To serve as carriers of cells and bioactive molecules, three-dimensional scaffolds play a key role in bone defect repair. The chemical component and microstructure of the scaffold can affect the mechanical properties and seed cells. A variety of fabrication techniques have been used in producing scaffolds, some made random porous structure, some created well-designed structure using rapid prototyping methods, and others prepared bio-derived materials as scaffolds. However, scaffolds may vary in their inner structure, mechanical properties and repairing efficiency as well because of different manufacturing methods. In this review, we overview the main achievements concerning the effects of material and microstructure on the mechanical performance, seed cells and defect repair of bone scaffolds.
Biocompatible Materials ; Bone and Bones ; Porosity ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rat model of blood hypercoagulable state by intra?venous injection of thrombin and to provide a model for researches on hypercoagulable state. Methods Rats were divided into six groups and were injected with normal saline and 2?5, 5, 10, 20, 40 U/kg thrombin solution through the femoral vein, respectively. Then, blood was drawn to test the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time ( PT) and fibrinogen ( FIB) , and to observe the death rate of rats in these groups to verify the optimal dosage. On this ba?sis, rats were injected thrombin of the best dose through the femoral vein, and blood samples were collected at 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 300 (s) to test APTT and PT and FIB for determining the best time for blood sampling. At last, the rats were divided into control group and thrombin group to inject normal saline or thrombin solution in the best dose via the fem?oral vein, and blood was taken at the best time to test APTT, PT, FIB and whole blood viscosity. Results APTT and PT values of the 10 U/kg thrombin group were the shortest, and FIB value of this group was the highest among these groups. APTT and PT values of blood sample collected at about 60 s after thrombin injection were the shortest, and FIB value was the highest. Compared with the control group, PT and APTT values of the thrombin group were shorter (P<0?05), and blood viscosity and FIB were higher ( P<0?05 ) . Conclusions Injecting thrombin solution into the femoral vein can be used to establish a rat model of hypercoagulable state. The best dose of thrombin solution is 10 U/kg in a concentration of 2 U/mL. The best time to collect blood sample is 60 s.

Objective To investigate the effect of mechanical ventilation on the pulmonary microvascular permeability in diabetic mice.Methods Sixty-four male C57/BL6 mice aged 10-12 months,weighing 20-25 g,were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n =16 each):control group (group C); mechanical ventilation group (group M); diabetes group (group D); diabetes mechanical ventilation group (group DM).Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 150 mg/kg (in citric acid buffer solution 0.1 mol/L) and confirmed by blood glucose level ＞ 16 mmol/L in groups D and DM,while the equal volume of citric acid buffer solution was given instead of streptozotocin in groups C and M.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 100 mg/kg and tracheostomized.The animals kept spontaneous breathing for 4 h in groups C and D,while the animals were mechanically ventilated for 4 h in groups M and DM.Eight mice from each group were randomly selected,arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis,and then the animals were sacrificed and the lung tissues were removed for determination of microscopic examination,W/D lung weight ratio and myeloperoxidase (MPO)activity.Four mice from each group were sacrificed and the pulmonary vascular permeability was determined.Four mice from each group were sacrificed and the primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were cultured in vitro and confirmed.The PMVEC permeability coefficient was measured using transendothelial [ 14 C ]BSA flux.Results Compared with group C,PaO2 was significantly decreased,and the MPO activity,pulmonary microvascular permeability and PMVECs permeability coefficient were significantly increased in groups M,D and DM,and W/D lung weight ratio was significantly increased in groups M and DM ( P ＜ 0.05).PaO2 was significantly lower,and W/D lung weight ratio,MPO activity,pulmonary microvascular permeability and PMVECs permeability coefficient were significantly higher in group DM than in group D ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which mechanical ventilation induces lung injury may be related to the increase in the pulmonary microvascular permeability in diabetic mice.

Objective:To analyze the categories, scoring methods and effects of dietary patterns in heart failure patients, systematically.Methods:The databases such as Medline, Embase, and Cochrane were searched to obtain articles on dietary patterns of heart failure patients up to December 31, 2019. Arksey and O′Malley's scoping review method was applied to analyze the articles.Results:A total of 1 500 studies were identified, 21 of them met the inclusion criteria. These studies mainly studied Mediterranean diet(11 articles), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet(7 articles), Palaeolithic diet(1 article), low fat diet(1 article), High-protein Diet(1 article).Conclusions:The Mediterranean and DASH dietary patterns have a positive protective effect on heart failure disease prevention and treatment, but more randomized controlled trials are needed to improve the reliability of the conclusions.

Granular corneal dystrophy is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease in clinic.Due to the TGFBI mutation on the 5q31 chromosome,the TGFBIp abnormally aggregates in the Bowman layer and the matrix layer and metabolic disorders,patients' bilateral cornea arise opacity,making visual acuity Progressive impairment.At present,there are at least 66 TGFBI mutations,at least 10 of which are related to granular corneal dystrophy,due to variation in genotype and the difference between homozygous and heterozygous,the patients' phenotype shows a significant difference.Along with the improvement of people's cognition,and the application of laser scanning confocal microscope and the gene diagnosis,More and more patients get the correct diagnosis,Current treatment methods mainly include corneal transplantation and laser ablation,patients are not satisfied because of the postoperative recurrence and aggravated.Due to the establishment of granular corneal dystrophy animal model,lithium and gene therapy will show a good application prospects.

