Industrial bioprocess is one of the most important research fields supports the promoting of biological manufacturing industry in China, and guarantees the implementation of bioscience and biotechnology research results into the industrial applications. For improving the interconnection between academic researchers and industrial stuffs and pushing research achievement into industrial implementation, bioprocess modelling and control committee of Chinese Society for Microbiology organized two tandem conferences separately in 2012 and 2014 on the topic of "Industrial bioprocess technology", focusing mainly technique front of industrial bioprocess. A special session on industrial technique applications was hold to stimulate cooperation. The conference received many good submissions from academic and industrial sectors. This special issue is based on selected excellent papers from the submissions, together with free submissions. The special issue consists of reviews and original papers, mainly involving the aspects closely related to the bio-industrial sectors including, i) high yield strain constructing and high throughput screening; ii) optimization and modification of industrial enzymes, and iii) bioprocess modelling and high efficient scale-up method.
China ; Congresses as Topic ; Enzymes ; biosynthesis ; Fermentation ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Societies, Scientific

The advances of industrial biotechnology highly depend on the development of industrial bioprocess researches. In China, we are facing several challenges because of a huge national industrial fermentation capacity. The industrial bioprocess development experienced several main stages. This work mainly reviews the development of the industrial bioprocess in China during the past 30 or 40 years: including the early stage kinetics model study derived from classical chemical engineering, researching method based on control theory, multiple-parameter analysis techniques of on-line measuring instruments and techniques, and multi-scale analysis theory, and also solid state fermentation techniques and fermenters. In addition, the cutting edge of bioprocess engineering was also addressed.
Bioengineering ; history ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Engineering ; China ; Fermentation ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century

Filamentous fungi are widely used in industrial fermentation. Particular fungal morphology acts as a critical index for a successful fermentation. To break the bottleneck of morphological analysis, we have developed a reliable method for fungal morphological analysis. By this method, we can prepare hundreds of pellet samples simultaneously and obtain quantitative morphological information at large scale quickly. This method can largely increase the accuracy and reliability of morphological analysis result. Based on that, the studies of Aspergillus niger morphology under different oxygen supply conditions and shear rate conditions were carried out. As a result, the morphological responding patterns of A. niger morphology to these conditions were quantitatively demonstrated, which laid a solid foundation for the further scale-up.
Aspergillus niger ; cytology ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Reproducibility of Results

A rapid and accurate determination method of lipids in microalgae plays a significant role in an efficient breeding process for high-lipid production of microalgae. Using low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), we developed a direct quantitative method for cellular lipids in Chlorella protothecoides cells. The LF-NMR signal had a linear relationship with the lipid content in the microalgae cells for both dry cell samples and algal broth samples (R2 > 0.99). These results indicated that we could use this method for accurate determination of microalgal lipids. Although LF-NMR is a rapid and easy lipid determination method in comparison to conventional methods, low efficiency would limit its application in high throughput screening. Therefore, we developed a novel combined high throughput screening method for high-lipid content mutants of C. protothecoides. Namely, we initially applied Nile red staining method for semi-quantification of lipid in the pre-screening process, and following with LF-NMR method for accurate lipid determination in re-screening process. Finally, we adopted this novel screening method in the breeding process of high-lipid content heterotrophic cells of C. protothecoides. From 3 098 mutated strains 108 high-lipid content strains were selected through pre-screening process, and then 9 mutants with high-lipid production were obtained in the re-screening process. In a consequence, with heterotrophical cultivation of 168 h, the lipid concentration could reach 5 g/L, and the highest lipid content exceeded 20% (W/W), which was almost two-fold to that of the wild strain. All these results demonstrated that the novel breeding process was reliable and feasible for improving the screening efficiency.
Chlorophyta ; chemistry ; Heterotrophic Processes ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Lipids ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Microalgae ; chemistry ; Staining and Labeling

Carbon-limited continuous culture was used to study the relationship between the growth of Aspergillus niger and the production of glucoamylase. The result showed that when the specific growth rate was lower than 0.068 h(-1), the production of glucoamylase was growth-associated, when the specific growth rate was higher than 0.068 h(-1), the production of glucoamylase was not growth-associated. Based on the result of continuous culture, the Monod dynamics model of glucose consumption of A. niger was constructed, Combining Herbert-Pirt equation of glucose and oxygen consumption with Luedeking-Piret equation of enzyme production, the black-box model of Aspergillus niger for enzyme production was established. The exponential fed-batch culture was designed to control the specific growth rate at 0.05 h(-1) by using this model and the highest yield for glucoamylase production by A. niger reached 0.127 g glucoamylase/g glucose. The black-box model constructed in this study successfully described the glucoamylase production by A. niger and the result of the model fitted the measured value well. The black-box model could guide the design and optimization of glucoamylase production by A. niger.
Aspergillus niger ; metabolism ; Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Carbon ; Culture Media ; Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase ; biosynthesis ; Glucose ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Oxygen

