Cyclic voltammetry shows that, in a supporting ele ctrolyte of NaOH,riboflavine tetrabutyrate（RT）has a pair of cathodic and anodi c peaks at Hg electrode. The peak potentials Epc=Epa=-0.64　 V（vs.Ag/Agcl）.　The adsorptive characteristics of RT are explored in detai ls with various methods.　The adsorbed species is most probably neutral molecule of RT.The saturated adsorption amount of RT at Hg electrode is 5.42×10-11 　mol/cm2 and every RT molecule occupied 3.06　nm2. On the surface of HMDE ，the adsorption of RT obeys Frumkin dasorption isotherm. The adsorptive coeffic ient β，the attractive factor γ are 4.60×105，1.10 and the adsorption free energy ΔG, is　－32.30　kJ/mol, respectively. The electrode proc ess kinetic behavior has also been studied by using cyclic voltammetry. Under th e experimental conditions the rate constants for electron transfer are determine d. The values of ks are in good agreement with literature′s results.

Objective To study the effects of different transport protein on the transport of 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone (7,4'-DHF) and its metabolite (7,4'-DHF-S) in Caco-2 cell model.Methods Ultra performance liquid chromatography was employed to determinethe content of 7,4'-DHF and 7,4'-DHF-S incubation buffer,their structures were identified by LC-MS/MS.Bidirectional transport of Caco-2 cells model was used to investigate the influence of ko143 (the inhibitor of BCRP) and MK571 (the inhibitor of MRP2) on the transport of 7,4'-DHF and 7,4'-DHF-S,respectively.Results Metabolic product of 7,4'-DHF in Caco-2 monolayer cell was identified as one monosulfate;PDR of 7,4'-DHF was (1.43 ± 0.11),PDR of ko143 and MK571 on the apparent permeability of 7,4'-DHF was (1.59 ± 0.04) and (1.48 ± 0.07) (P ＞ 0.05);PDR of 7,4'-DHF-S was (1.60 ± 0.06);ko143 could significantly reduce the apparent permeability of 7,4'-DHF-S,and the PDR was (0.23 ±0.03) (P ＜ 0.01);MK571 had no significant effect on the apparent permeability of the 7,4'-DHF-S,and the PDR was (1.51±0.04) (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Caco-2 cells can mediate the suffonated reaction of 7,4'-DHF;7,4'-dihydroxyflavone sulfonated combination product may be a substrate for BCRP.

Objective To investigate the metabolic profile of chrysin in SULT1A3 and human small intestine S9.Methods After incubation of chrysin using in vitro SULT1A3 and human small intestine S9 system, high-performance liquid chromatography was utilized to determine the sulfates of chrysin.Mass spectrum(MS) were employed to elucidate the structures of metabolite.Results In the SULT1A3 with PAPS, Km were (3.06 ±1.04) and (0.41±0.06) μM, Vmax were (12.13 ±1.30) and (6.72 ±1.61) nmol/(min· mg), Vmax/Km were 3.96 and 16.39 mL/(min· mg), respectively.In the human small intestine S9 with PAPS, Km were (1.92 ±0.35) and (0.01 ±0.00) μM, Vmax were (0.52 ±0.02) and (0.08 ± 0.02) nmol/(min· mg), Vmax/Km were 0.27 and 8.00 mL/(min· mg).The metabolic behavior of chrysin in SULT1A3 and human small intestine S9 both were followed biphasic kinetics.The sulfation of chrysin in SULT1A3 showed a significant correlation with that in human small intestine S9(R2 =0.985).Conclusion The result indicates that SULT1A3 is the major enzyme to the metabolism of chrysin, human small intestine may be the main metabolic organs of chrysin.

