Objective To observe the effect of extract of Coprinus comatus on small intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying function in mice.Methods Effect of extract of Coprinus comatus at different doses on small intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying function was observed in normal mice,neostigmine-load mice and epinephrine-load mice by charcoal powder method and by modified phenol red method respectively.Results The small intestinal propulsion of normal mice was promoted by the extract of Coprinus comatus at the doses of 3.0,6.0,9.0 and 12.0 g/kg,and the gastric emptying function of normal mice was promoted by the extract of Coprinus comatus at the doses of 1.5,3.0,6.0,9.0 and 12.0 g/kg,the difference being significant as compared with the normal group (P

Objective To explore the correlation between resistins rs2161490and rs1423096 genotype with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)in Guangdong.Methods Collected 178 blood of newly diagnosed T2DM in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2015 to November 2015 as the patient group and 192 blood of healthy physi-cal examination as the control group.Analysis of the two groups of gene distribution frequency was to reach the genetic equi-librium,comparative two gene loci frequencies of resistin rs2161490 and rs1423096 in case group and control group was sta-tistically significant,and compared the distribution frequency of rs2161490 locus T→C and rs1423096 locus A→G between the patient group and the control group.Then made a logistic regression analysis:analysing the risk two loci each genotype of resistin rs2161490 and rs1423096 to T2DM,adjust of the gender and age,and the changes of the risk of the two variables. Comparative blood lipids biochemical indexes between case group and the control group,mode the correlation analysis be-tween TG,CHOL,HDL-C and LDL-C levels of serum lipids in patients with rs2161490 and rs1423096 each genotypewere performed.Results The sample was consistent with Weinberg Hardy’s law of inheritance,which was representative of the population,comparing two gene loci frequency of resistin rs2161490 and rs1423096 of case group and control group:com-parinng CT,TT,CC of rs2161490 genotype,there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.834,>0.05),and com-parinng AA,AG,GG of rs2161490 genotype,there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.960,>0.05).Each gen-otypes with T2DM risk analysis,there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Adjusting the risk change after the two variables,gender and age,there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05);TG,CHOL,HDL-C and LDL-C in each of the genes expression levels correlation analysis,there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).Con-clusion Analysis results showed that the frequency of two loci all genotypes in the case group and control group were no statistical significance (P>0.05).The risk of two loci gene type of rs2161490 with rs1423096 and type 2 diabetes were be-fore and after the covariate adjustment had no statistical significance (P>0.05 ).Each genotype of rs2161490 with rs1423096 and lipid levels had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Thus infer that two genotypes is not risk for type 2 dia-betes genes in guangdong area.

Surgery remains an important therapeutic method for localized esophageal cancer, but the 5?year survival rate of patients undergoing surgical resection alone is only 20%?25%. Early studies show that postoperative radiotherapy reduced regional recurrence rate, but did not increase the survival rate. Most recent studies show that stage Ⅲ or lymph node?positive patients can obtain survival benefit from postoperative radiotherapy, and patients in pT2?3 N0 M0 stage may also benefit from postoperative radiotherapy. The recommended radiotherapy target volumes include bilateral supraclavicular areas, superior mediastinum, subcarinal area, and tumor bed. It is recommended in most studies that regional lymph nodes in the upper abdomen should be included in patients with lower?segment lesions. The locally advanced patients may benefit more from postoperative radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. The significance of postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, target volume design, and combined chemotherapy need individualized consideration and more clinical evidence.

Surgical navigation system is a system that processes medical images by computer graphics and image processing technique, reconstructs 2D or 3D medical image models. It builds a real-time loop among the eyes of doctor, the surgical device and the head of patient by several of space localization technique, so that to realize displaying the localization of surgical devices real-time. The history and research status of surgical navigation system is summarized and the system configuration and the key techniques are expatiated emphatically in this paper. The key techniques include localization in space, image processing and displaying technique, system registration technique and head location technique. At last the progress direction of navigation systems is given.
Computer Graphics ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neuronavigation ; methods ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods

Objective CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, plays an important role in tumor growth and glycolysis.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neutralizing CD44 antibodies on the growth and glycolytic metabolism of B16 cells in melanoma in vitro.Methods B16 cells were treated with control antibodies (50 μg/mL) or different concentrations of CD44 antibodies (2, 10, and 50 μg/mL) for 24 hours, followed by examination of the activation of the AKT pathway in the B16 cells by Western blot.Then the tumor cells were also treated with control antibodies (50 μg/mL) or CD44 antibodies (50μg/mL) after pretreated with API-2 (4 μmol/L) in a parallel test.After 48 hours of treatment, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in the B16 cells and the level of lactate in the culture supernatant were detected by immunofluorescence and colorimetry, respectively.Lastly, the B16 cells were treated with control antibodies (50μg/mL), API-2 (4 μmol/L), CD44 antibodies (50μg/mL), or API-2 + CD44 antibodies for 96 hours, followed by measurement of the proliferation of the cells by MTT and their apoptosis by AO/EB and AnnexinV staining.Results In comparison with the control antibody group, the level of AKT phosphorylation (p-AKT) in the B16 cells showed a concentration-dependent increase in the 2, 10, and 50 μg/mL CD44 antibody groups (1.00±0.25 vs 2.51±0.32, 3.89±0.46, and 4.07±0.42, P<0.01), and the expression of LDHA was increased by (2.13±0.24) times, with the lactate level in the culture supernatant significantly elevated from (35.32±3.24) to (56.34±8.19) mmol/L (P<0.01) after 96 hours of treatment with 50 μg/mL CD44 antibodies.Treatment with API-2+CD44 antibodies, however, suppressed the increase in the LDHA expression and reduced the level of lactate.Compared with the control antibody group, the proliferation rate of the B16 cells was markedly decreased in the API-2, CD44 antibody, and API-2+CD44 antibody groups ([103±12.91] vs [84.87±19.35], [71.35±16.23], and [41.16±9.15]%, P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate remarkably increased ([5.23±0.96] vs [13.65±4.27], [19.21±3.53], and [43.21±7.87]%, P<0.01).Conclusion Neutralizing the function of CD44 in the B16 cells in vitro can inhibit the growth of the cells and promote AKT-mediated glycolytic metabolism, while suppressing the AKT pathway may enhance the antitumor activity of the CD44 antibody.

We searched for metastasis-related genes in adenoid cystic carcinoma by suppression subtractive hybridization analysis of high and low metastasis cell lines. Twelve genes (ten previously identified and two novel sequences) were identified as being expressed at lower levels in high metastasis cell line Acc-M when compared to low metastasis cell line Acc-2. The known sequences corresponded to the genes for cysteine-rich angiogenesis induction factor (cyr61), chromosome 7 RP11-52501 clone, G-protein, WAS familial ferritin I heavy chain, jumping translocation breakpoint, eukaryotic translation elongation, folate receptor and three ribosomal proteins. Among them, the G protein and ferritin I heavy chain genes contained mutations in the high metastasis cell line. The two novel gene sequences have been named ACC metastasis-associated RNH and ACC metastasis-associated suspected protein (GenBank # AF522024 and AF522025, respectively). Taken together, these results suggest that reduced expression and/or mutation of several genes in the tumor cell line Acc-M are associated with high tumor metastasis, providing important molecular biological materials for further study of metastasis control and possible targets for cancer gene therapy.
Blotting, Northern ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/*genetics/secondary ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Human ; In Vitro ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured