Objective Improve sugar coating and finished product stability to be fit for users. Method Adopt new technology of film coating to substitute for sugar coating. Result The finished products which adopt the film coating technology are better to resolve original questions there are some spots on finished products surface and are not fit for some people to use. Reduce dosage of anti-activities and shorten disintegration time, improve products quantity and stability. Conclusion The film coating method is simple and ideal, which is good for application.

The coadsorption behavior of two complementary DNA bases,adenine(A) and thymine(T),was studied on Au(111) electrode by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy ( ECSTM) in aqueous solution. From the CVs,the coadsorption behavior of A and T was more closed to the adsorption behavior of A. In the potential range of physisorption,high- resolution ECSTM images of revealed that a new super-structure was formed by the hydrogen bonds between A and T. A molecular model of the super-structure was proposed based on the STM results and the possible hydrogen bonds between A and T.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the response of spinal cord to pain stimulation induced by intraplantar injection of formalin Methods Thirty SD rats of both sexes weighing 200 250g were randomly divided into six groups Pain stimulation was produced by subcutaneous injection of formalin (2 5%100?l) into the plantar region of unilateral front paw Group F received intraplantar injection of formalin only (n=6);group FP received intraperitoneal propofol 100?g?kg -1 10min after formalin injection (n=6); group PF received formalin injection 10min after intraperitoneal propofol 100?g?kg -1 (n=6); group P received intraperitoneal propofol 100?g?kg -1 only; group FS received intraperitoneal normal saline 10ml?kg -1 10min after formalin injection; and group S received intraperitoneal normal saline 10ml?kg -1 only 1 h after last injection (intraperitoneal or intraplantar) the animals were anesthetized and cervical spinal cord (where sensory nerves from front paw enter) was removed and sliced and examined for fos expression in the spinal cord using fos immunohistochemistry technique Results After formalin injection large numbers of fos like immunoreactive neurons (FLINs) were found in the ipsilateral dorsal horn Most of FLINs were confined to the medial part of outer area of laminal I and II Intraperitoneal propofol injected either before or after formalin stimulation significantly suppressed fos expression in all laminal (P

BACKGROUND:Low concentration of nicotine promotes the angiogenesis and facilitates the healing of skin wounds. However, the role of low concentration of nicotine on the repair of maxil ofacial soft tissue trauma especial y oral mucosa stil remains unclear
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of low concentration of nicotine on mucosa defect repair of rat hard palate.
METHODS:A circular soft tissue defect at 3 mm diameter was produced in the centre of hard palate of 65 Wistar rats. After the operation, animals were randomly divided into low concentration of nicotine with gel group, gel group and control group. Rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days post-surgery. The wound healing was detected with hematoxylin-eosin staining and the difference of wound healing in different groups was compared with gross observation and image measurement.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in the wound healing in different groups on day 3 post-surgery. On days 7 and 10, the group of low concentrations of nicotine with gel was faster than gel group and control group (P<0.05);the wounds were completely healed on day 14, with no significant difference among the groups. Low concentrations of nicotine may promote the mucosa defects repair of rat hard palate.

ObjectiveTo study MRI features and pathologic basis of various periosteal changes in rabbit VX2 bone tumor and to evaluate the role of MRI in the change of periosteum in bone tumor. MethodsBone tumor models were induced by injection of VX2 carcinoma cell suspension into the medullary cavitv of right tibias in 32 rabbits.Thirty-six positive contrast cases and 4 negative contrast cases were established.Serial plain films and MRI examinations were performed at an interval of 5 days foliowing the implantation.Every 4 rabbits were sacrificed immediately after imaging. The findings of periosteal changes were compared between imaging features and pathologic Results . ResultsFrom the 5th to 15th day after implantation of VX2 carcinoma,periosteal edema was demonstrated in 32 tibias. On the 20th day,periosteal thickening Was revealed in 19 tibias. On the 25th day,periosteal new bone with the thickened periosteum attaching to its outer Surface was found in 12 tibias. On the 30th day,periosteal new bone with the thickened Deriosteum were elevated by the tumor in 11 tibias.On the 35th to 40th day,destruction of periosteal bone and periosteum were revealed.ConclusionsThe progress of periosteal changes in rabbit VX2 bone tumor included periosteal edema,periosteal thickening,periosteal new bone,destruction of periosteal new bone and destruction of periosteum. Various periosteal changes could be demonstrated on MRI and MRI is useful in evaluating periosteal changes.

