The -1031T/C polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) gene was determined by PCR-RFLP in 54 patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmorpathy (TAO), 60 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) without ophthalmopathy and 76 healthy subjects. The results showed that the frequencies of TC+CC genotype and C allele in TAO group, especially in male patients, were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (both P

Cerebral microbleeds are a research focus in the field of cerebrovascular disease in recent years.Cerebral microbleeds have important influence on recurrent stroke,hemorrhagic transformation,cognitive impairment,and treatment options in patients with ischemic stroke.The article reviews the above aspects.

AIM: To apply Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) identifying powder aqueous extracts and alcohol extracts of Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae,Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Radix Paeonia rubra. METHODS: ?-Al_2O_3 was taken as the reference substance and under static state air condition,with the determination of the measuring range、the heating rate and temperature range of each herb or its extracts,the herbs were(identified) by comparing the characteristics and the peak profiles of their chromatography. RESULTS: There were the tiny differences in DSC chromatography among powder,aqueous extracts and alcohol extracts,DSC chromatography of the same herbs from two different areas were very close to each other. CONCLUSION: With great advantages of DSC method,such as very small amount of drugs,solvent-free.It is easy,quick and convenient to apply chromatography analyses.

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of lidocaine on expression of the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in small intestine in septic rats.Methods Fifty adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =10 each):sham operation group (group S),sepsis group( group Sep ) and different doses of lidocaine group (group L1～3 ).Group S were not applied cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Sepsis intestinal damage model was performed in group Sep by CLP.Group L1～3 were given intraperitoneally lidocaine in a dose ofS,10 and 20 mg/kg at immediately,1 and 2 h after CLP,respectively.Isometric normal saline was given intraperitoneally in group S and group Sep.The small intestine tissues were taken at 24 and 48 h after CLP.The small intestine morphology was observed with optical microscope.The expression of the HMGB1 mRNA were examined by PCR and the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) were determined by ELISA.Results Compared with group S,the expression of HMGB1 mRNA was increased and the activity of DAO decreased in group Sep and groups L1～3 at 24 and 48 h after CLP ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with group Sep,the expression of HMGB1 mRNA was decreased and the activity of DAO increased in a dose-dependent manner in groups L1～3 ( P ＜0.05),The injury of pathology of small intestine was slighter in groups L1～3 than in group Sep.Conclusion Lidocaine can reduce samll intestine injury through inhibiting HMGB1 expression in septic rats by a dose-dependent manner.

This article summarized clinical studies and mechanism research literature on acupuncture in treating chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in the latest 20 years. It found that the domestic and foreign researches tend to regard acupuncture as an effective method for the treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, which still requires further high-level clinical researches to verify. Acupuncture may prevent and treat chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting through multiple mechanisms, and studies on these mechanisms show extensive research prospect.

To compare the clinical effect of needling the Ashi point (4cm lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of cervical vertebra) plus Yaotongdian on the hand and point injection on the Ashi point with Triamoninde. The curative effect of acupuncture was better than that of point injection.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of trans-gastric peritoneoscopy with technique of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)for tuberculosis peritonitis.Methods Clinical data of 20 patients with tuberculosis peritonitis diagnosed by trans-gastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES were retrospectively analyzed.Results All diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy.The findings of peritoneoscopy were defined as miliary type with miliary nodes scattered in ascites and on peritoneum,adhesive type with thickening of peritoneum and adhesion between peritoneum and intestines,cheese-like type with parietal peritoneal ulcer and cheese-like substances,and mixed type with 2 or 3 of above mentioned types.Positive findings in other laboratory examinations were hemoglobin decrease in 10(50％)patients,blood sedimentation rate increase in 16(80％),C reactive protein increase in 13(65％),CA125 increase in 18(90％),and positive tuberculin test in 9(45％).Abnormal findings were detected by chest X-ray in 8(40％)patients,by abdominal ultrasonography examination in 2(10％),by abdominal CT in 7(35％),and by colonoscopy in 1(5％).No abnormal results were found in all patients in anti-tuberculosis antibody test,ascites bacteria culture and gastroscopy.Conclusion Trans-gastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES with biopsy is effective for diagnosis of tuberculosis peritonitis.

Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy in hydrogen-induced reduction of lung injury in septic mice.Methods Sixty pathogen-free healthy male ICR mice,aged 6 weeks,weighing 20-25 g,were divided into 5 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sh),sepsis group (group Sep),sepsis plus hydrogen group (group Sep+H2),sepsis plus autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (group Sep+3-MA) and sepsis plus 3-MA plus hydrogen group (group Sep+3-MA+H2).Sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture.At 1 h before operation,3-MA 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected.The mice inhaled 2％ H2 for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after operation.Blood samples were collected from the common carotid artery at 24 h after operation for measurement of arterial oxygen partial pressure,and the oxygenation index (OI) was calculated.Pulmonary specimens were obtained for examination of the pathological changes which were scored.Pulnonary mitochondria were isolated for determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content using fluorescence spectrophotometry and a bioluminescence assay,respectively,and the respiratory control rate (RCR) was calculated.The expression of autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) was determined by Western blot,and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ to LC3-Ⅰ expression (LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio) was calculated.Results Compared with group Sh,the pathological scores were significantly increased,the OI and contents of mitochondrial RCR,MMP and ATP were decreased,and the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio was increased in Sep and Sep+H2 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group Sep,the pathological scores were significantly decreased,the OI and contents of mitochondrial RCR,MMP and ATP were increased,and the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio was increased in group Sep+H2,and the pathological scores were significantly increased,the OI and contents of mitochondrial RCR,MMP and ATP were decreased,and the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio was decreased in group Sep+3-MA (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in each parameter mentioned above in group Sep+3-MA+H2 (P＞0.05).Compared with group Sep+H2,the pathological scores were significantly increased,the OI and contents of mitochondrial RCR,MMP and ATP were decreased,and the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio was decreased in group Sep+3-MA+H2 (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen ameliorates lung injury is related to enhanced level of autophagy in septic mice.

AIM: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was an important pathogen recognition receptor in the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of TLR4 polymorphisms in the general population of China. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 191 unrelated healthy Chinese Cantonese individuals. The functional regions of TLR4 locus,including promoter region and all three exons with their surrounding intronic regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. After purified,the amplified products were directly sequenced on both strands. RESULTS: A total of eight single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected,five of which were novel. The most common SNP were -1607 C/T with the minor allele frequency of 0.283. Two nonsynonymous substitutions Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile,which were common in Caucasus,were not detected in Cantonese. Neutrality test revealed that TLR4 in Chinese Cantonese was not significantly deviated from the neutral model. CONCLUSION: This is the new finding on the distribution of TLR4 SNPs in the general population of China. It provides several ethnic specific SNPs for further disease association studies of TLR4 polymorphisms in Chinese populations.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of lidocaine on acute liver injury in septic rats.Methods Fifty male Wistar rats,weighing 200-250 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were randomly divided into 5 groups(n =10 each):sham operation group(group S),sepsis group(group CLP),and different doses of lidocaine groups(groups L1-3).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)in anesthetized rats.At 0,1 and 2 h after CLP,lidocaine 5,10 and 20 mg/kg(in normal saline 0.5 ml)were injected intraperitoneally in groups L1-3 respectively,while normal saline 0.5 ml was given in groups S and CLP.At 24 h after CLP,blood samples were taken for determination of the plasma alanine aminotran sferase(ALT)concenlralion.The rats were then sacrificed,and the liver was removed for microscopic examination and determination of the hepatic high-mobility group box 1 protein(HMGBI)mRNA expression.Results Compared with group S,the plasma ALT concentration was significandy increased and hepatic HMGBI mRNA expression was up-regulated in groups CLP and L1-3(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group CLP,HMGBI mRNA expression was down-regulated in groups 14-3,while the plasma ALT concentration was decreased in groups L2 and L3(P ＜ 0.05),The plasma ALT concentration was significantly decreased and HMGBI mRNA expression was down-regulated in groups L2 and L3 com pared with group L1,and in group L3 compared with group L2(P ＜ 0.05).The microscopic examination showed that the pathologic changes were attenuated in groups L1-3,and the changes were least severe in group L3.Concluslon Lidocaine can reduce acute liver injury in septic rats,this effect is dose-related,and inhibition of hepatic HMGBI mRNA expression is involved in the mechanism.