In this study, we explored the feasibility of biotin-mediated modified polymeric micelles for pancreatic cancer targeted photodynamic therapy. Poly (ethylene glycol)-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (mPEG2000-DSPE) served as the drug-loaded material, biotin-poly(ethylene glycol)-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (Biotin-PEG3400-DSPE) as the functional material and the polymeric micelles were prepared by a thin-film hydration method. The targeting capability of micelles was investigated by cell uptake assay in vitro and fluorescence imaging in vivo and the amounts of Biotin-PEG-DSPE were optimized accordingly. Hypocrellin B (HB), a novel photosensitizer was then encapsulated in biotinylated polymeric micelles and the anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated systemically in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that micelles with 5 mol % Biotin-PEG-DSPE demonstrated the best targeting capability than those with 20 mol % or 0.5 mol % of corresponding materials. This formulation has a small particle size [mean diameter of (36.74 ± 2.16) nm] with a homogeneous distribution and high encapsulation efficiency (80.06 ± 0.19) %. The following pharmacodynamics assays showed that the biotinylated micelles significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of HB against tumor cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo, suggesting a promising potential of this formulation for treatment of pancreatic cancer, especially those poorly permeable, or insensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Objective To analyze the drug using regularity in treating breast cancer in spring of professor Lu Ming. Methods Prescriptions that treated breast cancer in 2013 spring of professor Lu Ming were collected, and then metrology analysis was used to study the frequency, property, flavor and meridian attribution of herbal medicine in these prescriptions, and analyze their basic medication features. Results Among the collected 111 prescriptions of professor Lu Ming for treatment of breast cancer, the most often used prescription was sedatives and tranquilizers and nourishing yin;commonly used medications were Lanceleaf lily bulb, cortex albiziae, radix astragali, radix paeoniae alba and so on. The herbal medicine used included five kinds of properties, and the two most common ones were warm and plain. There were six different flavors, among which sweet and bitter were the two most common ones. Nine meridian attributions were identified, among which liver meridian and spleen meridian were the two most common ones. Conclusion Clinical treatment of breast cancer should be based on sweet-warm nourishing herbal medicine, while paying attention to tranquilizing and sedating the mind. Symptoms should be treated by using clearing heat and promoting diuresis. In addition, it should be noted that the spring medication should conform the warmth of spring qi.

Objective To explore the related factors of diabetes insipidus and disorders of sodium and water after surgery of sellar region tumor,and to find nursing strategy and improve the prognosis of sellar region tumors.Methods In this study,we retrospectively reviewed 150 cases of sellar region tumor from January 2005 to January 2011 in our department,including 67 cases of pituitary adenoma,53 cases of meningioma,30 cases of craniopharyngiona.Approaches were depended on the size and growing pattern of the tumors.Related factors of postoperative diabetes insipidus and disorders of sodium and water were analyzed.Results Large tumor size,the pathology of tumor,preoperative endocrine dysfunction,preoperative visual field and vision disorders and surgery approach were related to such complications.Conclusions Finding the related factors of these complications in patients and adopting care measures play an important role in improving the prognosis of sellar region tumors.

The article discussed the necessity of strengthening continuous medical education in general hospitals,and puts forward that to establish high quality medical staff that can keep up with time,take the challenges and promote the innovation and the development of hospital,We must attach importance to strengthening and continuing medical education,and at the same time,improving and perfecting the education system is also very important.

The serum level of CXCL10 was determined in both patients with Graves' disease (GD) and normal control subjects.Serum CXCL10 levels in untreated and relapsed GD groups were higher compared with the remission group and control group( P＜0.01 ).A significant difference was observed between the former two GD groups (P＜0.01 ),but no difference was found between latter two groups( P＞0.05 ).Serum CXCL10 levels were positively correlated with FT3 and FT4,and negatively correlated with TSH by multiple linear regression analysis( P＜0.01 ).

Objective To make rehabilitation nursing signs and apply them in positioning of unaffected extremities among patients with hemiplegia.Methods Totally 49 stroke patients with hemiplegia were recruited in the control group from July 2013 to November 2014,and 52 stroke patients with hemiplegia were recruited in the experimental group from January 2015 to September 2015.Same treatment and rehabilitation nursing were provided to patients in two groups.For the experimental group,rehabilitation nursing signs were applied together with regular guidance and demonstration of positioning of unaffected extremities.For the control group,only regular guidance and demonstration of positioning of unaffected extremities were provided.Results For the experimental group,the compliance was 86.03％(4 026 of 4 680 times),the accuracy was 72.73％(2 928 of 4 026 times);for the control group,the compliance and accuracy were 58.10％ (2 562 of 4 410 times)and 50.94％ (1 305 of 2 562 times),respectively.In the experimental group,no new complication occurred,no existing complication deteriorated,10 cases of complications were alleviated.However,in the control group,two cases developed complications,two cases of existing complication deteriorated,and only four cases of complications were alleviated.Subjective attention from patients and their family members in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion For patients with hemiplegia,the rehabilitation nursing signs can significantly increase the compliance and accuracy of unaffected extremities positioning,and increase the attention from patients and their family members regarding unaffected extremities positioning in daily life.