Ob jective To study the effect of Tripartite motif 5 alpha( TRIM5α) on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods The TRIM5α construction was identified by enzyme diges-tion,PCR and sequencing.The TRIM5αplasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells and identified by RT-PCR and Western blotT.he cell proliferation was monitored by RTCA real -time instrument and cell apoptosis was an-alyzed by flow cytometry.The apoptosis related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The TRIM5αvector was successfully constructed.The result of RT-PCR and Western blot showed that TRIM5αplasmid could enter HepG2 cells.TRIM5αcould inhibit HepG2 cells proliferation also increased their apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and activation of Caspase-3 expression.TRIM5αalso could inhibit the tumor formation of HepG2 cells in vivo.Conclusion TRIM5αinhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and weakened the tumorigenic ability of HepG2 cells.This will establish the foundation for the mechanism study and the clinic use of TRIM5αfor tumor therapy in the future.

The high-affinity glucocorticoid binding sites (HAGS) and the low-affinity glucocorticoid binding sites (LAGS) with steroid specificity were demostrated in cerebral cytosol of rats by using the radioligand binding assay. The Kd of HAGS and LAGS were (178?0.71)?l0-8mol/L and (2.12?1.06)?10-6mol/L respecitively as estimated by Scatchard and Pseudoscatchard analysis. Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the traumatized(left) hemisphere cytosol were decreased more significantly than those in both the control (right) hemisphere cytosol at 6h postinjury and normal brain tissue (P

Objective: To investigate the impacts of sports game curriculum on the physical development of preschool children aged 3 to 5 years, so as to provide a reference for sports education and intervention among preschool children. Methods: Totally 176 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years in the large, medium and small class of a kindergarten in Changzhou were selected by means of cluster random sampling, and they were randomly divided into observation group (n=85) and control group(n=91). The control group did not receive special intervention, while the observation group received sports game curriculum, the intervention time was 1 year. The body shape and physical fitness indicators were tested and compared before and after intervention. Results: In terms of body shape, the increase in height of the observation group was (6.57±0.41)cm, which was significantly higher than (5.77±0.36)cm of the control group(t=13.78, P<0.01); There was no significant difference in weight gain between the observation group and the control group (2.53±0.35)kg vs (2.61±0.43)kg(t=1.35, P>0.05). The physical fitness indicators, including standing long jump, continuous jumping of the feet, sit-and-reach, tennis throwing, single foot balance and 10 m×2 shuttle run effects were (95.93±4.02)cm, (6.72±0.35)s, (11.65±1.33)cm, (6.21±1.50)m, (45.26±8.74)s,(6.91±0.13)s in the observation group, significantly better than (82.71±3.59)cm, (7.52±0.41)s, (10.06±1.32)cm, (5.34±1.21)m, (36.14±6.72)s, (7.36±0.17)s in the control group(t=23.04, 13.88, 7.96, 4.25, 7.79, 19.63, P<0.05). Conclusion The sports game curriculum has no significant effect on the weight of preschool children aged 3 to 5, but it can promote the height growth of children and helps to improve physical fitness.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with confirmed venous thromboembolism (VTE) in order to improve recognition of VTE, and reduce the rate of missed diagnosis and wrong diagnosis. Methods A retrospectively review was performed for 205 patients diagnosed with VTE confirmed by CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), radionuclide pulmonary ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) imaging, lower extremity deep vein ultrasound or venography in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2009 to December 2018. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results, imaging results, treatment and prognosis of patients diagnosed with VTE were analyzed. The clinical possibility was assessed by pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) simplified Wells score and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Wells score. 130 non-VTE patients admitted in the same period were enrolled as controls, and the risk factors of VTE were screened by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Among 205 VTE patients, 14 cases had incomplete data, 2 cases were complicated with other diseases deteriorated, 2 cases were excluded because of economic reasons, 10 cases abandoned treatment because of serious illness, and finally 177 cases were included in the analysis. The main clinical symptoms of VTE patients were chest tightness (36.16%), followed by chest pain (29.94%), dyspnea (29.38%) and hemoptysis (24.29%). Swelling or tenderness of unilateral/bilateral lower extremities (38.98%) and lung moist rale (20.90%) were the most common signs. ST-T changes were the main changes in electrocardiogram (ECG, 49.15%), followed by SⅠQⅢTⅢ or QⅢTⅢ changes (35.03%). Only 5.65% of the patients had plasma D-dimer less than 0.5 mg/L. 31.07% (55/177) patients had normal arterial blood gas results. Of the 177 VTE patients, 175 were diagnosed as PTE by CTPA, with bilateral/multi-lobar pulmonary artery embolism and its branches being the main type [44.57% (78/175)]. Two cases were diagnosed as PTE by V/Q imaging. Among them, 112 cases were received lower extremity deep venous ultrasound or lower extremity deep venography, 51 cases were diagnosed as lower extremity DVT, with thrombosis of popliteal and above vein as common [68.63% (35/51)]. The clinical possibility assessment showed that 67.23% (119/177) patients might have PTE (PTE simplified Wells score greater than or equal to 2), 38.98% (69/177) patients might have lower extremity DVT (DVT Wells score greater than or equal to 2). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that operation less than 4 weeks [odds ratio (OR) = 5.503, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.577-19.206, P = 0.007], trauma or fracture less than 3 months (OR = 6.771, 95%CI = 1.510-30.370, P = 0.012), VTE history (OR = 0.072, 95%CI =0.009-0.549, P = 0.011) were independent risk factors for VTE occurrence. Thrombolytic therapy was administered in 13 cases while anticoagulant therapy alone was prescribed in 164 cases. 176 patients recovered, while 1 case died. Conclusions VTE clinical manifestations are not specific. Patients with risk factors should be vigilant, be strengthen with diagnostic awareness, paid attention to the evaluation of clinical possibilities. Timely thrombolytic or anticoagulant treatment after diagnosis, can improve the survival rate.