Objective To study the influence of echinococcus multilocularis(Em) infection on the immunology state and the allograft heart survival in the infected rats.Methods SD-to-Wistar(allograft) heart transplantation models were established to observe the influence of the disturbed(immune) system in Em infected rat on the heart graft.Sixteen healthy SD rats,8 healthy Wistar rats and 8 Em infected rats were used in the study.Animals were randomly divided into:(1) control group:SD-to-healthy Wistar rats(n=8) and(2) Em infection group:SD-to-Em infected Wistar rat(n=8).The(allograft) heart transplantation was performed by anastomosis of the donor heart of SD rats into the cervices of the Wistar rats.All the agents were administrated orally q.d.Graft samples were harvested for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical study.IL-4 and IFN-? in peripheral blood were assessed.CD4~(+),CD8~(+)and CD15Tc infiltration in the graft was detected.Results The mean survival time of the grafts in Em infected rats was 11.63?6.02 days and 6.00?0.53 days in no-infected rats respectively with the difference being significant(P

Objective By analyzing 2 560 echinococcosis cases through telemedicine,to explore a new mode for preventing,diagnosing,and treating of echinococcosis.Method From January 2009 to December 2013 in our hospital through remote medical care and consulting we analyzed cases and conducted statistics on consultation's person time,location difference,spectrum of disease and upward referral rate as well as the cost of hospitalization.Result (1) The amount of consultation rose from 182 cases in 2009 to 873 cases in 2013.(2) The proportion of consultation from northern Xinjiang is about 83％-91％,obviously higher than that from south Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang,which fits those areas mainly with the economical character of the husbandry.(3) Most consultation cases are echinococcosis (99.42％) followed by echinococcosis (0.24％),pelvic cystic echinococcosis (0.19％),cerebral echinococcosis (0.12％),and cardiac echinococcosis (0.03％).(4) Upward referral rate is nearly 7.97％ and about 92.03％ patients were treated in local community hospitals saving medical care budget by RMB 14.78 million.Conclusions Use and establishment of the three level network system for preventing,diagnosing,and treating the echinococcosis by telemedicine effectively enhances primary hospital's ability in the care of these patients and alleviates patients economical burden.

Objective To evaluate the clinical pathway (CP) for treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis.Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from hospitalized patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) who were treated surgically between April 2011 to December 2012.Patient treated with the clinical pathway (the CP group) were compared with patients who were treated with conventional treatment (the non-CP group).The following outcomes were compared:the average length of in-hospital stay,the hospital charges,patient's satisfaction,patient's knowledge about his/ her own health and postoperative complications.Results For the CP groups,the length of in-hospital stay,the hospital charges,the patient's satisfaction and the health knowledge for the patients were (10.25±1.26)d,(19600.25±1520.73) yuan,(46.4 5±2.14),(83.50±8.02),respectively.The corresponding figures for the non-CP group were (14.25 ± 1.50) d,(23931.25 ± 1629.17) yuan,(42.65 ± 1.93),(74.50 ± 12.60),respectively.There were significant differences between the 2 groups (t=-4.086,-4.074,8.351,3.811 ; P＜0.05).The postoperative complications,including bile leakage,bleeding,ascites and pleural effusion,were 2,0,2 cases in the CP group,and 0,4,5 cases in the non-CP group.There were no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.17,0,0.6; P＞0.05).Conclusion Our initial clinical experience showed that the clinical pathway decreased the length of in-hospital stay and hospital charges,and provided quality and efficient clinical services to patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis.

Objective To compare the efficacy of radical and quasi-radical hepatectomy for the treatment of end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE)with involvement of major blood vessels and viscera.Methods The clinical data of 41 patients with end-stage HAE who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2002 to January 2010.All patients were divided into radical hepatectomy group (13 patients)and quasi-radical hepatectomy group(28 patients)according to whether blood vessels were reconstructed and repaired.The operation time,blood loss,length of hospital stay,recurrence and metastasis of HAE,pleural effusion,ascites,biliary complications and death between the 2 groups were compared.All data were analyzed by using the t test or chi-square test.Results The volume of blood loss,length of hospital stay,number of patients with recurrence and metastasis of HAE,obstructive jaundice and number of dead patients were(326 ±115)ml,(22 ± 18)days,0,0,and 0 in the radical hepatectomy group,and were(24 ± 20)ml,(15 ± 12)days,10,10 and 10 in the quasi-radical hepatectomy group,there were significant differences between the 2 groups(t =13.41,1.47;x2 = 4.36,4.36,4.36,P ＜ 0.05).The operation time,number of patients with pleural effusion and ascites,bile leakage,cholangitis and number of patients died perioperatively were(407 ± 146)minutes,4,0,1 and 1 in the radical hepatectomy group,and(263 ± 93)minutes,2,2,2 and 1 in the quasi-radical hepatectomy group,there were no significant differences between the 2 groups(t = 3.81;x2 = 2.30,0.04,0.34,0.04,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Radical hepatectomy should be the first choice when construction of infringed vessels can be achieved.Quasi-radical hepatectomy has lower operation risks for avoiding important vessels injury.

Objective To review our experience in treatment of liver hydatid diease.Methods The data of 819 patients who underwent surgery for hepatic hydatid disease were reviewed retrospectively.Exploration of common bile duct was done in 172 cases.There were men 95 and women 77with a mean age of 31.5±0.5 years.In addition to treatment of the cyst cavity,patients was divided into two groups.The patients in group A received cholangiography and exploration of common bile duct through cystic duct while those in group B underwent cholangiography and common bile duct ex-pioration through T tube.Results The length of hospital stay and cavity-related problems for both groups had no significant difference.Biliary tract-related problems in two groups had significant differ-ence.Conclusion Cholangiography and common bile duct exploration through cystic duct can com-pletely solve the cavity-related problems while avoiding T-tube related problems.

Objective To analyze the use of multidisciplinary team approach (MDT) for advanced and refractory hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in individualized treatment.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the use of multidisciplinary team approach in individualized diagnosis and treatment for 137 patients with advanced and refractory hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (with invasion of major blood vessels and bile ducts,and/or with lung and brain metastasis) in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2013.The patients were divided into two groups:The MDT group (n =49) and the non-MDT group (n =88).The MDT group was further divided into two subgroups:subgroup A was the surgical treatment group (n =26),and subgroup B was the non-surgical treatment group (n =26).In the subgroup B,13 patients underwent late radical surgery.The non-MDT group was also further divided into two subgroups:subgroup a was the surgical treatment group (n =61),and subgroup b was the non-surgical treatment group (n =27).In subgroup b,5 patients underwent late radical surgery.The time taken to confirm the diagnosis,perioperative hospital stay,operation time,blood loss,postoperative drainage time,postoperative hospital stay,early postoperative complications (pleural and peritoneal effusions,bile leak,anastomotic leak),late postoperative complications (jaundice,anastomotic stenosis,recurrence),and rates of radical surgery were compared between subgroup A and subgroup a.The rates of late radical resection were compared between subgroup B with subgroup b.All data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney rank sum test or the Chi-square test.Results Subgroup A had significantly shorter perioperative hospital stay,postoperative hospital stay,and total length of hospital stay than subgroup a (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of late postoperative complications (jaundice,anastomotic stenosis,recurrence) was also significantly less than subgroup a (P ＜ 0.05),and the radical surgery rate was significantly higher than subgroup a (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the time taken to confirm the diagnosis,operation time,blood loss,postoperative drainage time,early postoperative complications (pleural and peritoneal effusions,bile leak,anastomotic leak) (P ＜ 0.05) between subgroup A and subgroup a.The ratio of subgroup B receiving chemotherapy alone or drainage + chemotherapy,and the rate of late implement of radical resection were significantly higher than subgroup b (P ＜0.05).Conclusions A multidisciplinary team approach in individualized treatment comprehensively combined the advantages of the effects of drugs,intervention,surgery and systemic nutritional support.The best individualized treatment plan could be used which improved the rates of radical surgery in advanced and refractory hepatic alveolar echinococcosis,reduced postoperative complications,improved quality of life,and offered chances of radical resection in the patients who had lost the opportunities for surgery.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of different treatment methods for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis combined with obstructive jaundice.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the diagnosis and treatment of 55 patients with end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis combined with obstructive jaundice managed from January 2000 to January 2013 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment options:group A,the palliative surgery group (n =38,69.1％) using palliative resection and biliary decompression ; and group B,the interventional group (n =17,30.9％) using percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD).We analyzd the general data,preoperative and postoperative liver function,operation time,blood loss,average hospital stay,duration of postoperative tube drainage of abscess cavity,degree of lesion with invasion into the first porta hepatis,progressive lesion,continuous invasion and/or distant metastasis,biliary complications,mortality,and cumulative survival rates.The t-test or t'-test was used to analyze continuous data and the chi-square test was used to analyze categorical data.Parallel log rank test and Kaplan-meier method were used to calculate survival rates in survival analysis.Results When compared with group B,group A had significantly longer operative time,more blood loss,and longer average hospital stay (P ＜0.05).The postoperative total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase were significantly higher than in group B (P ＜0.05).The level of post operative albumin was lower in group A than in group B.The two groups of patients (A and B) had similar background including general data (gender,age,nation),preoperative liver function,duration of postoperative tube-drainage of abscess cavity,degree of lesion-invasion into first porta hepa tis,progressive lesion-invasion and/or distant metastasis,biliary complications,mortality,cumulative survival rates and survival curves.Conclusions Interventional treatment is an effective treatment for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis combined with obstructive jaundice.It has the advantages of minimal invasiveness,simplicity,safety and repeatability.It may replace traditional palliative surgery in the future.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of radical versus conservative surgery for hydatid liver cysts.Methods The Pubmed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedicine Database, CNKI, Wan Fang Databases, VIP Databases, Chinese scientific and technical journals full-text database and Chinese Journal of full text database were searched for randomized clinical trials or none-randomized clinical trials from January 2000 to January 2015.A Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan5.1.Results 10 studies with 2 123 patients were included into the final analysis.Meta-analysis demonstrated that the radical group was significantly longer in operation time [weighted mean difference (WMD) =25.11;95％ CI: 16.18-34.05;P ＜ 0.05], was significantly shorter in the length of hospital stay (WMD =-3.94;95％CI:-7.57-0.32;P ＜0.05), was significantly lower in the incidence of bile leak (OR =0.19;95％ CI: 0.07-0.49;P ＜ 0.05), was significantly lower in the incidence of residual cavity infection (OR =0.08;95 ％ CI: 0.04-0.15;P ＜ 0.05), and in the incidence of local recurrence (OR =0.10;95 ％ CI: 0.05-0.18;P ＜ 0.05) when compared with the conservative surgery group.Conclusions For hydatid liver cysts, radical surgical procedures had significantly lower rates of complications and recurrence.Thus, they are better treatments for hepatic cystic echinococcosis.

Objective To explore the efficacy of various managements of indurative biliary fistula after HCE operation.Methods 31 patients who underwent surgery for indurative biliary fistula after HCE operation in Xinjiang Medical University were studied retrospectively.Cholangiography and common bile duct exploration through a T tube were done in 15 patients,cholangiography and decompression through a T tube which led to the orifice of the fistula of the cavity in 8 patients,hepatectomy in 4 patients,lobe resection + choledochojejunostomy in 2 patients,total pericystectomy in 1 patient,and cavity abscess debridement in 1 patient for severe infection of the abdominal cavity,followed by hemihepatectomy after half a year.Result On follow-up of 1-8 years,choledochojejunostomy had to be done in 1 patient for stricture of the bile duct after T tube drainage,hepatectomy in 1 patient for bile leakage after the cavity abscess debridement operation,and bile leakage in 1 patient after hepatectomy although with drainage the patient was cured.Conclusion The results suggested that hepatectomy and total pericystectomy completely solved the problems arising from indurative biliary fistula.However,these procedures are complicated,and have higher operative risks.Cholangiography and common bile duct exploration solved the cavity-related problems.For patients with severe calcified cavities which communicated with large hepatic ducts,cholangiography and decompression through a T tube put into the orifice of the fistula of the cavity solved the indurative biliary fistula efficaciously and safely.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment efficacy of bronchobiliary fistula due to hepatic cystic echinococcosis.Methods A retrospective evaluation of 39 patients with BBF was performed during 1992 to 2012.We divided the 39 patients into group A treated before 2001 and group B after 2002.A retrospective analysis was made.Results There were three deaths among the 39 BBF patients due to hepatic hydatid disease.The cause of death was septic shock due to severe infection.There were no statistical differences in the basic factors,age (t =0.84,P =0.554),gender (P =1.0),and sputum volume (t =0.98,P =0.703),hydatid diameter (t =1.11,P =0.406),operation time,chest infection (P =1.0),mortality (P =0.235) between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).While postoperative length of stay(t =7.64,P =0.000),postoperative complications of residual cavity (P =0.001),length of tube drainage(t =6.747,P =0.01),recurrence of bronchial fistula (P =0.022),pleural dissemination (P =0.018),reoperation rate (P =0.049) were all in favour of group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Surgery is the choice of therapy for BBF due to hepatic hydatid disease,and one-stage procedure is expected to achieve the best outcomes.