Objective To study the complexity of S region qusispecies in various disease stages of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and its relation to disease activity. Methods Serum samples were obtained from 112 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection;22 with chronic carries(ASC),30 with chronic mild or moderate hepatitis(CH),60 with fulminant hepatitis failure(FHF). HBV qusispecies populations were separated by the single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method targeted the S region and DNA sequencing analysis. Results The number of SSCP bands detected in the patients with ASC、CH and FHF was 1.45?0.13,3.70?0.22 and 5.93?0.24, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of quasispecies among various disease stages ( P

To observe the changes in L Arginine /NO pathway of platelet in elderly patients with essential hypertension 20 elderly patients with essential hypertension and 15 healthy volunteers were entered for the study. The changes in L Arg transport, the activity of NOS and the production of NO - 2 were measured. Results showed that the activity of NOS and the production of NO - 2 were decreased, compared with those of healthy volunteers. The maximum transport velocity (Vmax) of L Arg transport in elderly patients with essential hypertension was 70% of healthy volunteers. No changes in Michaelis constant (Km) were found. This results suggested that function of L Arginine/NO pathway of platelet in patients with hypertersion is decreased. L Arginine/NO pathway of platelet played an important role in antithrombosis. Not only drugs to lower blood pressure should be given but also antiplatelet drugs to prevent thrombosis.

Objective To investigate difference of NKG2D receptor expression level on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells in the patients with hepatitis B and its clinical significance.Methods This was a four-arm study with different types of subjects,including patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB,n =22),HBV carriers (HBVC,n=10),patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB,n=18) and healthy donors (HD,n=18).NKG2D protein and mRNA levels on the surface NK cells in the peripheral blood were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay.The relationship between NKG 2D expression and serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level was analyzed.The data were compared by analysis of variance and linear regression.Results NKG2D mRNA expression levels in groups of HBVC, HD, AHB and CHB were 0.96±0.17, 1.03±0.12,1.53±0.30 and 1.51 ± 0.35,respectively; the differences among groups were statistically significant (q=7.586,7.485,7.920 and 7.880,respectively; all P＜0.01).NKG2D protein expression levels in groups of AHB,HD,CHB and HBVC were 0.87±0.14,0.89±0.17,0.67±0.09 and 0.59±0.13,respectively; the differences among groups were statistically significant (q=6.92,7.67,7.53and 8.16,respectively; all P＜0.01).The NKG2D mRNA expression levels on NK cells were negatively correlated with serum HBV DNA viral loads in patients with CHB,AHB or HBVC (r=-0.75,-0.66 and-0.69,respectively; all P＜0.01).The NKG2D protein levels on NK cells from patients with AHB and CHB were negatively correlated with serum HBV DNA levels (r=-0.47 and -0.45,respectively; both P＜0.05).Conclusion NKG2D mediated NK cytotoxicity may play a role in viral clearance in hepatitis B.

Objective To investigate the direct economic loss caused by oral infection in patients with acute leuke-mia.Methods Acute leukemia patients with oral infection in a tertiary first-class hospital in Shandong Province be-tween January 2011 and December 2013 were investigated,the 1 :1 matched case-control method was used for com-paring hospitalization expense and length of hospital stay between oral infected (case group)and uninfected patients (control group ).Results A total of 994 patients with acute leukemia were monitored,277 had healthcare-associated infection,17 (5.56%)of whom were with oral infection.The median hospitalization expense of patients in case group and control group was￥37 327 and￥13 176 respectively,the total hospitalization expense of patients in case group was 2.83 times more than control group,difference was statistically significant (Z = -3.621 ,P <0.001).Each hospitalization expense of case group was higher than control group,especially expense for medicine, blood transfusion,laboratory examination,and therapy.The median length of hospital stay in case group and con-trol group were 17 days and 11 days respectively,rank sum test showed that difference in median length of hospital stay between two groups was statistically significant (Z =-3.627,P < 0.001 ).Conclusion Acute leukemia pa-tients with oral infection have increased hospitalization expense,prolonged length of hospital stay,and increased the financial burden.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of paroxetine combined with low dose of olanzapine on sleep process and architec-ture of depression patients with insomnia. METHODS:84 depression patients with insomnia were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group was given 20 mg Paroxetine tablet,once every morning;observation group was addi-tionally given 2.5 mg Olanzapine tablet,once before going to bed. Sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)],depres-sion scores [Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)],sleep process [sleep latency (SL),awakening times (AT),the actual total sleep time (TST),sleep efficiency (SE),rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency (RL)] and sleep architecture [sleep stage 1 (S1),2(S2),3(S3)and the proportion of REM to sleep] in 2 groups before and 3,6 months after treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions(ADR)were observed. RESULTS:After treatment,PSQI and HAMD scores in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and gradually decreased by time,and observation group was lower than control group;TST in observation group was significantly higher than before and control group,S1 in observation group was significantly lower than before,SE,S3 and REM in 2 groups were significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,SL,AT,RL and S2 were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no obvious ADR in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Paroxetine combined with low dose of olanzapine can sig-nificantly relieve depression,optimize sleep process and sleep architecture,then impove sleep quality.

