Rapid on- site evaluation (ROSE) had gradually become an essential tool in interventional section, especially in pulmonary diseases. People were no longer limited to routine endoscopic operation. ROSE combined with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) enhanced the diagnostic efficiency and diagnostic accuracy of routine bronchoscopes, endobronchial ultrasound- guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and percutaneous lung biopsy. ROSE can read out the specimen on site , give preliminary diagnosis, and provide help for next operation. The ROSE included cytological ROSE (C-ROSE) and microbiological ROSE (M-ROSE). Now in clinic, C-ROSE was used more broadly. C-ROSE expanded the check range of routine endoscopic operation, and it had been proven to be safe and useful tools.

A volunteer was scanned by spiral CT,the Dicom format images were imported into Mimics software to reconstruct 3-D mandibular model,then optimized by Geomagic and meshed in Ansys software. A good geometric precise three-dimensional finite element model was constructed. The displacement of dentition was similar with clin-ical situation by computer.

Objective To determine the median effective target plasma concentration (Cp50) of remifentainil inhibiting body movement evoked by puncture during brachial plexus block in pediatric patients.Methods Pediatric patients of both sexes,aged 5-12 yr,who grown normally,scheduled for elective forearm or hand surgery,were enrolled in this study.Children were premedicated with oral midazolam 0.2 mg/kg at 30 min before anesthesia.The initial target Cp of remifentainil was 5.0 ng/ml.The target Cp was determined by up-and-down sequential method.Each time Cp increased/decreased by 20％ in the next patient depending on the response of the previous patient to puncture.The ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.2.The puncture was performed after the target effect-site and plasma concentrations were balanced.Body movement was defined as puncture-induced movement of truncus,limbs and/or head and neck.The Cp50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of remifentainil were calculated by Dixon method.Results Cp50 of remifentainil inhibiting body movement evoked by puncture during brachial plexus block was 3.9 ng/ml,and 95 ％ confidence interval was 3.6-4.2 ng/ml.Conclusion Cp50 of remifentainil inhibiting body movement evoked by puncture during brachial plexus block is 3.9 ng/ml in pediatric patients.

Objective To evaluate the significance of combined detection of leptin (LEP),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA),C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both serum and pleural effusion in differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and malignant tumor.Methods LEP,TNF-α,CEA,CRP and IL-6 levels in both pleural fluid and serum samples from 95 cases of pleural effusion (including 54 cases of malignant pleural effusion and 41 cases of tuberculous pleural effusion) were detected by immunoturbidimetry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),respectively.The data with normal distribution and skewed distribution were analyzed by t test and rank sum test,respectively.Results In patients with tuberculosis and malignant tumor,significant difference was observed in serum LEP [(0.42±0.47) ng/ mL vs (1.80±0.91) ng/mL,t=9.666,P=0.0001],TNF-α [(30.88±24.72) pg/mL vs (59.83±30.93) pg/mL,t=4.917,P=0.0001],CEA [(0.22±0.30) ng/mL vs (5.67±3.60) ng/mL,t=ll.074,P=0.0001] and IL-6 [(146.48±54.90) pg/mL vs (20.51±11.62) pg mL,t=-14.449,P 0.0001] levels.Serum CRP levels of patients with tuberculosis and malignant tumor were comparable [(32.78±22.43) mg/mL vs (37.80±16.74) mg/mL,t =1.249,P=0.215].In pleural effusion of the two groups (tuberculous pleural effusion vs malignant pleural effusion),LEP [(0.69±0.65) ng mL vs (4.33±2.16) ng mL,t 11.711,P 0.0001],TNFα [(20.60±17.80) pg/ mL vs (40.40±20.60) pg/mL,t=4.926,P=0.0001],CEA [(0.10±0.17) ng/mL vs (4.02±2.49) ng/ mL,t=11.537,P=0.0001] and IL-6 [(87.80±48.40) pg/mL vs (9.30±5.50) pg/mL,t =-10.333,P=0.0001] levels were significantly different,while CRP levels [(27.34±17.93) mg mL vs (29.60± 13.40) mg mL,t =0.709,P =0.102] were comparable.Conclusion LEP,TNF-α,and CEA levels in both pleural effusion and serum samples from patients with malignant tumor are higher than those with tuberculosis,while IL 6 levels are quite opposite.Combined detection of these parameters can help the differential diagnosis of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of qi-blood-supplementing needling in treating the incipient leukopenia after chemotherapy for breast cancer.MethodSeventy-eight patients with incipient leukopenia after chemotherapy for breast cancer were recruited and randomized into a control group (38 cases) and a treatment group (40 cases). The control group was intervened by medications for increasing white blood cell (WBC) count, while the treatment group was by qi-blood-supplementing needling plus the medication. The therapeutic efficacies were evaluated at the end of the intervention.ResultThe WBC counts increased significantly in both groups after treatment (P<0.01), and the count in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 95.0% in the treatment group versus 89.5% in the control group, and the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group (P<0.05). The treatment group was also better than the control group in improving symptoms including poor appetite, fatigue, pale complexion, and lassitude (P<0.05,P<0.01).ConclusionFor patients with incipient leukopenia after chemotherapy for breast cancer, qi-blood-supplementing needling plus medication for increasing WBC count can up-regulate the WBC count and improve the symptoms due to qi-blood deficiency.

Objective To explore the curative effect of colonoscopy combined with laparoscope in the treatment of colonic polyps.Methods The clinical data of 48 cases with colonic polyps were retrospectively analyzed.According to the operation pattern,the patients were divided into observation group(23 cases)and control group(25 cases).The observation group received colonoscopy combined with laparoscopy for radical surgery of colon polyps,the control group used the traditional open surgery to remove polyps.The operation time,bleeding volume, exhaust and defecation time,hospital days and cost as well as postoperative complications were observed.Results The two groups were successfully completed surgery.The operative time,bleeding volume of the observation group were (78.3 ±8.2)min and (1 3.1 ±4.5)mL respectively,which of the control group were (1 1 5.5 ±1 0.1 )min, (63.6 ±1 8.1 )mL,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t =1 3.93,1 3.01 ,all P <0.05).The anal exhaust time and defecation time of the observation group were (25.1 ±6.5)h and (42.5 ±7.6)h, which were significantly shorter than those of the control group[(36.6 ±8.1 )h,(82.3 ±1 1 .5)h],the differences were statistically significant(t =5.39,1 4.01 ,all P <0.05).The hospitalization time,hospital costs of the observation group were (5.5 ±0.6)d,(1 3 842.5 ±875.5)yuan,which of the control group were (8.2 ±1 .5)d,(1 8 992.5 ± 1 001 .5)yuan,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t =8.05,1 8.89,all P <0.05). Pulmonary infection in 1 case,anastomotic fistula in 2 cases,1 case of intestinal obstruction in the observation group, and in the control group,pulmonary infection occurred in 2 cases,2 cases of intestinal obstruction,the postoperative complications between the two groups had no statistically significant difference(P >0.05).Conclusion For simple colonoscopy treatment difficulties of colon polyps,colonoscopy,laparoscopy combined treatment is minimally invasive and can improve the safety,strictly control surgical indications,can give full play to the double mirror combined advantage.

Objective To optimize the prescription of flaxseed lignans sustained release tables by central composite design-response surface methodology.MethodsWith HPMC, EC and starch dosage as factors, and flaxseed lignans in 2, 6 and 12 h of cumulative release as evaluation indexes, central composite design-response surface optimization method was used to conduct prescription optimization experiments, and optimized prescription analysis was carried out.Results The optimal prescription of flaxseed lignans sustained release tables was as following: HPMC dosage was 43%; EC was 26%; starch content was 17%. Optimized index forecast values were very close to the observed values. In vitro release test of three selected optimal formulations indicated that there existed high approximation between the observed and estimated values.Conclusion It shows that the established model is suitable for flaxseed lignans sustained release tables, which can be used in the optimization of the prescription of flaxseed lignans sustained release tables.

An approach was proposed to evaluate preparation technology by means of fingerprint-peak matching technology of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD).Similarity and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were applied to identify the 15 batches of Xiaochaihu granules from different manufacturers and our laboratory,and peak pattern matching between the composite formulae and Radix Bupleuri Chinensis,which was one of the main ingredients of Xiaochaihu granules,was utilized to evaluate the preparation technology of Xiaochaihu granules via the indexes of the relative deviation of retention time (RT) and UV spectrum feature similarity of their corresponding peaks.Eleven matching peaks were found between Xiaochalhu granules and Radix Bupleuri Chinensis.However,the saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D,which are the important active components in Radix Bupleuri Chinensis,were not found in Xiaochaihu granules from any manufacturers.The peak areas of 11 characteristic peaks of Xiaochaihu granules samples formed a matrix of 11 × 15.The result of HCA showed that Xiaochaihu granules samples were divided into four kinds of category.Xiaochaihu granules samples from the same manufacturer were basically clustered of the same category.The results suggested that the saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D are prone to structural transformation under the condition of decoction and in the presence of the organic acidic components.These active components,existing in raw herb,might transform to a series of non-active secondary saikosaponin due to unfavourable preparation technology.So the conventional decoction-based preparation technology of Xiaochaihu granules might greatly affect its quality and therapeutic effectiveness. This study demonstrates that fingerprint-peak matching technology can not only be used for quality control of this composite formulae,but also provide some guidance for preparation technology of Xiaochaihu granules.

Objective: To investigate the public opinion on pharmaceutical service and explore the implementation of pharmaceutical service fee and the prospect of online pharmaceutical service in our country.Methods: Questionnaires which related to pharmaceutical service fee and online pharmaceutical service were distributed to patients and their relatives or friends, and then recycled.The data including the recycling of questionnaires, information of respondents and answers to the questions were statistically analyzed.Results: Totally 63.8% respondents considered pharmaceutical service fee was reasonable and the fee should be borne by the government finance and health care insurance.Totally 85.5% respondents thought launching online pharmaceutical service was necessary, which included online retails of medicine, consultation, medication guidance, decoction of Chinese traditional medicines, medicine delivery and so on, especially pharmacy consultation.Conclusion: Outpatients have high demands of pharmaceutical service and most of them accept online pharmaceutical service with different understandings.Pharmaceutical service fee is an inevitable trend in the development of pharmaceutical industry.More publicity and guidance should be given to improve people's acceptance of pharmaceutical service and relevant cost.Relevant departments should take full advantages of Internet and provide diversified pharmaceutical service.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different medicine treatment strategies on the social functions promotion on the patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods 375 Patients with TRD were randomly grouped into 8 groups, and each group was received 8 weeks different treatment for paroxetine,venlafaxine, mirtazapine, paroxetine plus risperidone, paroxetine plus sodium valproate, paroxetine plus buspirone, paroxetine plus trazodone,or paroxetine plus thyroxine, respectively. The efficacy and social functions were evaluated with HAMD-17, SDSS and SF-36. Results There were significant difference in SDSS scores between 8th week and the baseline( P＜0.01 ) , and for social functions factor scores of SF-36 there was significant difference between 4th ,8th week and the baseline in each groups( P＜0.01 ). There were significant difference in social functions factor scores of SF-36 and subtracting scores between 4th and 8th week in all groups except group paroxetine and group venlafaxine(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). There were significant difference in SDSS subtracting scores at 8th week among 8 groups( paroxetine plus risperidone group 7.05 ± 6.39, mirtazapine group 6.53 ± 4.75, paroxetine plusthyroxine group 5.14 ± 4.94, paroxetine group 5.13 ± 4.94 ,paroxetine plus trazodone group 5.00 ± 4.94, paroxetine plus sodium valproate group 4.60 ± 4.09, venlafaxine group 4.57 ± 4.18, paroxetine plus buspirone group 4.24 ± 4.95 ) ( Z = 2.076, P ＜ 0.05 ), between group paroxetine plus risperidone and group venlafaxine , group paroxetine plus sodium valproate, group paroxetine plus buspirone,as group mirtazapine and group paroxetine plus buspirone(P＜ 0.05 ), respectively. The influencing factors on improving social functions are the severity, improvement of depressive symptoms and latest onset time. Conclusions These 8 treatment strategies all can promote social functions on the patients with TRD. But the intensity and chronological order of improvement werent the same among 8 groups. The influencing factors on improving social functions are the severity, improvement of depressive symptoms and latest onset time.