Objective To evaluate the biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol (n-HA/PVA ) hydrogel com-posite for keratoprosthesis .Methods There were four materials to be evaluated ,big-porous and small-porous n-HA/PVA hydrogel composite ,big-porous and small-porous PVA hydrogel .Every kind of materials was digested in F12 nutrient culture for 24 h to get the materials impregnant .Corneal fibroblasts were cultivated in materials impregnant and through methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium col-orimetry to assay the cytotoxicity .Rabbit corneal fibroblasts were seeded onto the four materials in vitro .Three days later the growth of fibroblasts were observed by inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM ) .Results The cytotoxicity scores of the materials with big-porous were both grade one .The mean corneal fibroblasts counts on culture were no obvious differ-ence between big-porous materials groups and control group under plate inverted microscope 72 hours later(P=0 .608) .Through scanning electron microscope 72 hours later ,corneal fibroblasts grew well on n-HA/PVA hydrogel composite ,and migrated into the porous of composite materials .The corneal fibroblasts on big-porous n-HA/PVA hydrogel composite were more obviously found than the other three materials(F=95 .245 ,P=0 .000) .Conclusion The porous n-HA/PVA hydrogel composite is a kind of good biocompatible material which has no cytotoxicity .The n-HA/PVA hydrogel composite with big porous would be an ideal pe-ripheral skirt of keratoprosthesis .

Objective To expound emphatically the application of nuclear medical examination in primary hyperparathyroidism.Methods 22 patients (19 adenomas,3 hyperplasia) with primary hyperparathyroidism confirmed by clinical examination and surgery underwent the detection of parathormone (PTH) by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and double phase 99 Tcm-MIBI parathyroid imaging,of whom 15 performed 99 TcmO-4 thyroid imaging and 8 99 Tcm-MDP bone imaging.Results The level of serum PTH in all patients (428.21±256.48) was significantly higher as compared to normal value and in cases with adenomas (781.83±194.56) was markedly elevated.The sensitivity of 99 Tcm-MIBI early and delayed phase imaging in detecting lesions of parathyroid adenomas was 84.2% and 100%,respectively.The sensitivity in detecting lesions of hyperplasia was only 33.3%.With 99 Tcm-O-4 thryoid imaging,the cold nodules were present in 2 and normality in 13.As to bone imaging,the scans were abnormal in 7.Their severities on bone scintigraph were correlated with the duration of the disease.Conclusions The level of serum PTH detected by IRMA and double phase 99 Tcm-MIBI parathyroid imaging are both sensitive methods in qualitative diagnosis and localization of hyperthyroidism.99Tcm-MIBI imaging has limited value for detecting the hyperplasia.The thyroid and bone imaging may well improve the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy,and reflect the stage and progress of hyperparathyroidism.

Objective　To investigate clinical manifestation and pathologic changes of corneal incision rupture at different stages and the cause of incision rupture after abortive trauma.Methods　Three removal eyeball obtained from RK for severe incision rupture by abortive trauma were fixed with formalin, embedded with paraffin, sected stained by HE and observed under light microscope.Results　The eyeball distorted, intraocular structure disordered and vision lost severely in 3 eyes. Epithelial plugs were found in superficial layer of stroma and Bowman's layer broke and displaced in three cases. Healing and gap of incision presented 29 days after RK in 1 case. There were incision scar, collagen disarrangement and epithelial island in deep incision more than 2 years following RK in two cases, descent's layer broke in 1 case.Conclusion　RK can weaken the eye which will rupture easily and their visual function will be disturbed severely after abortive trauma.

Objective To explore the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia. Methods The clinical data of two cases of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia in literatures were summarized. Results Two cases were diagnosed of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia and had the onset with fever. The chest X-ray showed exudative change with cystic shadow. The chest CT showed multiple cavity changes. The sputum and blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Both of them were effectively treated by vancomycin. The imaging was improved during the follow-up. Searching the database, 4 related literatures were being found, and there were totally 7 cases of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia including current 2 cases. The main features were as follows: The pathogenic bacteria in all cases include Staphylococcus aureus. One case was combined with pseudomonas aeruginosa. Six cases were community-acquired infections. All of them were non-immune deficiency newborn. Six cases were primary necrotizing pneumonia. Six cases were unilateral lung involvement. Five cases got fever, 5 cases had septicemia, 3 cases had pleural effusion, 2 cases had aerothorax, one case had bronchial chest and 2 cases had extrapulmonary infection. The C-reactive protein was increased in all cases. Three cases need mechanical ventilation. Six cases had a good prognosis. Conclusions The main pathogenic bacterium in neonatal necrotizing pneumonia was Staphylococcus aureus. The diagnosis was mainly depends on the typical imaging and pathogenic examination. The treatment is mainly the use of antibiotic for gram positive cocci.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among female immigrants at Tianhe district of Guangzhou. Methods A total of 2021 migrant women postpartum in three hospitals at Tianhe district of Guangzhou were screened with Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale , (CES-D), Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS) and self-made related factors questionnaire from May to December, 2013. Results This study showed postpartum depression affected 18.31% of migrant women at Tianhe district of Guangzhou. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation of PPD with birth place , residence time,newborn disease,fetus gender and household income (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified birth place,residence time,newborn disease,fetus gender as the risk factors for PPD,household income was negatively correlated with the incidence of PPD with OR value of 0.680;Compared with healthy female immigrants, the total score of social support rating scale,the score of objective support,subjective support and social utilization degree were significantly reduced respectively in female immigrants with PPD. Conclusion The prevalence of PPD was high at Tianhe district of Guangzhou,health education and comprehensive social support system should be offered in order to prevent PPD.