Objective To evaluate the effect of red light irradiation on serum phosphorus reduction in hemodialysis.Methods Sixty maintenance hemodialysis patients were divided into treatment group and control group.During the hemodialysis,the blood in the extracorporeal circulation tube of the patents in the treatment group was irradiated with red light by a MRX-1 red light therapy system.The irradiation was continued for 60 minutes each time,and one course of the treatment contained 10 times of irradiations.Patients in the control group were subjected to hemodialysis by conventional methods.The serum phosphate levels of all patients were measured before and after the treatment.Results The symptoms of dialysis disequilibrium of the patients in the treatment group were alleviated.There was no significant difference in serum phosphate levels between the treatment group and the control group before hemodialysis,while a statistically significant difference was found after the treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions Hemodialysis combined with red light irradiation on external blood trails can contribute to the decrease of serum phosphate levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum tumor markers and the severity of silicosis.Methods Retrospective study.Total of 160 patients with silicosis were included in the study, and 160 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.Tumor marker levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and serum were detected by the immunochemiluminecence methods.The pulmonary function parameters, blood gas analysis and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were also analyzed.Lung tissue obtained by a patient with silicosis was stained by neuron specific enolase(NSE), carbohydrate antigen125(CA125) and carbohydrate antigen19-9(CA19-9).Results Serum NSE, CA125 and CA19-9 levels were significantly higher in cases than those in controls[(34.47±13.30)μg/L vs(10.24±7.20)μg/L,t=20.27, P<0.000 1;(33.96±17.80)kU/L vs(12.23±15.30)kU/L, t=11.71, P<0.000 1;(4.68±5.67)kU/L vs(2.78±3.45)kU/L,t=3.67,P<0.002].Significant negative correlations were found between values of tumor markers(CA125 and CA19-9) and spirometric parameters,such as forced expiratory volume in one second %(FVE1%), forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity(FVE1/FVC), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (Dlco) and total lung capacity(TLC) (r=-0.423,P=0.001;r=-0.323,P=0.011;r=-0.479,P=0.001;r=-0.285,P=0.043) and (r=-0.324,P=0.022;r=-0.256,P=0.023;r=-0.354,P=0.013;r=-0.356,P=0.012).Significant positive correlations were also observed between values of these tumor markers and LDH(r=0.378,P=0.001 and r=0.347,P=0.21).Significant negative correlations were found between NSE and Dlco and TLC(r=-0.374,P=0.004 and r=-0.368,P=0.002).Significant positive correlations were also observed between NSE and LDH(r=0.404,P=0.001).The NSE and CA19-9 levels in BALF were significantly higher than those in serum[(39.32±29.30)μg/L vs(25.7±12.12)μg/L,t=2.15,P=0.036;(21.36±12.11)kU/L vs(11.28±10.78)kU/L, t=2.64,P=0.012].Patients experienced a decrease in NSE and CA19-9 concentrations following whole lung lavage[(39.20±10.24)μg/L vs(15.32±8.35)μg/L,t=8.02,P<0.05;(26.24±12.23)kU/L vs(18.84±5.64)kU/L,t=2.46,P<0.05].Immunohistochemical studies showed positive NSE and CA19-9 staining in lung biopsy specimen.Conclusion Elevated serum tumor markers including NSE, CA125 and CA19-9 would provide valuable clinical information to assess disease severity in silicosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of imaging parameters and postprocessing methods on the quality of MR imaging of short T2 components with 3D ultrashort TE (UTE) double echo pulse sequence. Methods 3D UTE double echo pulse sequence was performed on dry human femoral specimen and the tibial diaphyses, knee joints, and tendons of ankles of a group of healthy volunteers. To investigate the effect of different trajectory delays of the imaging system(-6, -3, -2, - 1,0, 1,2, 3 s), different flip angles(4°, 8°, 12°, 16°, 20°, 24°), different TEs (0. 08, 0. 16, 0. 24, 0. 35 ms)and different postprocessing methods(difference imaging of subtracted volume and non-volume UTE)on the 3D UTE MR imaging quality, the SNR and CNR were calculated and compared, and the artifacts of the images were analysed. Results The cortical bone, periosteum, tendon and meniscus showed high signal intensity on the images of UTE pulse sequence. The best SNR was acquired with 2 s trajectory delay. The best flip angle was 8° to 12° for the human UTE imaging in vivo. The highest CNR was obtained from the TE of 0. 08 ms. The longer the TE was, the more artifacts appeared. The SNR of difference imagewas improved when image subtraction was performed afer multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) of the primary double echo images.Conclusions The short T2 components show high signal intensity on the MRI of 3D UTE double echo pulse sequence. The imaging quality can be improved by shortening TE, using appropriate flip angle and performing subtraction for difference image after MPR of the primary double echo images.

Objective Streptococcus sanguis is a possible candidate bacterium for the caries replacement therapy, which has no advantages in the acidic environment.The aim of the study was to construct acid-resistant strains of Streptococcus sanguis, determine its acid tolerance, and explore the mechanism of its antagonism against Sterptococcus mutans.Methods By gradually reducing the pH value of the medium, we constructed acid-resistant strains of Streptococcus sanguis, observed their growth and measured their acid tolerance according to their survival rate against lethal pH.We evaluated the competitive relationship between Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans by plate experiment and detected the changes of related acid resistance genes by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The growth of Streptococcus sanguis and its acid-resistant strains were limited by the pH value, and that of Streptococcus sanguis was better in either acidic or normal environment.The lethal pH value of Streptococcus sanguis was 3.6, that of its acid-resistant strains was 2.3, and the survival rate of the acid-resistant strains was 66.59% in the pH 3.6 environment.In comparison, the lethal pH value of Streptococcus mutans was 2.5, that of its acid-resistant strains was 2.1, and the survival rate of the acid-resistant strains was 2.55% in the pH 2.5 environment.In the presence of chloramphenicol, the acid-resistant strains could not survive in the original lethal pH.In the sub-lethal pH environment, the expressions of the acid resistance-related genes Groel and Dnak in the acid-resistant strains were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in the original Streptococcus sanguis (P<0.05).Conclusion Streptococcus sanguis has an acid adaptability and can enhance acid resistance in the sub-lethal pH environment.Acid-resistant Streptococcus sanguis in the replacement therapy may provide some new ideas for the treatment of dental caries.

Chlorella is nutritious and has been used as a functional food much earlier than the other microalgae. C. pyrenoidosa, the potential microalgae which is currently cultured and developed for the new strategic industry of biofuels production and biological CO2 fixation, is a new resource food announced by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China late 2012. Accumulation of high value-added substances in C. pyrenoidosa during the cultivation for lipid makes it possible to reduce the costs for C. pyrenoidosa-based biofuels production. Among these potential substances, hot water extract of Chlorella (CE), commercially known as "Chlorella growth factor", is the unique one that makes Chlorella more precious than the other algae, and the market price of CE is high. It is believed that CE is effective in growth promotion and immunoregulation. However, there is no systematic analysis on the research status of CE and its bioactivity. The present report summarized recent research progress of CE and its bioactivity. Generally, besides the main effect on immunoregulation and tumor inhibition, CE was efficient in improving metabolic syndrome, scavenging for free radicals, protecting against ultraviolet damage, chelating heavy metals, and protecting liver and bowel. Several major challenges in CE research as well as its prospects were also analysed in the present report.
Biofuels ; Chlorella ; chemistry ; Humans ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Water