Objective To explore the microsurgical method in treating ruptured aneurysms treatment and evaluating the treatment of the complication during or after the operation.Methods 36 cases of patients with intracranial aneurysm were analyzed retrospectively.All of the patients were subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by CT scan on admission.The intracranial aneurysms were confirmed in 35 cases by DSA examination and A2 aneurysm was confirmed by explorative operation in 1 case.The microsurgical treatment was performed in 36 cases at the early or intermediate stage,22 cases were treated in the early stage,the other 14 cases were treated in the intermediate stage (early stage means within 3 days post SAH;intermediate stage means from 4 days to 10 days post SAH).Results After the operation,21 cases were GOS grade Ⅰ,4 cases were COS grade Ⅱ,4 cases were COS grade Ⅲ,4 cases were GOS grade Ⅳ.Of all the patients,CT scan was done after the operation,finding no intracranial bemorrhage,and cerebral infarction was disclosed in 5 cases.3 cases were dead,one suffered occipital lobe infaret after the PCoA aneurysm clipped,brain hernia occurred at last,one's Hunt Hess grade was Ⅴ,ACoA aneurysm was disclosed by DSA examination,severe brain edema occurred after the operation,the other suffered tonsillar hernia one week after the aneurysm clipping,which ruptured after endovascular treatment of ACoA aneurysm 2 years later.DSA examinations were done in 26 cases after operation,declaring 1 ACoA aneurysm was unclipped,1 PCoA aneurysm was incompletely clipped,and 1 PCoA was sacrificed.Conclusions It is a valuable method to clip the ruptured intracranial aneurysms in early and intermediate stage.The cerebral ischemia is the severe complication after clipping.Especially for the PCoA aneurysms,it is very important to protect the PCoA.Further research should be done for the treatment in the case with mother artery arteriosclerosis and thrombosis within the aneurysms.

Objective To explore the influence factors for the functional improvement after the fetal olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation for chronic spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods The olfactory bulbs were harvested and trypsinized down to single fetal OEC. They were cultured for 12-17 days prepared for use. From November 2001 to December 2003, a total of 300 patients volunteered for the fetal OEC transplantation, among whom 222 suffered from complete chronic SCI and 78 suffered from incomplete chronic SCI. The procedures were performed on the patients with a disease course ranging from 6 months to 31 years (average 3.1 years) after their injuries. The fetal OEC was transplanted by the form of injections into the spinal cord at the upper and lower ends of the injury site. All the patients were assessed by the ASIA standard before the transplantation and 2-8 weeks after the transplantation. The influence factors including age, sex, duration after the injury, and injury degrees and levels were compared with those in the functional improvement after fetal OEC transplantation. Results The partially-improved neurological functions assessed by the ASIA standard were indicated by the motor scores increasing from 39.1±20.6 to 45.9±20.3 (P<0.001), the light touch scores from 51.7±24.9 to 63.4±23.0 (P<0.001), and the pin prick scores from 53.0±24.2 to 65.3±22.7(P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the functional improvement of the motor, light touch, and pin brick when compared with the age, sex, duration after the injury, and the injury degrees and levels. The motor scores and light touch scores at the cervical level were higher than the scores at the thoracic level. Conclusion The fetal OEC transplantation can partially improve the neurological functions quickly in treatment of the chronic spinal cord injury. All the influence factors except the motor scores and light touch scores, which were higher at the cervical level than at thoracic level, have no impact on the functional improvement after the fetal OEC transplantation.

BACKGROUND: It was thought that there was no regeneration capacityin central nerves. Recent research shows that regeneration capacity of injured neural axons and recovery of some neurological functions can be achieved by changing local surroundings after spinal cord injury (SCI).OBJECTIVE: To probe into whether the transplantation of fetal olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in recovering the neurological functions of patients with chronic SCI is safe, feasible, and effective.DESIGN: Auto-control observation before and after surgery.SETTING: Neurological Research and Treatment Center of Beijing Xishan Hospital; Second Department of Neurosurgery in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences; Second Department of Neurosurgery in Naval General Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 171 patients with chronic spinal cord injury were selected from the Second Department of Neurosurgery in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences and the Second Department of Neurosurgery in Naval General Hospital betweenNovember 2001 and February 2003, of which there are 147 patients with complete injury and 24 ones with incomplete injury. Post-injury period ranged from 0.5 to 18 years. Process of treatment is discussed and permitted by relevant Medical Ethics Committees. Cells were obtained from voluntary donors and patients agreed to receive the treatment.METHODS: ① Fetal olfactory bulbs were cultured for 12-17 days after being digested into single cells. ② Fetal OECs were transplanted into sites rostral and caudal to the epienter. ③ Neurological functions of all patients 2-8 weeks before and after operation were evaluated according to the scoring standard of ASIA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Status of functional recovery in spinal cord of patients after transplantation of OECs. ② Harmful events and side effects.RESULTS: A total of 171 patients were involved in the analysis of results.①Status of functional recovery in spinal cord of patients with OECs transplantation: Partial neurological functions of 171 patients rapidly recovered,whose motor function score increased from (34.5±20.3) points before operation to (42.0±20.0) points (P ＜ 0.001) after operation, score of light touch increased from (47.2±24.0) points to (61.8±23.0) points (P ＜ 0.001) after operation,score of pain sense increased from (48.6±23.5) points to (64.0±22.8) points (P ＜ 0.001). ②Harmful events and side-effects: Early manifestations of spinal cord injury induced by infection in surgical area of one patient aggravated; two patients suffered from serious pulmonary infection,one patient from thalamic hemorrhage. Three patients mentioned above died of serious respiration and circulatory failures.CONCLUSION: OEC transplantation can rapidly promote partial neurological function of patients with chronic SCI, while the mechanism needs further observing.

ObjectiveTo determine whether transplanting olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs)is effective in controlling or re.versing the deterioration caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(AtS). MethodsUetwcen February 2003 and April 2006,327 pa-fients(241 males and 86 females)with probable or definite ALS(diagnosed according to the El Escorial criteria)received dle oECstransplantation.Their ages ranged from 20 to 84 years(51.6±11.1 years).The duaration of sympltoms before surgical trealment wit84.8months to 13 years(2.9±2.0 years).OECs were cultured and.injected into palllological regions of the spinal cord and/or bilateralcoroila radiata of the brain;the patients were divided into three groups,group A(cord only,n=29),group B(cord and brain,,n=6),and group C(brain only,n=292)based on the transplant sites.ResultsThe patient's neurological function was assessedboth before and at4 weeks after transplantation by using the Amyolrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale(ALSFRS)of the ALSCNTF Trealment Study(ACTS).The$cores were increased from 17.2±8.6 pre-operation to 20.1±9.7 post-operation in group A(P<0.05),from 24.2 4-6.8 to 25.7±6.6(P>0.05)in group B,and from 20.3±8.6 to 22.0±9.4(P<0.001)in group C.There were no significant difference inincreased ALSFRS scores amongthe three groups(P>O.05).The total improvement rate of neurological function was 77.1%(252/327).The result of electramyographic examination showed that spontaneous potential diminishedand/or disappeared,the amplitude of the motor unit action potential decreased remarkably andthe numbers of motor unitaction potentialgreatly increased in 261 cases(79.8%).Sixteen patients(4.9%)experienced the various complications including headache.short-term fever,seizure attack,central nerve system infection,pneumonia,respiratory failure,urinary tract infection,heartfailure,and pos-sible pulmonary embolism;of them,there were 4 deaths(1.2%). ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that the OECs trasplantafion is effective in controlling or reversing the physiological deterioration caused by ALS.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the restoration of function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in patients of different ages who have underwent intraspinal transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs).

METHODSOne hundred and seventy-one SCI patients were included in this study. Of them, 139 were male and 32 were female, with age ranging from 2 to 64 years (mean, 34.9 years). In all SCI patients the lesions were injected at the time of operation with OECs. According to their ages, the patients were divided into 5 groups: 51 years group (n = 14). The spinal cord function was assessed based on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Classification System before and 2 - 8 weeks after OECs transplantation. One-way ANOVA and q test were used for statistical analysis, and the data were expressed as mean +/- SD.

RESULTSAfter surgery, the motor scores increased by 5.2 +/- 4.8, 8.6 +/- 8.0, 8.3 +/- 8.8, 5.7 +/- 7.3 and 8.2 +/- 7.6 in 5 age groups respectively (F = 1.009, P = 0.404); light touch scores increased by 13.9 +/- 8.1, 15.5 +/- 14.3, 12.0 +/- 14.4, 14.1 +/- 18.5 and 24.8 +/- 25.3 respectively (F = 1.837, P = 0.124); and pin prick scores increased by 11.1 +/- 7.9, 17.2 +/- 14.3, 13.2 +/- 11.8, 13.6 +/- 13.9 and 25.4 +/- 24.3 respectively (F = 2.651, P = 0.035). Restoration of pin prick in > 51 years group was better than other age groups except 21 - 30 years group.

CONCLUSIONOECs transplantation can improve the neurological function of spinal cord of SCI patients regardless of their ages. Further research into the long-term outcomes of the treatment will be required.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olfactory Bulb ; cytology ; transplantation ; Spinal Cord ; physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome