Objective: To construct severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)coronavirus 3CL protease gene into transforming vector prepare recombinant baculovirus and transduct it into infect insect cells to express SARS-3CL protease. Mothods: The 3cl-Teasy and pFastBac HTb bacmida were amplified. The 3cl gene was cloned into baculovirus transforming vector pFastBac HTb by enzyme-digest- and-ligase method,which was named recombinant pFB HTb-3cl. The pFB HTB-3cl was transformed into E.coli DH10Bac competent cells.The positive colonies were screened by three antibiotics and blue-white patch method. The bacmid-HTb-3cl recombinant baculovirus bacmid was obtained and purified to transfect St9 insect cells.The protease expressed in Sf9 insect cells were identified by SDS-PAGE. Results: Recombinant expression vector was obtained successfully. The 3CL protease expressed in insect cells were identified by SDS-PAGE. Conclusion: The expression of 3CL protease in insect cells provided foundation for detecting protein activities and screening inhibitor against SARS-3CL protease.

Abstract The health literacy level among the elderly in China remains at a low level. The 14th Five-Year Plan for Healthy Aging clearly points out that health literacy promotion projects should be implemented to improve the health literacy level among the elderly. The health literacy promotion strategies for the elderly require individual, social, policy and environmental supports. This article reviewed four types of health literacy promotion strategies for the elderly, including social strategies, lecture-based health education strategies, new media-based health communication strategies and environmental strategies. It also proposed that health education institutions, communities and other parties should work together, take advantage of digital technology and internet, and take various measures simultaneously to improve the health literacy of the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the analgesic mechanism of intrathecal trichostatin A (TSA) injection in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI). METHODS: Male SD rats were randomized into sham operation+ DMSO group (group S), CCI +DMSO group (group C), CCI +10 μg TSA group (group T), and in the latter two groups, rat models of neuropathic pain were established induced by CCI. The rats were given intrathecal injections of 10 μL 5% DMSO or 10 μg TSA (in 5% DMSO) once a day on days 7 to 9 after CCI or sham operation. The rats were euthanized after behavioral tests on day 10, and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was sampled to determine the expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) protein and mRNA and detect the differentially expressed miRNAs using a miRNA chip. MiR-190b-5p and miR-142-3p were selected for validation of the results using RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with those in group S, the rats in group C showed significantly decreased paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) from day 3 to day 10 after CCI ( < 0.05); intrathecal injection of TSA significantly reversed the reduction of PWMT following CCI ( < 0.05). Positive HDAC4 expression was detected mainly in the cytoplasm of the neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord, and was obviously up-regulated after CCI ( < 0.05). Intrathecal injection of TSA significantly suppressed CCI-induced up-regulation of HDAC4 at 10 days after the operation ( < 0.05). Compared with the miRNA profile in group S, miRNA profiling identified 83 differentially expressed miRNAs in group C (fold change ≥2 or ≤0.5, < 0.05); TSA treatment reversed the expressions of 58 of the differentially expressed miRNAs following CCI, including 41 miRNAs that were decreased after CCI but up-regulated following TSA treatment. The results of real-time PCR validated the changes in the expressions of miR-190b-5p and miR-142-3p. CONCLUSIONS TSA suppresses CCI-induced up-regulation of HDAC4 and reverses differential expressions of miRNAs in the spinal cord of rats, which may contribute to the analgesic effect of TSA on neuropathic pain.
Animals ; Histone Deacetylases ; Hydroxamic Acids ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; Up-Regulation

An effective therapeutic regimen for hepatic fibrosis requires a deep understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism. Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) with an excessive production of extracellular matrix. Although promoted activation of HSCs by M2 macrophages has been demonstrated, the molecular mechanism involved remains ambiguous. Herein, we propose that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) involved in macrophage polarization may regulate the communication between macrophages and HSCs by changing the functions of exosomes. We confirm that activating the VDR can inhibit the effect of M2 macrophages on HSC activation. The exosomes derived from M2 macrophages can promote HSC activation, while stimulating VDR alters the protein profiles and reverses their roles in M2 macrophage exosomes. Smooth muscle cell-associated protein 5 (SMAP-5) was found to be the key effector protein in promoting HSC activation by regulating autophagy flux. Building on these results, we show that a combined treatment of a VDR agonist and a macrophage-targeted exosomal secretion inhibitor achieves an excellent anti-hepatic fibrosis effect. In this study, we aim to elucidate the association between VDR and macrophages in HSC activation. The results contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism of hepatic fibrosis, and provide potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
Humans ; Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology* ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology* ; Macrophages/metabolism*