Objective To study the imaging performance and mechanism of acute patellofemoral joint impingent syndrome.Meth-ods The MR images and clinical data of acute patellofemoral joint impingent syndrome were analysed retrospectively in 10 patients, which were confirmed by clinic .MRI and DR examination were performed in all patients,in which 6 patients had complete knee ar-throscopy material.The imaging performance and mechanism of acute patellofemoral joint impingent syndrome were summarized re-spectively.Results All cases had clear history of buckling ectropion trauma;Patellar dislocation or subluxation were detected in 9 cases on DR examination,10 cases on MRI;Patellar medial fracture or osteochondral fracture caused by acute slipped patella was de-tected in 1 case on DR examination,2 cases (3 places)on MRI;Medial patellar retinaculum injury were detected in 10 cases on MRI,which were corresponding to that on surgery.Articular injury and subchondral marrow edema in particular parts of joint (an-terolateral of lateral femoral and medial patellar)were detected in 9 cases on MRI.MRI features of articular cartilage injury were confirmed by arthroscopy.MRI showed ACL or PCL injury in 3 cases,meniscus tear in 4 cases,which were quite consistent with the arthroscopy findings.Conclusion MRI can effective display joint cartilage damage,subchondral marrow edema in particular parts of the joint,which is useful to clinical prediction and treatment at early stage.

At present ,the mechanism of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus causing human infection or death is still not fully clear .In order to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease ,the rhesus macaques were infected with H5N1 virus (AF148678/ACGoose/Guangdong/11961H5N1) .We analyzed the clinical symptoms ,characteristics of the virus invades body ,pathological changes ,and immune response to discuss the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia induced by H 5N1 virus infection from the early time to the recovery time .The rhesus macaques were infected with H5N1 virus through nasal .Clinical signs were assessed daily ,and major organs and blood were collected for detection of blood routine analysis ,viruses were isola-ted and titrated from organs ,and pathologic and immunohistochemical were also conducted .As a result ,the rhesus macaques in-fected with H5N1 virus experienced fever ,dyspnea ,and anorexia .The respiratory tract was the major target of the virus and the virus could not replicate in organs outside the respiratory tract .Positive staining cells by immunohistochemistry were bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages .Rhesus macaques experienced temporary severe pneumonia after 1-3 days ,mainly be-cause of neutrophils infiltration ;gradual recovery 6 days later ,mainly with macrophage infiltration ;lung tissue presented recov-ery state after 14 days ,mainly with T lymphocytes infiltration .Finally ,we concluded that the predilection of the H 5N1 virus to infect the lower airway suggests that it may be a limiting factor in human-to-human transmissibility of the H5N1 virus .The pathogenesis may include virus invasion ,replication and immune injury .

