Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion in rats and the relationship with endoplasmic reticulum stress.Methods Forty-five healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),limb ischemia-reperfusion group (group LIR),and sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP).Limb ischemia-reperfusion was induced by clamping bilateral femoral arteries for 3 h followed by 3 h reperfusion in LIR and SP groups.In group SP,2.5％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 30 min,and 15 min later the model was established.Before ischemia and at 3 h of reperfusion (at the corresponding time point in group S),arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis,and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) were recorded.The rats were sacrificed at 3 h of reperfusion,and lung specimens were obtained for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and total lung water content (TLW) and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes,and index of quantitative evaluation for alveolar damage (IQA) was calculated.The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) protein and mRNA in lung tissues was detected by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results Compared to group S,the PaO2was significantly decreased at 3 h of reperfusion,the W/D ratio,TLW and IQA were significantly increased,the expression of GRP78 and CHOP protein and mRNA was significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in PaCO2 in group LIR (P＞0.05).Compared to group LIR,the PaO2 was significantly increased at 3 h of reperfusion,the W/D ratio,TLW and IQA were significantly decreased,the expression of GRP78 and CHOP protein and mRNA was significantly down-regulated (P＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in PaCO2 in group SP (P＞0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can ameliorate lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion in the rats,and the mechanism is related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To investigate the association between SLCO1B1/ApoE gene polymorphisms and lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin.Methods DNA samples were extracted from blood using nano paramagnetic particle method.The SLCO1B1 521T＞C and ApoE gene polymorphisms were screened by PCR-pyrophosphate sequencing method.Totally 152 patients received rosuvastatin orally at a dose of 10 mg/d.The lipidlowering efficacy was evaluated through detecting serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level before and 8 weeks after the treatment.The incidence of myopathic adverse effect was assessed by follow-up of the occurrence of myalgia.Results The gene distribution of SLCO1B1 521T＞C was 73.7％,23.7％ and 2.6％ respectively for TT,TC and CC in 152 patients,and the distribution of ApoE gene was 65.8％,13.2％ and 21.0％ respectively for ε3/ε3,ε3/ε2 and ε4/ε3.The genotype ε4/ε4,ε2/ε2 and ε4/ε2 were not detected.After orally receiving rosuvastatin 10 mg daily for 8 weeks,the decreased LDL-C levels showed significant differences (P＜0.05) among ApoE genotype ε3/ε2,ε3/ε3 and ε4/ε3 groups,and the frequencies of myalgia showed significant differences in the three genotype groups of SLCO1B1 521T＞C (P＜0.05).Conclusion The gene polymorphism of SLCO1B1/ApoE was correlated with efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin.The combined detection of SLCO1B1/ApoE genes can be utilized to predict efficacy and risk,and then realize individualized medication.

Objective To develop a quantitative method to determine vitexin in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Methods The chromatographic conditions were as follows: column C18(250 mm? 4.6 mm, 5 ? m) , mobile phase being MeOH ∶ 1 % HAC (25 ∶ 75) for 20 mins and then being MeOH ∶ 1 % HAC (30 ∶ 70) after 20 mins, flow rate at 1.0 mL/min, and wavelength at 339 nm. Results The good linearity of this method was in the range of 0.104 4～ 0.522 ? g (r=0.999 4), and the average recovery of vitexin was 100.11 % ( RSD =0.63 % ).Conclusion The method is simple and sensitive with good stability, it can be suitable for the quality control of vitexin in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp..

Objective:To investigate the preventive and protective effects of Schisandrin B in the mice of Alzheimer's disease (AD),and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Fifty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,pasitive control group,low dose of Schisandrin B group(0.1 g·kg-1)and high dose of Schisandrin B group(0.5 g·kg-1);there were 10 mice in each group.Step-through test was conducted after last administration to detect the latencies and number of errors of the mice in various groups,and the brain tissue was taken.Congo red staining was to detect the morphology changes of cells and neuronal amyloidosis in brain tissue of the mice.The levels of ROS in brain tissue of the mice were tested by Flow Cytometry.The contents of MDA,the levels of LDH,and the activities of CAT,GSH-Px and SOD in brain tissue of the mice were tested by biochemical method.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of signaling pathway proteins Nrf2 and Keap1 in brain tissue of the mice.Results:Compared with model group,the latencies of the mice in low and high dose of Schisandrin B groups were increased (P<0.01) and the number of errors in step-through tests was decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The Congo red staining results showed that compared with model group,the neuronal amyloidosis in brain tissue of the mice in Schisandrin B groups was decreased significantly.Compared with model group,the levels of ROS,LDH and the contents of MDA in brain tissue of the mice in low and high doses of Schisandrin B groups were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the activities of CAT,SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.01).Compared with low dose of Schisandrin B group,the content of MDA and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in brain tissue of the mice in high dose of Schisandrin B group were increased (P<0.001).Compared with model group,the expression level of Nrf2 protein in brain tissue of the mice in low dose of Schisandrin B group was increased (P<0.01),while the expression level of Nrf2 protein in brain tissue of the mice in high dose of Schisandrin B group was decreased (P<0.01);the expression levels of Keap1 protein in brain tissue of the mice in low and high doses of Schisandrin B groups was decreased (P<0.01).Conclusion:Schisandrin B could decrease the level of peroxidation in brain tissue of the mice and reduce the oxidative damage and improve the memory function of the AD mice.The mechanism is related to the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway which improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Objective To observe the electronic physiological mechanism of Low Resistance Thought Induction Psychotherapy (TIP) on depression.Methods 48 patients with depression were randomly divided into TIP group and Citalopram group.The observation period was 6 months.The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD) was used to evaluate the efficacy,and Polysomnogram(PSG)was used to evaluate the electronic physiological mechanism.Results TIP had efficacy on reducing numbers of wake [before treatment (3.92±3.24),after treatment (2.38± 1.21),P＜0.05]、REM time [before treatment (86.75 ±28.29),after treatment (63.19±28.11),P＜0.01]、REM％ [before treatment (23.89±6.84),after treatment (16.16±6.36),P＜0.01].Citalopram had efficacy on increasing Sleep time [before treatment (350.52±50.71),after treatment (388.58±43.89),P＜0.01]、number of REM [before treatment (3.71±2.87),after treatment (5.17±5.58),P＜0.05]、S3+4 [before treatment (35.79±32.76),after treatment (56.77±34.21),P ＜0.05]、S3 +4％ [before treatment (10.13 ± 9.20),after treatment (14.53 ± 8.66),P＜0.05]、REM time [before treatment (66.39±29.22),after treatment(78.61 ±30.19),P＜0.05].TIP had superior to Citaloprarn on regulating numbers of wake and REM time.Conclusions Electronic physiological mechanism of TIP treating depression is to regulat numbers of wake,REM time,REM％.

Objective This study targeted on 298 newly employed staff in Guang'anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,who had finished the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).A retrospective study has been approached to investigate the mental states of the new employers in the Chinese comprehensive hospital.Methods SPSS statistics software 11.5 was used to do descriptive statistical analysis.Results Scores of all factors show no difference compared to the various norm groups studied.Most of the new employers represent calm and gentle personalities.They are confident,optimistic,independent,gentle,kind,decent,rational and objective,have self-control and self-discipline,barely have no doubt about their physical health,trust others; they are mature,able to maintain good interpersonal relationships and to adapt external pressure; they do not harm themselves psychologically; they are calm,stable and pragmatic.Conclusion Subjects are somehow over reporting or exaggerating the prevalence of being nice,which could be subconscious or intentional.However,this does not have impacts on reliability and validity.MMPI is a relatively comprehensive psychometric scale for employment.

