Objective To investigate the relationship between chromosome 6p copy number alterations (CNAs) and postoperative intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC);and to screen for the target genes in CNA(s).Methods Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and expression arrays were used to detect CNAs and differences in gene expression, respectively.The associations between CNAs in 6p and HCC recurrence were analyzed using the log-rank test, the Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazards models on 66 patients who had been follow-up for 2.6 ～ 73.3 months.The differentially expression of genes in the potentially recurrence-related CNAs were further evaluated by the MannWhitney U test on 117 HCCs, which included 109 cases with paired array CGH and expression data.Results 6p CNAs were detected in 46 (69.7％) of the 66 HCCs.Of the 8 CNAs with the most frequent recurrence of over 20％ , a gain at 6p21.1 was independently associated with a 2.3-fold (95％ CI =1.1 ～ 5.1, P ＜ 0.05) increased risk for intrahepatic recurrence and with a more pronounced 3.3-fold (95％ CI =1.4 ～ 8.2, P ＜0.05) risk for early recurrence (≤ 1 year).A panel of 9 genes, including BYSL and RPL7L1 within the documented 6p21.1, were observed to be upregulated in HCCs with 6p21.1 gain when compared with HCCs without (all P ＜ 0.05).A high BYSL expression significantly correlated with a larger tumor size (＞ 6 cm), vascular invasion and advanced tumor stage (all P ＜ 0.05), and high RPL7L1 expression significantly correlated with vascular invasion and advanced tumor stage (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion A gain at 6p21.1 was an independently prognostic marker for intrahepatic recurrence of postoperative HCC, particular for early recurrence, and BYSL and RPL7L1 might be the target genes in the recurrence-related 6p21.1 gain.

Objective : To investigate the effect and mechanism of ARRB1 on Armillariella tabescens polysaccharides reversal of 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) -induced chemotherapeutic intestinal mucosal injury． Methods : Twelve ARRB1 knockout ( ARRB1 －/ － ) and wild-type ( WT) C57BL /6 mice were randomly divided into Control，Model and ATPS groups (200 mg / kg) ，respectively．5-FU (50 mg / kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 days to establish a model of chemotherapeutic intestinal mucosal injury．The histopathological damage of jejunum was evaluated by HE staining ; the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and diamine oxidase (DAO) was measured by kits ; the expression of tight junction protein (TJ) markers ZO-1，Occludin，Claudin-1 and proliferation-associated protein Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry．Crypt isolation and organoid culture were used to detect the growth status of small intestinal organoids. Results : 5-FU chemotherapy reduced body weight，aggravated histopathological damage in small intestine，decreased SOD level，TJ protein and Ki-67 protein expression，increased serum DAO level，decreased spherical structure formation rate and organoid formation rate ; compared with the model group，after ATPS treatment，WT mice recovered body weight，decreased pathological damage，increased serum SOD level，TJ protein and Ki-67 protein expression，DAO levels decreased，and the rates of spherical structure for- mation and organoid formation were significantly higher．However，ARRB1 －/ － mice failed to reverse the effect of 5- FU after ATPS treatment． Conclusion ATPS reverses 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis through the protective effects of ARRB1 on intestinal barrier and organoid growth.

Objective: To investigate the molecular markers of copy number aberrations (CNAs) of genes related to extrohepatic metastasis-free survival after the operation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The CNA status of 20 candidate genes in 66 HCC samples was detected by microarray comparative genomic hybridization. The associations between gene CNAs and extrohepatic metastasis-free survival were evaluated using the Cox regression model, Log-rank test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the independent risk factors for metastasis-free survival were MDM4 gain (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-6.37, P < 0.05), APC loss (HR = 8.43, 95% CI = 2.48-28.66, P < 0.01), and BCL2L1 gain (HR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.13-10.52, P < 0.05) and the independent protective factor was FBXW7 loss (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.12-0.89, P < 0.05). By stepwise Cox regression analysis, three CNAs related to metastasis-free survival were screened out: MDM4 gain (HR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.11-6.64, P < 0.05), APC loss (HR = 7.19, 95% CI = 1.88-27.60, P < 0.005), and FBXW7 loss (HR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05-0.46, P < 0.01). There were significant differences in metastasis-free survival rate between the HCC patients with FBXW7 loss and without MDM4 gain or APC loss, those with MDM4 gain and/or APC loss and without FBXW7 loss, and those with other CNA combinations (log-rank test, P < 0.01). Conclusion MDM4 gain, APC loss, and FBXW7 loss are the independent prognostic factors for extrohepatic metastasis-free survival after the operation for HCC and can be used to predict the risk of extrohepatic metastasis after the operation for HCC.