Objective To investigate the relationship between biomarkers of renal function and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in cerebral hemorrhage patients.Methods This is a cross-sectional study including a total of 129 patients with cerebral hemorrhage.All patients underwent susceptibility weighted 3.0 T MRI.The presence and number of CMBs on susceptibility weighted MRI were independently interpreted.We calculated the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) from morning spot urine and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in serum samples.Serum cystatin C (CysC) was measured using the automated particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay.Results Among 129 patients with cerebral hemorrhage,86 (66.7％) had CMBs on susceptibility-weighted imaging.UACR (mg/g;20.47 ± 9.03 vs 35.24±14.83,t=3.823,P＜0.01)andCysC (mg/L;0.98±0.09vs 1.31 ±0.13,t=4.739,P＜0.01) levels were higher in the patients with CMBs than those without,and the eGFR (ml · min-1 · 1.73 m 2) was lower in the patients with CMBs than those without (78.07 ± 18.69 vs 61.59 ± 17.08,t =3.672,P ＜0.01).A Logistic regression analysis indicated that the levels of kidney impairment biomarkers were significantly associated with the prevalence of CMBs in cerebral hemorrhage patients after an adjustment for age,sex and other risk factors.The odds ratio (OR) and 95％ CI of each kidney biomarkers (eGFR,UACR,and CysC) for the CMBs status were 2.573 (1.172-5.315),2.735 (1.247-6.246)and 2.976 (1.764-6.968),respectively.CysC exhibited fair diagnostic value for CMBs,with an area under the curve of 0.835 (95％ CI 0.791-0.878).Furthermore,there were negative correlations between eGFR and the the number of CMBs (P =0.038,R2 total =0.216).There was a positive correlation between UACR,CysC and number of CMBs (P =0.024,R2 total =0.312;P =0.013,R2 total =0.375).Conclusions Elevated levels of kidney biomarkers are associated with the presence of CMBs in cerebral hemorrhage patients,independent of conventional risk factors.CysC may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for CMBs in cerebral hemorrhage patients.

Objective To investigate the characteristic changes of the metabolism products in the auditory cortex (transverse temporal gyrus) in diabetes combined with nerve deafness using 1 H magnetic resonance spectros‐copy (1 H -MRS) ,and to discover the early warning indicator of nerve deafness in type 2 diabetes .Methods PTA was performed in 98 patients with type 2 diabetes (diagnosed by Endocrinology Department) ,and in 15 healthy sub‐jects in the control group .The patients were classified into four groups :the group of type 2 diabetes;type 2 diabe‐tes with unilateral and bilateral deafness ,and the normal control group .Cerebral metabolism was studied by assess‐ing the ratios of nitro -acetyl aspartate contrast to choline (NAA/Cho) as well as to creatine (NAA/Cr) ,myo-in‐ositol to creatine (mI/Cr) and choline to creatine (Cho/Cr) ratios in the auditory cortical separately in these groups . The Pearson correlation analysis was applied to determine blood glucose value with the nerve metabolites while the ROC curves were made for those metabolism markers to find the best diagnostic threshold .Results NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho were negatively correlated with AHI index and Cho/Cr ,mI/Cr was positively correlated with blood glu‐cose value .Significantly lower values of NAA/Cho ratio were found in patients'(diabetes without deafness) auditory cortex compared with 15 age-matched control subjects (P<0 .05) .NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratio in diabetes with deafness were significantly lower than those in control group (P< 0 .05) ,Cho/Cr higher than those of in other groups (P<0 .05) .NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratio in injured and uninjured auditory cortex of diabetes with unilateral deafness were significantly lower than those of in control group (P<0 .05) ,then we made a self -comparison be‐tween the injured and uninjured auditory cortex ,finding that NAA/Cho ratio had a significant difference .All of the metabolisms were tested by the curve of ROC .The area of NAA/Cho under the ROC curve was 81% ,which had a higher accuracy .NAA/Cho equal to 1 .65 can be used as boundary indicators between diabetes without deafness and diabetes with deafness groups ,the areas of the remaining indicators under the ROC curve was<50% .Conclusion NAA/Cho may be the early warning marker of nerve deafness in type 2 diabetes .

Objective To investigate the changes of plasma microRNA-223(miR-223) and HMGB-1 in pediatric sepsis patients.Methods There were 49 children with sepsis enrolled in the study (sepsis group),severe sepsis group (n=25) and general group (n=24). Meanwhile, 50 healthy children (normal control group) were selected as control group. The expression levels of plasma miR-223and HMGB-1 (high mobility group box 1) were detected. The predictive values of miR-223and HMGB-1 in plasma of children with sepsis were evaluated by receiver operatingcharacteristic (ROC) curve.Results The plasma miR-223 and HMGB-1 expression levels in severe sepsis group and general group were up-regulated compared with those in the normal control group (F=63.02, 76.32,P<0.05). The area under ROC curve of miR-223,HMGB-1 predicting sepsis were 0.904 (95%CI 0.821-0.998), 0.748 (95%CI: 0.625-0.903). There was positive correlation between miR-223 and HMGB-1 (r=3.532, P<0.05). Conclusions The expression levels of plasma miR-223 in children with sepsis are signiifcantly up-regulated, which can be used as early diagnostic markers to relfect the severity of inlfammation in some degree.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel s with wide variety of sources have the potential of differentiation and self-renewal. In additional, autologous stem cel s can avoid immune rejection after transplantation, and thus it has become one of the most promising alternative strategies for tissue/organ transplantation. However, due to the adverse environments at injured sites, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, current stem cel transplantation efficacy is relatively low. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of oxidative stress on stem cel s and on their transplantation efficiency as wel as relevant mechanisms. METHODS:PubMed database was searched by the first author for relevant articles about stem cel s published from 1990 to 2015. The keywords were“stem cel transplantation, stem cel , oxidative stress, molecular mechanism”. After eliminating literatures which had poor authority or similar content, 97 articles were involved in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different types of stem cel s have different basal endogenous antioxidant stress levels. Oxidative stress through multiple molecular pathways causes cel aging, apoptosis and cancer, which also can result in apoptosis of cancer cel s. Stem cel s can adjust endogenous antioxidant levels through multiple paths. To improve the endogenous antioxidant stress level using a variety of methods can increase stem cel transplantation efficiency and prevent stem cel cancerization due to oxidative stress, which makes the clinical application of stem cel transplantation therapy safer and more popular.

Objective: To establish a method for determining the contents of hesperidin and arctiin in the root of Arctium lappa L.from different habitats.Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.1% formic acid (B) with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.3 ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was 280 nm, and the temperature of column was 25℃.Results: The linear range of hesperidin and arctiin was 4.950-29.700 μg·ml-1 and 6.250-37.500 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), respectively.The average recovery of hesperidin and arctiin was 99.0% and 98.5%, respectively.Conclusion: The developed method is sensitive, rapid and accurate, which can be used for the quality control of the root,of Arctium lappa L.