Aim To compare the cytotoxicity of geni-poside (GS)and its metabolite genipin (GP)on hu-man hepatocelluar HepG2 cells and explore the sub-stance and mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by Fructus Gardeniae.Methods The cytotoxic effect of GS and GP was analyzed by MTT method;the antioxi-dant enzyme activities of manganese superoxide dis-mutase (Mn-SOD),catalase (CAT)and levels of glu-tathione (GSH)were detected by respective kits;the change of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS ) was measured by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA)staining method;multiparameter cytotox-icity analysis (cell loss,nuclear size and morphologi-cal changes,DNA content,cell membrane permeabili-ty,mitochondrial membrane potential changes,cyto-chrome C release ) were measured simultaneously by high content screening (HCS)assays.Results No cytotoxicity was found in GS (20~1 000 μmol·L-1 ) groups (P>0.05 ),but GP was found to exert obvi-ous cytotoxic effect,and 50μmol·L-1 GP could obvi-ously inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation (P<0.05 ),and the IC50 value was (450.00 ±26.15)μmol·L-1;GS showed no obvious effects on Mn-SOD, CAT, GSH ,ROS (P >0. 0 5 ),GP could significantly decrease the activity of Mn-SOD,CAT and the level of GSH,and obviously increase the content of ROS (P<0.05 or P <0.01 );treatment with 50,500,1 000μmol·L-1 GP resulted in loss of mitochondrial mem-brane potential,cytochrome C release and increased cell permeability (P<0.05 or P<0.01),500,1 000μmol· L-1 GP could also show abvious nuclear con-densation,increased total nuclear intensity and cell loss (P<0.0 1 ).Opposed with GP,GS had no signif-icant effect on the cytotoxic parameters (P>0.05 ). Conclusion GP is the direct substance of hepatotox-icity induced by Fructus Gardeniae,and the mecha-nism might be associated with oxidative stress,mito-chondria injury and apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the correlations between CT features and histopathologic subtypes of lung adenocarcinomas presenting as pure ground-glass nodules (pGGN) of 1 cm or less in maximal diameter. Methods CT appearances, pathology and clinical data of 95 patients (97 lesions) who underwent curative resection of lung adenocarcinomas presenting as pGGN≤1 cm in diameter from March 2011 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 97 lung adenocarcinomas, there were 19 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) (19.6%), 31 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (31.9%), 19 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) (19.6%) and 28 invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma (IPA) (28.9%). Fifty (51.5%) were preinvasive (AAH+AIS) and 47 (48.5%) were invasive (MIA+IPA). Lesion size and density were compared among pathologic subtypes using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Lesion size were compared between preinvasive and invasive lesions using 2?independent samples t?test. Lesion location, presence of bubble?like sign, air bronchogram, vessel changes, margin, and tumor?lung interface were compared among histopathologic subtypes using chi?square test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the cut-off point of size in discriminating preinvasive lesions from invasive lesions. Results Of the 97 lesions, there were no statistically significant differences among histopathologic subtypes in terms of lesion density, presence of bubble?like sign, air?bronchogram, and margin (P>0.05). Mean size of AAH, AIS, MIA and IPA was (0.72 ± 0.19), (0.82 ± 0.14), (0.84 ± 0.11) and (0.85 ± 0.16) cm respectively. There were statistically significant differences among histopathologic subtypes in terms of lesion size (F=3.16, P=0.028). The vessel changes occurred in 2 of AAH, 11 of AIS, 10 of MIA and 17 of IPA. There were statistically significant differences among histopathologic subtypes in terms of vessel changes (χ2=13.22, P=0.004). Lesions with clear tumor?lung interface were in 10 of AAH, 24 of AIS, 17 of MIA, and 26 of IPA. There were statistically significant differences among histopathologic subtypes in terms of tumor?lung interface (χ2=12.67, P=0.005). The optimal cutoff value of lesion size for differentiating preinvasive lesions from invasive lesions was 0.82 cm (sensitivity, 61.7%;specificity, 62.0%). Conclusion Lesion size, vessel changes, and lung?tumor interface may indicate the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma presenting as pGGNs of≤1 cm in diameter.

There are many discussions and researches on the positive role of security and negative role of insecurity. However, from the view of biology and evolution, insecurity should be exist when people were born. It makes human to think, then produce relevant behaviors. Just these thinking and behaviors produce culture, maintain psychological individual balance and realize personal value.

AIM:To improve the quality standard of Fuke Yangkun Pill. METHODS: Fructus Viticis was(identified) by micrology,Radix Angelica sinensis,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Rhizoma Cyperi,Radix Aucklandiae,Rhizoma Corydalis,Radix Rehmanniae,Radix Rehmanniae preparata,Radix Paeoniae alba,Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae,Fructus Amomi were identified by TLC,baicalin content was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The TLC spots were fairly clear and distinguishable,the linear range of baicalin was within 3.28-131.2 ?g/mL.The average recovery was 100.4% with RSD 1.0%(n=6). CONCLUSION: The method is simple,and specific,and can be used for quality control of Fuke Yangkun Pill.