Objective To investigate the kinectics characteristics of sulfation of apigenin mediated by SULTIA3.Methods After incubation of apigenin using in vitro SULT1A3 system, high-performance liquid chromatography was utilized to determine the sulfates of apigenin.Mass spectrum(MS) were employed to elucidate the structure of metabolite.The program GraphPad Prism 5 was used to perform the kinetic characterization of SULT1A3 catalyzed metabolism of apigenin.Results A liner calibration curve for the assay of apigenin was validated in the range of 0.15625 ~30 μM with the recoveries of at least 80% and intra-day and inter-day RSD of less than 15%.Metabolic product of apigenin and SULT1A3 in the incubated system was identified one monosulfate.The metabolic behavior of apigenin in SULT1A3 was followed substrate inhibition kinetics.Apparent kinetic parameters of metabolism of apigenin by SULT1A3, Kmwas(0.355 ±1.04) μM and Ksi was(23.62 ±0.06) μM,Vmax was(65.71 ±1.30) nmol/(min? mg),Vmax/Km was 185.10 mL/(min? mg).Conclusion SULT1A3 can mediate the binding of apigenin sulfonated reaction, and the character of enzymatic kinetics shows substrate inhibition.Sulfation of apigenin mediated by SULTIA3 may play an important role in phaseⅡmetabolic in vivo.

Objective:To analyze the impacts of different registration ranges on the accuracy of multiple metastases treated with helical tomotherapy.Methods:According to the locations of target volumes, 28 patients with multiple metastases were divided into the head/chest group ( n= 15) and the chest/pelvis group ( n= 13). The CT and MVCT images acquired in first fraction were studied and compared in two groups, which were captured and matched with different registration ranges (all targets/the targets in proximity to the head/ the targets in proximity to the foot). The CTV MVCT volume coverage rate (CR) under the matched target volumes, the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between the CTV CT and CTV MVCT, and the position deviation of the CTV geometric center were compared. Results:We observed similar results in the head/chest group and chest/pelvis group. Specifically, there was no significant difference in the CR, DSC and geometric center deviation between the two target regions when registered with all targets ( P>0.05). Regarding single target region registration, the DSC and geometric center deviation of this target were significantly superior to the other non-registered target ( P< 0.05). To a single target, the CR, DSC, and geometric center deviation obtained with registration presented the best performance, which was significantly greater than these parameters obtained with all targets registration, while the other side target area obtained the worst results ( P< 0.05). Conclusions:Registration of one target region may reduce the accuracy of other non-registered targets. We recommend that the image guidance ranges for multiple metastases treated with tomotherapy should include all target regions or independent registrations for different targets.

OBJECTIVETo assess the frequencies of CYP21A2 gene mutations among patients from Fujian area with classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

METHODSFor 19 probands from different families affected with classical steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 74 family members, mutations of the CYP21A2 gene were analyzed with combined nested polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Time resolved fluorescence immunoassay was performed to determine the level of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) in all family members. Clinical data and laboratory results of the probands and their family members were analyzed.

RESULTSEleven mutations were identified among the 38 alleles from the 19 probands. 92.1% (35/38) of the mutant CYP21A2 alleles were due to recombination between CYP21A2 and CYP21A1P. Gene conversion and deletions were identified in 84.2% (32/38) and 7.9% (3/38) of the alleles, respectively. IVS2-13A/C>G and chimeras were the most common mutations, which respectively accounted for 34.2% (13/38) and 18.4% (7/38) of all mutant alleles. Among these, IVS2+1G>A and Q318X+356W were first reported in China. 74.3% (55/74) of the family members were carriers of heterozygous mutations. However, no significant difference was found in the 17-OHP levels between carriers and non-carriers (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere seems to be a specific spectrum of CYP21A2 gene mutations in Fujian area, where IVS2-13A/C>G and chimeras are the most common mutations.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; genetics ; Alleles ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; genetics ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) mutations in patients with PAH deficiency in Fujian population.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples of 36 patients and their parents with classical type phenylketouria (PKU) were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted. Following PCR amplification, DNA sequencing was carried out to identify the origins of mutations.

RESULTSTwenty types mutations were identified in 63 of the 72 alleles. The most common mutations were R241C, R408Q and Ex6-96A>G, which respectively accounted for 15.9%, 12.7% and 11.1% of all mutant alleles. The c.189_190dupTGAC mutation was first reported. R241C was associated with 28% of mild hyperphenylalaninemia and R408Q is associated with 25% of classical PKU.

CONCLUSIONThere is a specific spectrum of PAH gene mutation in Fujian region. R241C, R408Q and Ex6-96A>G are the most common mutations.