13 C isotopic abundance of intracellular free amino acid with a characteristic of fast- turnover can quickly reflect changes in intracellular metabolic state. But the concentration of intracellular free amino acid is low, the existed 13 C isotope detection method based on GC-MS can not satisfy the requirement with full scan mode. In this study, the selected ion monitoring method was used to detect accuracy higher likelihood of analysis of 13 C isotopic abundance of free intracellular amino acid. First, in the full scan mode we analyzed of the fracture law of different amino acids, found the feature corresponding to each amino acid fragments, and established 16 kinds of free intracellular amino acids characteristic fragment library. Then using this characteristic fragment library, only specific m/z signal was detected in sample analysis, which realized the selected ion monitoring and improved the quality of signal. The results of amino acid standards showed that the signal-to-noise ratio, measurement precision and accuracy were improved by 17, 2. 0 and 3. 8 times compared with the full scan mode. In the analysis of coenzyme Q10 producing strains of samples, this method was successfully used to detect isotopic abundance of 8 kinds of free intracellular amino acids. This method plays an important role in the detection of 13 C isotopic abundance of the intracellular free amino acid in cell metabolism research.

A method for measuring 13C isotopic abundance of intracellular metabolites of Saccharopolysporaerythraea by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was established.First, the chromatographic conditions of UPLC were optimized, and then the MS conditions such as unique tube lens voltage, collision energy, and ion pair were optimized.On the bases of length of the parent and daughter ions carbon chains and whether the daughter ions contain 13C atoms, the one-to-one method, one-to-many method and SIM method were established for measuring 13C isotopic abundance.Then these methods were used to measure naturally labeled intracellular metabolite standards and 13C labeled samples, and according to the gap between the experimental value and the theoretical value, the best method was established for each metabolite of different characteristics.The results showed that one-to-one method was most effective for measuring the metabolites of daughter ions not containing 13C atoms represented by sugar phosphates, one-to-many method was the best for measuring the metabolites of both parent and daughter ions containing 13C short carbon chains represented by carboxylic acids, SIM method could play a role in measuring the metabolites of both parent and daughter ions containing 13C long carbon chains represented by coenzyme A.This method had a good measurement precision and could be applied to the measurement of Saccharopolysporaerythraea intracellular metabolites, which contributed to the consequent study of metabolic mechanism and the efficient expression of erythromycin.

Recently the methylotrophic Pichia pastoris,with many advantages such as high expression,stable genetics and protein secretion,has been used extensively as a host expressing heterologous proteins.The optimal seed medium among seven media MM,MD,MGY,BMGY,YMPD,YMPGy and MGyB is BMGY with addition of 4mL/L PTM1 The high density synthesized medium in shake flask culture is as follows: Glycerol 4%(NH 4) 2SO 4 10g/L,CaSO 4 0.93g/L,K 2SO 4 18 2g/L,MgSO 4?7H 2O 14 9g/L,add 0.1mol/L PBS(pH=6 0) to 1 0 liter.The harvested yeast cell optical density (OD 600 ) reached 65 or more after 26 hours cultivation.By analysis of SDS\|PAGE,the results of Pichia pastoris culture by methanol inducement for 72 hours showed that the expression of recombinant human serum albumin had been achieved by methanol inducement after 12 hours,and the mount of targeted protein reached the summit after 24 hours inducement by methanol.The high density synthesized medium in shake flask culture in this experiment,which is similar to the mediums of batch fermentation and batch\|fed fermentation,is benefit to direct the P.pastoris fermentation in the fermentor.

Based on the optimized technology on 50L scale, B subtilis 754# was used to manufacture guanosine on pilot scale (12M 3) and plant scale (100M 3) to give the production of 29 4g/L and 21 4g/L successively Through scale down the process of plant scale to pilot scale, based on the theory of dynamic metabolic flux, DO was found to be another key factor that limited the scale up process After conquering the DO limitation, the optimized technology was successfully scaled up to plant scale and the production was further increased by 18% to 25 2 g/L

We observed the influence of methanol concentration on purification recovery of recombinant human consensus interferon-a (cIFN) produced by Pichia pastoris. Fermentations controlled at 0.75% (W/V) methanol showed a 24% increase in clFN expression compared to using 0.25% methanol. However, the purification recovery rate of cIFN at 0.25% methanol was 3.75-fold higher than that at 0.75% methanol. To seek the reason, we analyzed the stability of clFN by SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGE as well as Western blotting. The electrophoresis results revealed that cIFN formed a lot of aggregates in media when the induction was controlled at 0.75% methanol, and two different aggregate forms were found: disulfide bond covalent aggregates and non-covalent aggregates. However, these aggregates almost disappeared when the methanol concentration was controlled at 0.25%, at the same time, cIFN bioactivity of supernatant increased almost 4.48-fold. Finally, 0.73g monomer cIFN was obtained after purification from 1 liter supernatant at 0.25% methanol induction, showed a 2.84-fold increase compare to the induction at 0.75% methanol.
Antiviral Agents ; isolation & purification ; Fermentation ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Methanol ; analysis ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification