Objective To establish characteristic fingerprint of essential oil in Rhizoma Chuanxiong and to scientifically evaluate and effectively control the inner quality of Rhizoma Chuanxiong.MethodsChemical components in essential oil from ten batches of Rhizoma Chuanxiong samples were analyzed by GC-MS method and the common peaks and characteristic peaks were identified.Results Thirteen common peaks were identified and eight characteristic peaks was established.Precision,stability and reproducibility tests had good results with the characteristic peaks as indexes.Conclusion The established characteristic fingerprint is very exclusive and can be used for the quality control of Rhizoma Chuanxiong.