Objective : To investigate the reversal effect and mechanism of cinobufagin (CBG) on cisplatin resist- ance in human ovarian cancer cells . Methods : A2780 cell line and its cisplatin-resistant cell line A2780/DDP are common ovarian cancer cells in clinic , so these two cell lines were selected as the research objects . The cell viabil- ity was detected by cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay , and the cell proliferation ability was detected by plate clo- ning and 5-ethynyl-2 ′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Hoechst staining was used to observe cell apoptosis . Cell scratch test and Transwell test were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion ability. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of phosphatidylinosi- tol 3-kinase/protein kinase ( PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) . Results: Compared with A2780 cells , the drug resistance indexes of A2780/DDP cells were 5 . 636 , 5 . 864 , 5 . 695 , respectively. After treatment of A2780/DDP cells with CBG (2 , 4 , 6 mg/ml) , the reversal resistance indexes were 1 . 617 , 2. 570 , 3 . 461 , respectively. CBG treatment significantly increased the level of apoptosis and inhibi- ted the proliferation , migration and invasion of the cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0. 05) . Western blot results showed that compared with A2780 cells , the relative ratio of P-PI3K/PI3K and P-AKT/AKT protein levels , as well as the protein expression of N-cadherin , Vimentin , and Snail were higher in the control group (A2780/DDP) cells , while the protein expression of E-cadherin was lower ( t P-PI3K/PI3K = 8 . 115 , t P-AKT/AKT = 17. 62 , t N-cadherin = 6. 126 , t Vimentin = 4. 001 , t Snail = 17. 333 , t E-cadherin = 4. 620 , P < 0. 01) ; As the dose of CBG increased , the protein expression levels of P-PI3K , P-AKT , N-cadherin , Vimentin , and Snail in drug-resistant cells de- creased , while the protein expression level of E-cadherin increased ( FP-PI3K = 268. 5 , FP-AKT = 190. 5 , FN-cadherin = 24. 02 , F Vimentin = 57 . 65 , FSnail = 87 . 24 , FE-cadherin = 135 . 8 , P < 0. 05) . qRT-PCR results showed that with the in- crease of CBG concentration , the mRNA expression levels of PI3K , AKT , N-cadherin , Vimentin and Snail de- creased , while the mRNA expression level of E-cadherin gradually increased ( FPI3K = 101 . 1 , FAKT = 558. 3 , FN-cadherin = 86. 97 , F Vimentin = 105 . 9 , FSnail = 85 . 71 , FE-cadherin = 80. 96 , P < 0. 01) . Conclusion CBG can reverse cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer A2780/DDP cell line , and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibition of EMT by CBG.

Objective: To investigate the reversal effect of cinobufagin ( CINO) combined with 5-fluorouracil (5- FU) on human colorectal cancer ( CRC) drug-resistant cell line HCT15 /5-FU，and to clarify the regulatory role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1 α) / vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway in reversing chemoresistance of colorectal cancer． Methods : MTT assay was used to detect the changes of drug resistance and drug resistance index，flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis of cells ，scratch test and Transwell assay were used to detect the changes of cell migration and invasion ability．Western blot was used to detect the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins and HIF-1 α/ VEGF pathway-related proteins. Results: Compared with HCT15 cells，the resistance index of HCT15 /5-FU was about 8. 720． CINO combined with 5-FU could significantly enhance the drug sensitivity of HCT15 /5-FU cells，reduce drug resistance index，up-regulate the level of apoptosis，and inhibit cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner．Western blot results showed that CINO combined with 5-FU could inhibit the activity of EMT and HIF-1 α/ VEGF pathway． Conclusion CINO can reverse 5-FU resistance of colorectal cancer in vitro，and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the HIF-1 α/ VEGF pathway and the inhibition of EMT and angiogenesis.