The authors have measured the humerus in 200 pair (115 males and 85females) of the Chinese adults. The results indicate that fhe differencebetween the male and the female humeruses is significant. The maximumlength averages 31. 01 ? 0. 01cm in male and 29. 29 ? 0. 15cm in female. Theaverage length is 30. 50 ? 0. 09cm in male and 28.75 ? 0.14cm in female.The difference in the diameters of the average length of the upper. middle and lower extremities of both sexes is significant. The averagevalue of Shaft index is 77. 23 ? 0. 44 in male and 76. 62 ? 0. 51 in female. Theaverage value of the caliber index is 20. 37 ? 0. 10 in male and 19. 68 ? 0. 12in female. The average value of the head index is 93. 21 ? 0. 18 in male and93. 55 ? 0. 37 in female. The results of the measurement have been comparedwith data published both home and abroad.

Objective To study the relationship between ankle-brachial index and all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in female Chinese patients with atherosclerotic risk factors.Methods A total of 1744 female patients with no less than two atherosclerotic risk factors were enrolled from several hospitals in Shanghai and Beijing.Baseline exams were measured.All the participants were followed up 13 months.Results The patients with PAD were significantly older than those without PAD[(72.42?9.158)years vs(65.89?10.366)years,P

Objective To study the clinical significance of cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) capacity in cerebral vessels stenosis (CVS) patients with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2).Methods Fifty-two CVS patients were divided into two groups:one blood vessel stenosis group (22 cases) and multi blood vessels stenosis group (30 cases).Forty-five normal persons were selected as control group.All the groups were routinely examined with TCD and PETCO2.Hypercapnia was induced by inhaling the carbon dioxide who breathed himself,and hypocapnia was induced by voluntary hyperventilation to investigate the CVR capacity.Results (1)The vasodilator reserve of affected side of one blood vessel stenosis group [(3.16 ± 2.73)％/mm Hg,1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa],the heavier side of multi blood vessels stenosis group [(2.41 ± 1.25)％/mm Hg],and control group [(3.75 ± 1.77)％/mm Hg] had significant difference (F =3.866,P ＜ 0.05).The vasodilator reserve of heavier side of multi blood vessels stenosis group was significantly lower than that of control group (t =-2.657,P ＜ 0.05).The overall reserve of affected side of one blood vessel stenosis group [(3.13 ± 1.38)％/mm Hg],the heavier side of multi blood vessels stenosis group [(2.01 ± 1.89)％/mm Hg],and control group [(3.51 ±0.92)％/mm Hg] had significant difference (F =5.905,P ＜ 0.05).The overall reserve of heavier side of multi blood vesse stenosis group was significantly lower than that of control group and affected side of one blood vessels stenosis group (t =-3.468,2.582,P ＜ 0.05).(2) There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in PETCO2 when eupnea,hypocapnia and hypercapnia.(3) The extent of vascular disease correlated negatively with the vasodilator reserve and overall reserve (r =-0.433 and-0.475,P＜0.05).Conclusions TCD and PETCO2 are simple,economic and effective methods for assessing CVR capacity.The CVR capacity is reduced in patients with cerebral vessels changes.

Objective To evaluate the influence of diet structure and physical activity on the lipid level in different area of China.Methods A total of 145 people were selected by simple random sampling,including 52 residents,45 urban residents of Panzhihua and 48 rural residents of Panzhihua,each of them undergoing the laboratory examination and dietary and physical activity survey.Food frequency questionnaire and physical activity questionnaire were used.Results The blood sugar,TC and LDL-C level in Shanghai residents were higher than those of urban and rural residents of Panzhihua(P0.05)while the energy exhaust of Shanghai residents was higher than those of urban and rural residents of Panzhihua(P

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Methods From April 2000 to April 2004, 458 patients with ST segment elevation AMI were randomized to receive invasive therapy ( n =205) or non invasive therapy ( n =253) Comparison was made in the 30 day mortality rate, major cardiac events rate, reinfarction rate during hospitalization, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and end diastolic diameter (EDD) of echocardiograph in 2 weeks after AMI between the 2 groups The PCI group was divided into 3 sub groups according to number of stenosis artries found during angiography We try to find not the relation between left ventricular function and the number of coronary artery with stenosis Results The result of selective coronary artery angiography in 205 PCI patients was: 66 patients with single branch lesion (32 2%), 68 patients with double branches lesion (33 2%) and 71 patients with triple branches lesion (34 6%) 203 patients were operated successfully (99%), 228 stents were placed on lesions, 194 patients (94 6%) obtained TIMI grade Ⅲ perfusion of the IRA Compared the invasive with the non invasive group, the in hospital 30 day mortality rate was 2 9% vs 9 1% ( P

Objective To learn the awareness rate of HIV/Syphilis knowledge,condom usage,group behaviors and the infections among men who have sex with men (MSM)in Zhuhai and provide scientific foundation for preparing control measures.Methods The internet community was used for calling MSM to join the research.A MSM survey questionnaire was used to collect messages in the place of HIV Voluntary Counseling & Testing(VCT).The blood samples were collected to proceed biological detection.Re-sults Total 247 MSMs were tested,positive rates of HIV,TP specific antibody and non-specific antibody were 8.10% (20/247), 13.36%(33/247)and 10.72% (24/247).The separation between cognition and behavior was common existed in such population. HIV/syphilis infection rates were significant different between MSMs who had multiple sexual partners and those who did not. Conclusion Because the high risk behaviors are commonly existed among MSM in Zhuhai,the prevalence rates of HIV/Syphilis in them are high.It is necessary promote the screening of HIV/Syphilis,enhance the health education of disease control and block the transmission to develop a safe awareness and behaviors in MSM.

Background and purpose:Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly human malignant neoplasms. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major reason responsible for poor prognosis in the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. MicroRNA (miRNA, miR) is a family of small non-coding RNA molecules, dysregulated miRNA is associated with various tumor biological function. miR-33a has been widely reported as a metabolism-related miRNA, while its relationship with drug resistance has little understand. This study was focused on the effect of miR-33a on gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer to bring the novel theoretical basis to chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.Methods:In situ hybridization and Real-time PCR were used to analyze the miR-33a expressions in pancreatic cancer tissue sample and cell lines, respectively. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used to calculate the IC50 value of different pancreatic cancer cells.Results:miR-33a was down-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue and cell lines compared with para-cancerous tissues and normal HEK293T cells. Moreover, miR-33a over expression not only could enhance the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells, but also rescue the gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells.Conclusion:Down regulation of miR-33a in pancreatic cancer decreases the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine, resulting in development of acquired gemcitabine chemoresistance. It provides the theoretical basis to develop a new molecular targeted drug to combine with chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.

Objective To establish the synthetic method of the substrate for angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE),and investigate the assay method of sernm ACE. Methods The substrate was prepared by the use of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester in peptide synthesis,and serum ACE was determined by spectrophotometric assay using suhstrate. Results The substrate of furanacryloyl-phenylalanyl-glycyl-glycine with purity of 99.5% was obtained.The K_m value for the substrate was 0.25 mmol/L,the normal reference interval for serum ACE activity was 46.7 U/L to 113.3 U/L,and the within-run and between-run coefficient of variation(CVs)ranged from 3.9 to 4.9%.The serum ACE activity in patients with squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while that in patients with lung small cell carcinoma was not significantly decreased(P>0.05). Conclusion The synthesized substrate could be reliably used as a marker for diagnosis of different lung cancers in clinics.

lsartan could reduce the release of p-selectin.Conclusions Valsartan could relieve myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury of rat, which may be through reducing p-seleetin of plasma.

Objective:To explore the effects of quality control circle(QCC) on the complaint management and patient satisfaction in the medical insurance center.Methods:We set up QCC,defined the subject,identified the problems and made the cause analysis,made the countermeasures and implemented them.Results:Mter QCC ac-tivities,patients'major unsatisfactory factors such as long waiting time and poor staff coordination ability were signif-icantly improved.In addition,patient complaints decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:The application of QCC management on patient complaints can not only increase patient satisfaction,but also provide an importantway for the hospital to build up the brand.