OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanism of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E6 for improving vinorelbine-induced immunosuppression in zebrafish. METHODS: The intestinal colonization of L. paracasei E6 labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in zebrafish was observed under fluorescence microscope. In a zebrafish model of vinorelbine-induced immunosuppression, the immunomodulatory activity of L. paracasei E6 was assessed by analyzing macrophage and neutrophil counts in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), the number of T-lymphocyte, and the expressions of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in L. paracasei E6 fermentation supernatant and the metabolites of L. paracasei E6 in zebrafish were detected by LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics. The immunomodulatory effects of the SCFAs including sodium acetate, sodium propionate and sodium butyrate were evaluated in the zebrafish model of immunosuppression. RESULTS: After inoculation, green fluorescence of FITC-labeled L. paracasei E6 was clearly observed in the intestinal ball, midgut and posterior gut regions of zebrafish. In the immunocompromised zebrafish model, L. paracasei E6 significantly alleviated the reduction of macrophage and neutrophil counts in the CHT, increased the fluorescence intensity of T-lymphocytes, and promoted the expressions of IL-12 and IFN-γ. Compared with MRS medium, L. paracasei E6 fermentation supernatant showed significantly higher levels of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, which were also detected in immunocompromised zebrafish following treatment with L. paracasei E6. Treatment of the zebrafish model with sodium acetate and sodium propionate significantly increased macrophage and neutrophil counts in the CHT and effectively inhibited vinorelbine-induced reduction of thymus T cells. CONCLUSIONS L. paracasei E6 can improve vinorelbine-induced immunosuppression in zebrafish through its SCFA metabolites acetic acid and propionic acid.
Animals ; Zebrafish/immunology* ; Acetic Acid/metabolism* ; Propionates/metabolism* ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum ZG03 (L. plantarum ZG03) for ameliorating oxidative stress in zebrafish. METHODS: We evaluated the growth pattern of L. plantarum ZG03, observed its morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and assessed its safety and potential efficacy with whole-genome sequencing for genetic analysis. FITC-labeled ZG03 was used to observe its intestinal colonization in zebrafish. In a zebrafish model of 2% glucose-induced oxidative stress, the effect of ZG03 was evaluated by assessing the changes in neutrophils in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics was used for analyzing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the zebrafish, and the antioxidant effects of the key metabolites (acetate, propionate, and caproate) were tested. RESULTS: On MRS agar, L. plantarum ZG03 formed circular, smooth, moist, and milky-white colonies with a rod-shaped cell morphology. Genomic analysis revealed abundant sugar metabolism gene clusters. After inoculation of FITC-labeled L. plantarum ZG03 in zebrafish, green fluorescence was clearly observed in the intestinal bulb, mid-intestine, and hind intestine. In zebrafish with glucose-induced oxidative stress, L. plantarum ZG03 significantly reduced ROS levels and the number of neutrophils in the CHT with increased SOD activity. L.plantarum ZG03 significantly increased the content of SCFAs including acetic acid, propionic acid, and caproic acid in zebrafish metabolites. In addition, sodium acetate, sodium propionate, and sodium caproate in the SCFAs significantly increased SOD activity in the zebrafish models. CONCLUSIONS L. plantarum ZG03 ameliorates oxidative stress in a glucose-induced zebrafish model through its metabolites, particularly the SCFAs including acetic acid, propionic acid and caproic acid.
Animals ; Zebrafish/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress ; Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolism* ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism* ; Probiotics ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of triple therapy of aspirin,clopidogrel and urinary kallidi-nogenase in the treatment of recurrent transient ischemic attack. METHODS:180 patients with recurrent transient ischemic attack were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group was orally treated with Aspirin enteric-coated tab-lets 100 mg,once a day + Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate tablets 75 mg,once a day. Based on the treatment of control group,obser-vation group was additionally treated with Urinary kallidinogenase for injection 0.15 PNA unit adding into Sodium chloride injec-tion 100 ml by intravenous injection,once a day. The treatment course for both groups was 2 weeks. The clinic data was observed, including clinical efficacy,and LDL,HDL TC and TG levels before and after treatment,recurrence rate of cerebral ischemia,inci-dence of cerebral infarction and adverse reactions after 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,and the recurrence rate of cerebral ischemia and incidence of cerebral infarction were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05). After treatment,HDL level in 2 groups were significantly higher than be-fore,and observation group was higher than control group;levels of LDL,TC and TG were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group(P<0.05). There were no severe adverse reactions in groups during treatment. CON-CLUSIONS:Triple therapy of aspirin,clopidogrel and urinary kallidinogenase has significant efficacy in the treatment of transient ischemic attack,with good safety.

Objective To summarize the achievement and experience in leprosy control in Jiangxi Province and provide scientific basis for formulation of leprosy strategies. Methods Based on the National Leprosy Recording and Reporting System, epidemiological data of leprosy in Jiangxi Province were analyzed using computer. Results Jiangxi Province was a leprosy medium endemic area with a higher distribution of leprosy in the south than the north. The prevalence, incidence and detection rates were highest in the 1959s or 1960s and had decreased annually since then. Average incidence rate for the recent 5 years (0.1604 per 100 000) and prevalence rate (0.049 per 10 000) in 1998 reached the criteria of basic elimination of leprosy at provincial level, however, still 15 counties or cities not reaching the criteria. Conclusion The comprehensive measures including early detection of cases, immediate treatment with multidrug therapy and effective health education are helpful and important for leprosy control.