Objective To investigate the effects of somatostatin on the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Methods The expression of somatostatin mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues from 79 patients who had been admired to Yijishan Hospital from January 2004 to October 2006 was detected by nested RT-PCR. The apoptotic index of colorectal cancer cells was detected by TUNEL, and the protein expressions of somatostatin, Fas, FasL, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in colorectal cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. All data were analyzed by chi-square test, q test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results There was a positive correlation between the mRNA and protein expression of somatostatin (r = 0.98, P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of somatostatin in poorly and moderately differentiated colorectal cancers were significantly lower than that in well differentiated colorectal cancers (χ~2 = 10.78, 11.24, 5.27, 5.24, P < 0.05). The positive expression rates of mRNA and protein of somatostatin in papillary adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than those in mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma (χ~2= 6.56, 6.99, 5.44, 7.39, P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of somatostatin in colorectal cancer in Dukes A and B were significantly higher than that in Dukes C and D (χ~2 =5.17, 4.06, P <0.05). The apoptotic index in high or moderate somatostatin expression group was significantly higher than that in low somatostain expression group (q = 5.66, 4.21, P < 0.05), and the positive expression rates of Fas, caspase-8 and caspase-3 in high or moderate somatostatin expression group were significantly higher than those in low somatostafin expression group (χ~2= 5.48, 5.62, 6.89, 4.32, 4.19, 3.91, P <0.05). Conclusion Somatostatin plays an important role in the regulation of cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer, and the mechanism may be related to the aberrant expression of Fas/FasL.

Objective To explore the mechanism of protection role of ambroxol against acute lung injury (ALI)by studying the change of cytokine mRNA expression during the course of ALI.Method The study was composed of experiments both in vivo and in vitro. (1)Experiments in vivo were as follows.Twenty-four sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divide into 3 groups,namely,control group(n=8),acute lung injury group(LPS group,n=8)and ambroxol group(LPS+A group,n=8).The rat model of acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mmol/L lipoopolysaccharide(LPS).The pathological alteration of lung tissue and arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)were observed.Expressions of TNF-α,IL-10 and IL-24 mRNA were determined by using RT-PCR assay. (2)Experiments in vitro were the followings.Alveolar macrophage cells were collected and divided into 3 groups as above mentioned.Cells were treated with normal saline,with LPS,and with LPS plus ambroxolin dose of 180 μmol/L at 0,6,12 and 24 hours after exposure of LPS,respectively,in 3 groups as above stated.The expressions of TNF-α,IL-10 and IL-24 mRNA were also determine by using RT-PCR.Results The pathological changes of could be parially ameliorated by giving ambroxol.Massive hemorrhage along with vascular edema and infiltration occurred in the lungs of ALT rats.The pathological alterations in ALI rats treated with ambroxol were less severe.The expressions of TNF-α,IL-10 and IL-24 mRNA were dramatically increased in ALI rats,and were partially attenuated after treatment of ambroxol.Macrophages oxposed to LPS for 6 hours showed dramatical increase in expressions of TNF-α,IL-10 and IL-24mRNA those remained at high levels afterwards.The expressions of TNF-α,IL-10 and IL-24 mRNA in macrophages after exposure to both LPS and ambroxol were increased less than those exposed to LPS alone.Conclusions Ambroxol can partially ameliorate the expressions of TNF-α,IL-10 and IL-24 mRNA in alveolar macrophage induced by LPS.

to be resistant to antibiotics.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods From Dec.2013 to Dec.2015,83 cases with T2DM received LRYGB were enrolled to this study.They were divided into low body mass index group (LBMI,25≤BMI＜28),intermediate body mass index group (IBMI,28≤BMI＜32) and high body mass index group (HBMI,BMI≥33).Meanwhile,the clinical effects and side-effects were evaluated among three groups.The factors of adverse effects were evaluated by Cox multivariate analysis.Results Only one patient in HBMI was conversed to open surgery,all the others received LRYGB.The surgery time,intraoperative blood loss and complica tion were positively related to BMI,and the difference was statistically significant between the 3 groups(P＜0.05).The main side-effect of LRYGB was gastrointestinal reaction.The level of fasting blood-glucose,postprandial 2 hours blood sugar,HbA1c and cholesterol total in three groups were lower than baseline (P＜0.05),however,there was no significant difference among the three groups (P＞0.05).The rate of clinical effects in three groups was 89.5％,89.3％ and 91.7％.There was no significant difference among the three groups(P＞0.05);In Cox multivariate analysis,cholesterol total and BMI were independent prognostic indicator for LRGB adverse.Conclusions LRYGB is a safe and effective method for patients with T2DM,which can effectively improve glucose and lipid metabolism.The increased BMI can increase the incidence of LRYGB complications.Total cholesterol is an independent prognostic indicator for the adverse of LRYGB.

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality rate, and effective screening and early diagnosis methods can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of lung cancer patients. Traditional lung cancer detection methods mainly include imaging tests, sputum cell tests, bronchoscopy, and needle biopsy, but these methods have disadvantages such as being highly invasive, complicated operation processes, prone to false positives, and low detection index. Tumor markers can reflect the occurrence and development of tumors and can monitor the effect of tumor treatment. Therefore, tumor marker detection is of great significance for early cancer diagnosis. Biosensor technology is a new rapid detection technology with promising applications. In recent years, research related to biosensors has been intensified in clinical testing and biomedicine. In this paper, the traditional detection methods for lung cancer were briefly introduced, and the technologies and detection methods related to optical or electrochemical lung cancer tumor marker biosensors based on immunology, nanomaterials, and aptamers were highlighted in recent years, and the future development trend of lung cancer tumor marker biosensors was prospected.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of the coaxial needle technique in percutaneous liver biopsy for patients with coagulation function abnormalities.Methods:Clinical data of 210 patients who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy using the coaxial needle technique under ultrasound guidance from December 2018 to May 2021 in 3 centers were collected. A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the puncture success rate, number of samples obtained, pathology qualification rate, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding rates between the group with coagulation function abnormalities and the group with normal coagulation function.Results:After propensity score matching, there were 105 patients in each group, with a puncture success rate of 100% in both groups. The pathology qualification rate was 100% for all samples.Intraoperative bleeding occurred in 78 cases (74.3%, 78/105) in the coagulation function abnormalities group and in 64 cases (61.0%, 64/105) in the normal coagulation function group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.006). Postoperative bleeding occurred in 3 cases (2.9%, 3/105) in the coagulation function abnormalities group and in 0 case in the normal coagulation function group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.081). Conclusions:The use of the coaxial needle technique for percutaneous liver biopsy in patients with coagulation function abnormalities not only allows for obtaining an adequate tissue sample but also demonstrates good safety.