Background Refractive surgery has propelled itself forward to become widely performed surgical procedure nowadays.After the surgery,corneal biomechanics decreases lead to keratoconus and corneal ectasia.Doctors pay more attention to biomechanics changes after refractive surgeries.Objective This clinical study was to investigate the influence of different laser refractive surgeries on corneal biomechanics.Methods A prospective nonrandomized and controlled clinical study was designed.One hundred and sixty-four eyes of 82 patients with moderate myopia were enrolled.The patients were divided into sub-Bowman keratomileusis (SBK) group (60 eyes of 30 patients),laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) group (54 eyes of 27 patients) and laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) group (50 eyes of 25 patients),with the matched demography among the three groups.Corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were detected by ocular response analyzer (ORA) before and 1 week,5 months after refractive surgery.The correlations between stromal ablation depth and postoperative changing values of CH or CRF were analyzed.Results Significant differences were found in CH and CRF at different time points in the three groups (Ftime =41.90,P =0.00;Ftime =49.65,P =0.00),and the CH and CRF values were significantly lower 1 week and 5 months after surgery than those before surgery (all at P =0.00).However,no significant difference of CH or CRF was seen at all time points among the three groups (Fgroup =2.17,P =0.08;Fsroup =2.67,P =0.07).No correlation was found between corneal ablation depth and CH in 1 week and 5 months after surgery (both at R2 =0.000),however,weaker correlations were seen between corneal ablation depth and CRF 1 week and5 months after surgery (Y=3.253+ 0.010X,R2=0.007;Y=1.073+0.021 X,R2=0.004).Conclusions SBK,LASIK and LASEK lead to the change of corneal biomechanics by altering CH and CRF,they play the same influence on cornea.CRF appears to be an useful indicator in evaluating corneal biomechanical changes after laser refractive surgery.

Background Dry eye is a common disease worldwide.Cyclosporine A(CsA) is provided to be a immunosuppressive agent and is effective on dry eye.But in China,0.05％ CsA is not yet applied in dry eye treatment.Objective This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.05％ CsA eye drops in the treatment of dry eye.Methods This was a randomized,double-blind,vehicle-controlled parallel group study.Forty eyes of 40 patients with moderate to severe dry eye were randomly divided into two groups,with the corresponding treatment of 0.05％ CsA eye drops or the vehicle emulsion.The patients in both the groups received non-preserved artificial tear.Symptoms and signs were observed before administration,(7±1),(28±2),(56±3),and (84±3) days and also 14 days after withdrawal.The clinical effective rate was considered as the primary outcome.The subjective assessment of the patients including total symptom scores and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores,Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) with topical anaesthesia,tear film breakup time (BUT),rose Bengal and fluorescein staining scores were evaluated.The safety profile was evaluated by adverse events,visual acuity and ocular tolerance.Results At the end of this trial,the ocular symptoms scores,conjunctival hyperemia,BUT,S Ⅰ t and keratoconjunctiva staining scores of the two groups had statistically significant difference.The total effective rate of 0.05％ CsA treatment group was 75％ (15/20) and vehicle group was 25％ (5/20).There was a statistically significant difference between groups (P =0.000),and the 95％ confidence interval (C1) of the difference value of total effectiveness between the two groups was 30.80％-53.75％.At the end of this trial,there was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity distribution (P =0.890).No obvious discomfort was found in the patients received 0.05％ CsA eye drops.There were no adverse events during the follow-up duration.Conclusions 0.05％ CsA ophthalmic emulsion is an effective and safe treatment for dry eyes.

Objective To investigate the effect of pre-treatment of ginkgo biloba extract from portal vein on oxidative stress in liver surgery.Methods Sixty cases of hepatic portal occlusion for hepatectomy surgery in patients (38 males, 22 females, ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ, cardiac function Ⅰ or Ⅱ, Child-Pugh class A), were randomly divided into three groups (n=20 each): portal vein injection group (group P), jugular vein injection group (group J) and control group (group C).Patients in group P were injected with ginkgo biloba extract injection 5 ml slowly from portal vein after freeing the portal vein, patients in group J were injected with ginkgo biloba extract injection 5 ml slowly from the jugular vein after freeing the portal vein, while patients in group C were injected with normal saline 5 ml slowly from the jugular vein after freeing the portal vein.Venous blood samples were drawn from jugular vein at the following time points: pre-occlusion ten minutes (T0), 1 h (T1), 6 h (T2), 24 h (T3) after reperfusion respectively, and then detected the levels of ALT, AST, tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α), manlondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).Results Compared with T0, the serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α and MDA at T1-T3 were significantly increased,the activity of SOD was significantly decreased in all groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group C, serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α and MDA at T1-T3 were significantly decreased, the activity of SOD was significantly increased in groups J and P (P＜0.05).Compared with group J, serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α and MDA at T1-T3 were significantly decreased, the activity of SOD was significantly increased in group P (P＜0.05).Conclusion The pre-treatment of ginkgo biloba extract from portal vein can increase the SOD activity, inhibit the activation of Kupffer cells, reduce the release of TNF-α, enhance the ability of anti-oxidative stress and produce significant protective effect on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of pre-treatment with an Nrf2 inducer dh404 on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Thirty SD rats were divided into three groups using completely randomized digital table,dh404 was dissolved in sesame oil and was given orally 1.5 mg/kg the night before procedures and 5 hours before procedures.Rats in group Sham received no treatment of ischemic reperfusion.In group IR and group dh404,the renal ischemia reper-fusion (IR)model was established,24 hours after IR,the levels of serum creatininc (Cr)and urea ni-trogen (BUN),the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and the content of malonaldehyde (MDA)in serum were measured,and hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining observe the changes in renal structure,the levels of γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC)and modifier (GCLM)subunit, the expression of NF-κB,COX-2 and eNOS were measured.Results Compared with group Sham,the values of Cr,BUN in group IR and group dh404 were significantly higher (P <0.05).Compared to the group IR,the group dh404 Cr,BUN values significantly decreased after reperfusion for 24 h(P <0.05 ).Compared to group Sham,group IR SOD activity decreased,while the value of MDA increased(P <0.05 ).Compared to group IR,group dh404 had much higher SOD activity,while the value of MDA significantly decreased.Observed with optical microscopy,compared to group Sham, the renal tubular injury of group IR was obvious.Compared to group IR,group dh404 significantly reduced tubular injury.Compared to group IR,the levels of GCLC and modifier GCLM subunit were higher,while there were no significant differences of levels among NF-κB,COX-2 and eNOS. Conclusion Pre-treatment with an Nrf2 inducer dh404 can protect the kidney from IRI through possi-bly reducing IRI kidney oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of neutrophil S100A8/A9 in induced sputum in children with bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 108 cases of bronchial asthma patients in the FourthAffiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were involved in the study form October 2014 to October 2015. According to the severity of the disease, the patients were divided into mild group (n=40), moderate group (n=36) and severe group (n=32). Twenty health children were taken as control group at the same period. All the patients were treated with budesonide aerosol for three months, and the control group was received aerosol inhalation for normal saline (NS). The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC, FEV1%) were used to evaluate the pulmonary function in two groups. The asthma control questionnaire (AcQ-5) score was used to estimate the asthma control effects. The expression level of neutrophil S100A8/A9 mRNA in induced sputum was detected by real-time PCR. The correlation of S100A8/A9 mRNA, AcQ-5 score and FEV1%was analyzed. Results Before the treatment, the FEV1%decreased, while the AcQ-5 score and express level of S100A8/A9 mRNA significantly increased with the severity of disease (all P<0.01). Three months after treatment, asthma was completely controlled in 60 patients, partial controlled in 31 cases and uncontrolled in 17 cases. With the improvement of the therapeutic efficacy, the FEV1%significantly decreased, while the express level of S100A8/A9 mRNA significantly increased (all P < 0.01). The express level of S100A8/A9 mRNA in induced sputum neutrophils was negatively correlated with FEV1%(r=-0.327 and-0.406 respectively, P<0.05), which was positively correlated with ACQ-5 score (r=0.704 and 0.817, P<0.05). Conclusion The level of S100A8/A9 expression in induced sputum neutrophil is positively correlated with the severity of asthma, which can be used as clinical indicators of the severity and the efficacy of asthma.