Adolescent ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ; genetics ; Phenylketonurias ; enzymology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical features and mutation types in patients from Fujian area with glutaric academia type I(GA I).

METHODSSerum acylcarnitine and urine organic acid of 3 patients were determined with tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. The patients also underwent magnetic resonance imaging analysis for the cranial region. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, and the 12 exons and flanking regions of the GCDH gene were amplified with PCR and subjected to direct DNA sequencing. One hundred healthy newborns were used as controls.

RESULTSMutations of the GCDH gene were identified in all of the 3 patients. Two patients have carried compound heterozygous mutations including c.1244-2A>C and c.1147C>T(p.R383C), c.406G>T(p.G136C) and c.1169G>A(p.G390E), respectively. One has carried homozygous c.1244-2A>C mutation. The same mutations were not detected among the 100 healthy newborns. Only one patient received early intervention and did not develop the disease. The other two had irreversible damagesto their intelligence.

CONCLUSIONc.1169G>A(p.G390E) is likely pathogenic mutations for GA I patients from Fujianarea. Early screening of neonatal metabolic diseases is crucial for such patients.

Objective:To understand the function of diaphragm and analyze the clinical factors affecting the function of diaphragm by measuring twitch tracheal pressure (TwPtr) in patients with mechanical ventilation and in the weaning phase.Methods:Patients with more than 48 hours of invasive mechanical ventilation admitted to the department of critical care medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from December 2015 to March 2017 were enrolled. After the patient entered the weaning stage, TwPtr of patients was monitored by two-way non repetitive automatic respiratory trigger device, the effects of duration of mechanical ventilation, severe pulmonary infection, sedative application and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on weaning were analyzed.Results:A total of 62 patients were included, of which 45 were male and 17 were female. The average age was (66.8±11.7) years old. Twenty-three cases had severe pneumonia. The absolute value of TwPtr in severe pneumonia group was lower than that in non-severe pneumonia group [cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O = 0.098 kPa): 10.40±5.81 vs. 14.35±5.22, P = 0.021]. However, there was no significant difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation between the severe pneumonia group and non-severe pneumonia group [days: 26 (17, 43) vs. 15 (11, 36), P = 0.091]. In 62 patients with mechanical ventilation, there was a negative correlation between TwPtr and duration of mechanical ventilation ( r = 0.414, P = 0.002), there was also a negative correlation between the duration of mechanical ventilation and TwPtr after the assessment of diaphragm function ( r = 0.277, P = 0.039). There was a linear relationship between TwPtr and sedatives ( r = 0.220, P = 0.040), but there was no correlation between TwPtr and COPD ( r = -0.178, P = 0.166). Conclusions:For patients in the weaning stage of mechanical ventilation, severe pulmonary infection is one of the factors that affect the diaphragm dysfunction. There is a certain correlation between the diaphragm dysfunction and the use of sedatives.

Objective:To investigate the effect of flipped classroom model in the theory teaching of psychiatry for medical undergraduates.Methods:A total of 121 students from grade 2014 were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The observation group was given flipped classroom teaching and the control group was given traditional teaching. In order to evaluate the teaching effect of flipped classroom, the students in the observation group were evaluated by comparing the test scores of the two groups in class and using the self-made questionnaire. SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct t-test. Results:The results showed that the average score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). The results of teaching effect showed that there were 60 students in the observation group, among which 96.7% (58 students) believed that flipped classroom teaching was beneficial to promoting pre-class preview, improving teamwork ability, autonomous learning ability and teacher-student communication; 95.0% (57 students) thought they were satisfied with flipped classroom teaching, which was conducive to linking theory with practice; 93.3% (56 students) thought that they could arouse their interest in learning, improve their attention, and improve their ability to analyze and solve problems; 90.0% (54 students) thought flipped classroom was superior to traditional classroom and helpful to their future study; 86.7% (52 students) did not think their study burden was increased. Conclusion:The flipped classroom model can stimulate students' interest and attention, and promote the combination of independent learning and interactive learning, which has a better effect than the traditional teaching model in the theory teaching of psychiatry and is easily accepted by students. Therefore, it holds promise for application.