Objective:To explore the relationship between amniotic fluid and peripheral blood inflammatory factors and the pregnancy outcomes after emergency cervical cerclage, and to identify effective indicators for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes after the procedure.Methods:A case-control study was conducted, including pregnant women who were hospitalized at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, from January 1, 2013, to July 31, 2019, and underwent emergency cervical cerclage due to cervical dilatation at gestational age between 16 and 28 weeks. A total of 85 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis for the detection of amniotic fluid inflammatory factors during the perioperative period were included. Based on whether their baby was perinatal death, the participants were divided into the case group (28 cases with perinatal death) and the control group (57 cases with live births). Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to establish a regression model and nomogram.Results:(1) The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in the amniotic fluid during the perioperative period and postoperative serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher in the case group compared to the control group (all P<0.05). The case group underwent emergency cervical cerclage at an earlier gestational age compared to the control group, and their cervical dilation was greater than that of the control group (all P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the white blood cell counts, neutrophil percentage, and the level of preoperative CRP in the peripheral blood of pregnant women during the perioperative period (all P>0.05). (2) Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of amniotic fluid WBC, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, postoperative CRP in the peripheral blood, gestational age at cerclage and cervical dilation were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (all P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that only the levels of amniotic fluid WBC and TNF-α were independent risk factors for perinatal death. (3) Based on clinical practice, a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed including the levels of amniotic fluid TNF-α, WBC, gestational age at cervical cerclage, and cervical dilation. A nomogram and calibration curve were plotted, which suggested its good predictive value for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions:During the perioperative period of emergency cervical cerclage, the levels of amniotic fluid WBC, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, with amniotic fluid WBC and TNF-α showing the closest relationship. However, there is no significant correlation between maternal peripheral hemogram during the perioperative period and adverse pregnancy outcomes. A model constructed by amniotic fluid TNF-α, WBC, cervical cerclage gestational age, and cervical dilation has a good predictive effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation in the treatment of rare liver tumors.Methods Clinical data of 9 patients with rare liver tumors who underwent ultrasound-guided thermal ablation from January 2012 to December 2016 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed.The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received.Among 9 cases (14 lesions),2 patients were male and 7 female,aged (42±12) years on average.All the patients underwent ultrasound or contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided puncture and thermal ablation of the tumors.The ablation effect was evaluated immediately by contrast-enhanced ultrasound during the operation.The incidence of postoperative complications was observed.The complete ablation rate was evaluated by CT or MRI at postoperative 1 month.Results 11 lesions were treated with common ultrasound-guided thermal ablation and 3 lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided ablation.The intraoperative complete ablation rate was 100％ (14/14),and the rate at postoperative 1 month was also 100％ (14/14).No ablation related complications was observed.During the follow-up,no local tumor progression or intrahepatic and extrahepatic tumors recurrence was observed in all patients.Conclusions For rare liver tumors,ultrasound-guided thermal ablation can achieve the effect of complete ablation,providing a new therapeutic option for the patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and esophageal dynamics characteristics, and initial treatment effect of patients with untreated achalasia using high resolution manometry. Methods From January 2012 to June 2016, patients newly diagnosed with achalasia were retrospectively recruited. Clinical information, endoscopy and X-ray findings, manometric variables and treatment outcomes were collected and compared among manometric subtypes. Results Among 133 patients with achalasia, 32 ( 24. 0%) were classified as type Ⅰ, 84 ( 63. 2%) as typeⅡ and 17 ( 12. 8%) as typeⅢ. Compared with the typeⅢ, the symptom of regurgitation was more common in the types I and typeⅡachalasia patients ( P=0. 020) . While compared with the type Ⅰ, the score of chest pain was higher in the patients with type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ ( P=0. 006) , as well as the basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure ( P=0. 015, P=0. 023 for type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ, respectively) . Integrated relaxation pressure was similar among the 3 subtypes ( P=0. 158) . Forty-five and 47 patients received pneumatic dilation ( PD ) and peroral endoscopic myotomy ( POEM ) respectively, and all of the patients were followed-up for at least 6 months. The success rate was higher in the POEM group than that of the PD group in all the 3 manometric subtypes, but only the difference between POEM and PD in the type Ⅲ was statistically significant ( 90. 0% VS 40. 0%, P = 0. 041 ) . Conclusion The clinical characteristics and treatment response are different among the 3 achalasia subtypes. Patients with type Ⅲ achalasia are probably the best candidates for POEM.

Objective:To analyze the biological characteristics, phylogenic features and clinical significance of SQ219 and SQ220 isolated from clinical sputum and midstream urine specimens.Methods:The culture and biochemical characteristics of the two strains were observed. VITEK2 System, drug sensitivity testing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were used for bacterial identification. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and core genome was performed. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) based on whole genome sequences was calculated.Results:SQ219 and SQ220 were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and non-motile bacteria. Their optimum growth was observed in NaCl-free medium at 30℃ and pH7. Flexirubin-type pigments were produced by SQ220 on Colombia blood agar, but not by SQ219. Both SQ219 and SQ220 were resistant to aztreonam, amikacin, tobramycin and colistin, which was consistent with the drug resistance phenotype of genus Chryseobacterium. The genome sequences of SQ219 and SQ220 were 5.08 Mb and 4.80 Mb in length, and the G+ C contents were 36.72% and 36.36%, respectively. Both strains carried β-lactam resistance gene ( blaCGA). 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis showed that SQ219 and SQ220 were closely related to Chryseobacterium gambrini DSM18014 T with the similarities of 98.93% and 98.36%, respectively. Core genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that SQ219 and SQ220 were highly homologous to Chryseobacterium gambrini DSM18014 T. However, the ANI values between the two strains and Chryseobacterium gambrini DSM18014 T were 92.49% and 93.27%, respectively, below the threshold for prokaryotic species identification. Conclusions:Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, SQ219 and SQ220 represent a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium. This study would help promote the understanding of the evolution of Chrysobacterium and provide reference for the identification of new species of Chrysobacterium.