ObjectiveTo reproduce a clinically relevant two-hit model of sepsis complicated by pneumonia and to explore the correlation between two-hit and immune state.Methods Eighty-one male Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rats were divided into groups according to the random number table. Forty-five male rats were assigned respectively to sepsis-alone group, pneumonia 4 days and 7 days after sepsis groups, respectively. Survival rate of each group was observed. Another group of 36 male rats were divided into normal control group, sepsis-alone for 1, 4 and 7 days groups, and sepsis complicated by pneumonia for 4 days and 7 days after sepsis groups, each group consisted of 6 rats. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was done in rats, andStreptococcus pneumoniae suspension (bacteria count 1×1010 cfu/mL) was injected via the nose on the 4th day or 7th day after CLP. Rats were sacrificed at corresponding time points, and 1 day after challenge ofStreptococcus pneumoniae on the 4 days or 7 days post CLP for the collection of blood and tissue samples to make bacterial count of the blood, splenocyte count, biochemical indices, cytokines concentration, pathological changes in spleen and apoptotic cells.Results① Compared with the rats of sepsis-alone group, the rats in pneumonia 4 days after CLP group had poor survival rate (4 vs. 11,χ2 = 6.533,P = 0.011), while no difference was found between pneumonia 7 days after CLP group and sepsis-alone group (9 vs. 11,χ2 = 0.600,P = 0.439).② The blood bacterial count and all the biochemical indexes were sharply increased on 1 day post-CLP in the rats of sepsis-alone group, and then they gradually lowered. Compared with the rats of 1 day post-CLP, the proportion of splenocytes were decreased on the 4th day post-CLP [dendritic cells (DC): (0.69±0.09)% vs. (0.87±0.31)%, CD4+T cells: (21.05±2.89)% vs. (24.84±4.59)%, CD8+ T cells: (10.62±1.79)% vs. (13.40±1.31)%, allP< 0.05], but T-regulatory cell (Treg) count was higher on the 4th day after CLP compared with sepsis-alone rats [(3.14±0.74 )% vs. (2.87±1.08)%,P< 0.05]. The biochemical indices, including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) were obviously lowered on 7 days post-CLP compared with 1 day after CLP [ALT (U/L): 35.33±11.52 vs. 81.00±38.40, AST (U/L): 70.33±42.16 vs. 156.00±28.11, BUN (mmol/L): 5.30±2.27 vs. 9.13±4.04, SCr (μmol/L): 55.33±10.67 vs. 96.67±45.79, allP< 0.05]. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β) peaked on the 1st day after CLP [TNF-α:(18.03±2.88) ng/L, IL-6: (10.37±4.20) ng/L, IL-1β: (102.44±51.46) ng/L], and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) peaked on the 4th day after CLP [(1.76±0.71)μg/L]. The levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 ) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-Ⅰ (sTNFR-Ⅰ) maintained at high levels [7 days post-CLP: TGF-β1 was (0.90±0.56) ng/L, sTNFR-Ⅰ was (1.56±0.39) ng/L]. The spleen pathology became more marked with the time in the group of sepsis-alone, meanwhile the number of apoptotic spleencytes increased 4 days post-CLP as compared with that of the 1st day post-CLP (cells/HP: 52.99±20.79 vs. 16.05±3.28,P< 0.05).③ Compared with the same period of sepsis-alone group, the rats with pneumonia 4 days post-CLP group showed a higher blood bacterial count (log cfu/mL: 1.78±0.54 vs. 0.25±0.18,P< 0.05), while no difference was found between 7-day of post-CLP pneumonia group and sepsis-alone group (log cfu/mL: 0.57±0.46 vs. 0.13±0.12,P> 0.05). The same trend of changes, with slight reduction in splenocytes and biochemical indices were found between the groups of sepsis followed by pneumonia and sepsis-alone, but no significant difference was found. The level of HMGB1 in the 4-day group of sepsis with complication of pneumonia was further decreased compared with sepsis-alone group (μg/L:1.17±0.74 vs. 1.76±0.71,P< 0.05), and IL-1β in the 7-day group of sepsis complicated pneumonia was further higher than those of sepsis-alone group in the same period (ng/L: 105.73±25.06 vs. 61.04±31.29,P< 0.05), while there were no differences in levels of other cytokines between two-hit group and sepsis-alone group. Apoptosis of spleencytes in the 4-day group of sepsis complicated pneumonia was more marked than that of sepsis-alone group at the same period (cells/HP: 74.48±22.47 vs. 52.99±20.79,P< 0.05), while no difference was found between the 7-day groups of sepsis complicated pneumonia and the sepsis-alone group (cells/HP: 28.70±4.13 vs. 30.43±14.55, P> 0.05).Conclusions The mortality of this two-hit model with complication of pneumonia 4 days after CLP was significantly higher than that of single sepsis model. The ability of bacteria clearance was decreased, and immunocyte apoptosis was exacerbated. These findings may be with the result of the occurrence of immunoparalysis in the mid stage of sepsis. The two-hit model reproduced on 7 days after CLP might suggest reconstruction of host immune function, and maybe associated with the recovery of immune response.

OBJECTIVE To observe the protective effect and underlying mechanism of total ginsenosides (TG) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin 5 mg · kg-1 was conducted to establish a pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. Kunming mice(1/2 males and 1/2 females)were randomly divided into sham-operation(Sham),model,total ginsen?osides 40,80 and 160 mg·kg-1 and prednisone acetate(5 mg·kg-1) groups. After 28 d administration,the histopathological changes in the lung were analyzed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)and Masson staining. The exprssion of alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in the lung was detected by real-time PCR. The content of hydroxyproline(HYP)and glutathione(GSH),level of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and hydroxy radical(·OH),activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the lung were detected by corresponding kits. RESULTS Compared with the sham group,the pulmonary indexes in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01),alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were obvious. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH,activity of MPO and NOS were increased(P<0.05),but the content of GSH and T-AOC in model group was decreased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,the pulmonary indexes in TG 80 and 160 mg · kg-1 and prednisone acetate 5 mg · kg-1 groups were reduced(P<0.05),and the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis was mitigated. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH, the activity of MPO and NO were decreased (P<0.05),while the content of GSH and T-AOC was increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION TG can improve the degree of mice pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. The mechanism may be related to the increased antioxidant capacity of organisms.