sample scores according to the three grades of poor, good, and excellent were 4.9%, 20.7%, and 74.5% in public health institutions, 8.6%, 23.7%, and 67.8% in pharmaceutical research institutions, 12.5%, 25.0%, and 62.5% in drug safety evaluation centers, and 5.4%, 17.5%, and 77.1% in testing companies. The proportion of excellence unit in public health institutions was higher than that in pharmaceutical research institutions (P<0.05). Conclusion The overall toxicological pathology diagnostic capabilities in China are good, and various types of reference units demonstrate comparable technical capabilities. However, there is a need for standardization of diagnostic terminology.

Objective:To study the distribution and antibiotics resistance of the main pathogens of neonatal purulent meningitis in different regions of China.Methods:A retrospective descriptive clinical epidemiological study was conducted in children with neonatal purulent meningitis which admitted to 18 tertiary hospitals in different regions of China between January 2015 to December 2019. The test results of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and drug sensitivity test results of the main pathogens were collected. The distributions of pathogenic bacteria in children with neonatal purulent meningitis in preterm and term infants, early and late onset infants, in Zhejiang Province and other regions outside Zhejiang Province, and in Wenzhou region and other regions of Zhejiang Province were analyzed. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 210 neonatal purulent meningitis cases were collected. The common pathogens were Escherichia coli ( E. coli)(41.4%(87/210)) and Streptococcus agalactiae ( S. agalactiae)(27.1%(57/210)). The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in preterm infants (77.6%(45/58)) with neonatal purulent meningitis was higher than that in term infants (47.4%(72/152)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=15.54, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the constituent ratios of E. coli (36.5%(31/85) vs 44.8%(56/125)) and S. agalactiae (24.7%(21/85) vs 28.8%(36/125)) between early onset and late onset cases (both P>0.05). The most common pathogen was E. coli in different regions, with 46.7%(64/137) in Zhejiang Province and 31.5%(23/73) in other regions outside Zhejiang Province. In Zhejiang Province, S. agalactiae was detected in 49 out of 137 cases (35.8%), which was significantly higher than other regions outside Zhejiang Province (11.0%(8/73)). The proportions of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in other regions outside Zhejiang Province (17.8%(13/73) and 16.4%(12/73)) were both higher than those in Zhejiang Province (2.9%(4/137) and 5.1%(7/137)). The differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=14.82, 12.26 and 7.43, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of Gram-positive bacteria in Wenzhou City (60.8%(31/51)) was higher than that in other regions in Zhejiang Province (38.4%(33/86)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.46, P=0.011). E. coli was sensitive to meropenem (0/45), and 74.4%(32/43) of them were resistant to ampicillin. E. coli had different degrees of resistance to other common cephalosporins, among which, cefotaxime had the highest resistance rate of 41.8%(23/55), followed by ceftriaxone (32.4%(23/71)). S. agalactiae was sensitive to penicillin, vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusions:The composition ratios of pathogenic bacteria of neonatal purulent meningitis are different in different regions of China. The most common pathogen is E. coli, which is sensitive to meropenem, while it has different degrees of resistance to other common cephalosporins, especially to cefotaxime.

Objective: To investigate the effect of peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) overexpression on fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) . Methods: Fibroblasts were randomly divided into control group (DMEM medium) , TGF-β1 group (5 μg/L TGF-β1) , negative control group (treated with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 and transfected with empty lentiviral vector) , and Prx2 group (treated with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 and transfected with Prx2 overexpression lentiviral vector) . MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation, immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the expression of 8-OHdG, and Western blot was used to measure the expression of p-JNK, p-P38, collagen type I, collagen type III, and Prx2. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. The continuous data were expressed as mean±standard deviation; an analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results: Lentiviral transfection was performed successfully, and the Prx2 group had a significant increase in the protein expression of Prx2 (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the TGF-β1 group had a significant increase in the proliferation ability (P<0.05) , and compared with the TGF-β1 group, the Prx2 group had a significant reduction in the proliferation ability (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the TGF-β1 group had significant increases in the expression of 8-OHdG, p-JNK, p-P38, collagen type I, and collagen type III (P<0.05) ; compared with the TGF-β1 group, the negative control group had no significant changes in the expression of 8-OHdG, p-JNK, p-P38, collagen type I, and collagen type III (P>0.05) , while the Prx2 group had significant reductions in the above parameters (P<0.05) . Conclusion Prx2 overexpression inhibits fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis induced by TGF-β1 through inhibiting reactive oxygen species and activating the JNK and P38 pathways.