Insulins maintain blood glucose homeostasis in the body by stimulating glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissues through glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4)translocation. Recent studies have showed that Rab proteins,as a key regulatory factor for the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane,participate in the formation,translocation and fusion of GLUT4 vesicles. This paper describes several types Rab proteins and the Rab GTPase activating protein,protein kinase B substrate of 160 kU(AS160)in terms of regulatory mechanisms for GLUT4 translocation. Studies on the translocation mechanism by which GLUT4 is regulated by Rabs aim to explain the mechanism of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes,and provide a new approach to diabetes.

Objective To analyze the genetic difference of biological characters on germplasm resources of fenugreek(Trigonella foenumgraecum) and to study the genetic diversity of them.Methods Thirty-two fenugreek germplasm resources from Ningxia, other provinces in China,and abroad were used to investigate the biological characters on plant height,pod formation height,nodes per main stem,branches number,effective pod per plant and so on.The tested materials were planted in the farm of Ningxia University.The genetic diversity based on the phenotype was analyzed by Word′s minimum variance method.Results The variance analyses of ten biological characters were of significance or the most significance except pod length.The branches number and effective pod per plant possessed the largest coefficient of variance(CV). The pairwise Euclidean distance of the tested materials ranged from 1.11 to 9.49,averaged 4.01.Mean Euclidean distance of single tested material ranged from 2.94 to 6.54.The tested germplasm resources could be divided into three groups in D=6.86,which coincided with the district of collecting germplasm resources on the whole.Conclusion There is a little genetic difference in various fenugreek germplasm resources.Compared with Euclidean distance of germplasm resources from Ningxia,the Euclidean distance of most from abroad is far away from that of other provinces in China.

T cell receptors(TCR)immune repertoire is sum of all TCR in body,and diversity of TCR immune repertoire is closely related to HIV recognition and immune escape.High-throughput immune repertoire sequencing technology is able to detect and analyze all sequences of TCR immune repertoire,truly reflect genetic information of all TCR,and comprehensively reveal complexity and diversity of TCR immune repertoire.Analysis of changes in TCR immune group database of HIV patients through high-throughput sequencing technology can monitor their diagnosis and treatment,disease progression and prognosis,and can also contribute to vaccine development,latent reservoir clearance and clinical efficacy evaluation,so as to provide a theoretical basis for enriching prevention and treatment ideas and targets of HIV/AIDS.

The Genome Warehouse (GWH) is a public repository housing genome assembly data for a wide range of species and delivering a series of web services for genome data submission, storage, release, and sharing. As one of the core resources in the National Genomics Data Center (NGDC), part of the China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB;https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn), GWH accepts both full and partial (chloroplast, mitochondrion, and plasmid) genome sequences with different assembly levels, as well as an update of existing genome assemblies. For each assembly, GWH collects detailed genome-related metadata of biological project, biological sample, and genome assembly, in addition to genome sequence and annotation. To archive high-quality genome sequences and annotations, GWH is equipped with a uniform and standardized procedure for quality control. Besides basic browse and search functionalities, all released genome sequences and annotations can be visualized with JBrowse. By May 21, 2021, GWH has received 19,124 direct submissions covering a diversity of 1108 species and has released 8772 of them. Collectively, GWH serves as an important resource for genome-scale data management and provides free and publicly accessible data to support research activities throughout the world. GWH is publicly accessible at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gwh.

Objective To investigate whether Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) is more suitable than Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) in nutritional risk screening for patients with liver cirrhosis, as well as the applicability of subjective global assessment (SGA) in the nutritional assessment of patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods A total of 113 patients with liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from August 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled. RFH-NPT and NRS-2002 were used for nutritional risk screening, and SGA was used for nutritional assessment. The results of these tools were compared with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the three tools. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated for each screening tool, and the association between nutritional status and short-term prognosis was analyzed. The independent samples t -test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of GLIM criteria with NRS2002, RFH-NPT and SGA. Results According to the GLIM criteria, 69.9% of the patients were diagnosed with malnutrition, and RFH-NPT and NRS2002 screened out that 72.6% and 51.3%, respectively, of the patients had nutritional risk, while SGA assessment showed that 57.5% of the patients had malnutrition. Compared with NRS2002, RFH-NPT had a higher degree of correlation with the GLIM criteria ( r =0.764, P < 0.001), higher sensitivity (94.9%) and NPV (87.1%), and a better predictive value (AUC=0.872, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 0.786-0.957). Under the GLIM criteria, SGA had good specificity (88.2%) in the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis, with fair sensitivity (77.2%), good correlation ( r =0.607, P < 0.001), and good predictive value (AUC=0.827, 95% CI : 0.744-0.911). Based on the GLIM criteria, SGA assessment, and RFH-NPT assessment, the patients with nutritional risk or malnutrition tended to have a longer length of hospital stay ( Z= -3.301, -2.812, and -3.813, all P < 0.05) and a higher rehospitalization rate ( χ 2 =3.957, 6.922, and 6.766, all P < 0.05). Based on the GLIM criteria and NRS2002 assessment, the patients with nutritional risk or malnutrition had a significant increase in mortality rate within 3 months ( χ 2 =4.511 and 0.776, both P < 0.05). Conclusion Under the GLIM criteria, RFH-NPT is more suitable than NRS2002 for nutritional risk screening of patients with liver cirrhosis, and SGA also has good applicability in nutritional assessment of patients with liver cirrhosis. In addition, GLIM criteria, SGA, and RFH-NPT are associated with the clinical outcome of patients.

On January 22, 2020, China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB) released the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR), an open-access information resource for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2019nCoVR features a comprehensive integra-tion of sequence and clinical information for all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 isolates, which are manually curated with value-added annotations and quality evaluated by an automated in-house pipeline. Of particular note, 2019nCoVR offers systematic analyses to generate a dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations at a global scale. It provides all identified variants and their detailed statistics for each virus isolate, and congregates the quality score, functional annotation,and population frequency for each variant. Spatiotemporal change for each variant can be visualized and historical viral haplotype network maps for the course of the outbreak are also generated based on all complete and high-quality genomes available. Moreover, 2019nCoVR provides a full collection of SARS-CoV-2 relevant literature on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including published papers from PubMed as well as preprints from services such as bioRxiv and medRxiv through Europe PMC. Furthermore, by linking with relevant databases in CNCB, 2019nCoVR offers data submission services for raw sequence reads and assembled genomes, and data sharing with NCBI. Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 is updated daily to collect the latest information on genome sequences, variants, hap-lotypes, and literature for a timely reflection, making 2019nCoVR a valuable resource for the global research community. 2019nCoVR is accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/.

The discussion and research on the clinical dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） have attracted increasing attention. Through approaches including modern technology， evidence-based medical methods， and multi-disciplinary treatment， we should construct a sound TCM inheritance and innovation system， establish a collaborative innovation mechanism， and integrate major research projects， striving to make breakthroughs in TCM theory， methodology， standards， and regulation system， promoting the scientific and technological progress of TCM， and thereby improving its curative effect. The China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） carried out a series of youth salon seminars for clinical dominant diseases in TCM， discussing and sorting out the advantages of the dominant diseases in clinical diagnosis and treatment of TCM and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in specific diseases or fields. Authoritative experts in the industry were invited to give comment and guidance to form a report. Centering on clinical research of dominant diseases， thematic research was carried out in the aspects of practice， human experience-based evidence， and transformation path. Through the systematic study of the dominant diseases， the advantages of TCM in different stages of disease treatment were excavated to constantly improve the prevention and treatment ability of TCM and carry forward the advancement of TCM theory and practice. At the same time， the communication and understanding between traditional Chinese and western medicine were improved， laying the foundation for the further formation of industry guidelines or consensus and comprehensive promotion. These seminars are expected to provide references for the development of policy planning， clinical diagnosis and treatment， health economy， and social services in TCM and lay the foundation for the formation of a new modern diagnosis and treatment system with Chinese characteristics.