Objective To observe the signs of retinal vessel diameter among different clinical characteristic groups such as sex,age,BMI,the duration of DM. Methods200 diabetic patients were selected.Using face to face questionnaire survey forms filled in the questionnaire in order to collect the general situation of all subjects selected.The diameters of vessels were measured using a computer-assisted imaging program. ResultsIn type 2 diabetes mellitus,there was no significant difference in the retinal arteriolar and veular diameters between the groups with different sex.In type 2 diabetes mellitus,as age increased,both the retinal arteriolar diameters and the retinal veular diameters declined.In type 2 diabetes mellitus,there was no significant difference in the retinal arteriolar and veular diameters between the groups with different BMI.In type 2 diabetes mellitus,as the duration of DM increased,the retinal veular diameters dilated and the retinal arteriolar diameters declined.After storied in accordance with age,we can draw the sameConclusion . ConclusionIn type 2 diabetes mellitus,as the duration of DM increased,the retinal veular diameters dilated and the retinal arteriolar diameters declined.

Objective To study the influencing factors of retinal vessel caliber in type 2 diabetes mellitus and supply the elementary data for clinic. Methods Two hundred diabetic patients were involved in this study, and the vessel caliber was measured by fundus oculi color photo and computer-assisted imaging program. Biochemical indicator and blood pressure was examined and other document was achieved by questionaire. Results In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the retinal vein caliber had negative correlation with age and positive correlation with fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and the duration of diabetes mellitus(P < 0.01 ). The retinal arteriole caliber had negative correlation with age, blood pressure and the duration of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.01 or < 0.05 ). Conclusion The influencing factors of retinal vessel caliber in type 2 diabetes mellitus are age,FBG,HbA1c,blood pressure and the duration of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To assess the effect of Ambroxol combined with Naloxone on respiratory insufficiency on premature infants. Methods A total of 168 premature infants treated from 2006 to 2009 in our hospital were divided into two groups randomly. Additionally to the conventional treatment, Ambroxol (5 mg pertime) combined with Naloxone (0.1mg pertime) intravenously injected 2 to 3 times one day for 3 to 5 days in the treatment group(86 cases). The control group (82 cases) was treated by routine Aminophylline injection,3- 5 mg/kg pertime, 2 to 3 times one day. Respiratory rates, regulately or not,breathholding, cyanosis and apnea,mechanically ventilated time,time of oxygen inhaling, time of hospital stay and the overall response rate were measured. Results The overall response rate was 80% (69/86) in the treatment group and 56% (46/82)in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Mechanically ventilated time,time of oxygen inhaling and hospital stay in the treatment group was (110.5±45.1) hrs, (169.3±58.6) hrs and ( 12±3) days, which were all significantly lower than that in the control group ( 181.1±81.2) hrs, (236.6±87.8)hrs and (16±5)days,respectively(P＜0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion Ambroxol and Naloxobe additional to conventional treatment could improve the respiratory function in premature infants with respiratory insufficiency safely with less side effects. Moreover,breathing machine could be removed to some extent,which made it more applicable in primary hospitals.

0.05). Conclusion Air pollution might have effect on pupils' non-special immunity.

objective To study the anti-inflammation effect of volatile oil from ramulus cinnamomi(VORC).Methods Anti-inflammation effect was studied with the methods of mice auricular swelling,mice celiac capillary permeability,rat hind paw edema and acute pneumonia model.Results VORC had an inhibitory effect on acute inflammation of mice induced by xylene,celiac capillary permeability of mice induced by acetic acid,edema of rat hind paw induced by carrageenan,acute pulmonary inflammation of rat induced by LPS.Conclusion VORC has a markedly anti-inflammation action.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α(HIF-1 α) is not only related to physiological reaction of hypoxia,but also takes part in normal embryonic development.OBJECTIVE: To study the alteration of HIF- 1 α in retina during rat development.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: Randomized contrast animal study,which was performed in the Shandong Provincial Molecular Virus Key Laboratory,Medical College of Qingdao University between January and September 2007.MATERIALS: Adult Wistar rats,nulliparity,clean grade,and weighing 200 250 g were used in this study.METHODS: Male and female rats were caged as the ratio of 1 : 1.Embryos were obtained at 12-day,16-day,and 20-day pregnancy.Eyeballs were obtained from newborn rats by anesthesia at 1-day,5-day,10-day,and 12-month birth.Retina was separated and made into paraffin section.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of HIF 1 α protein and HIF-1 α mRNA in retina were measured by immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction at various dine points of embryonic development.RESULTS: HIF-1 α positively expressed at stratum neuroepitheliale retinae and purpurogenous membrane in the embryonic phase.Additionally,HIF-1 α still positively expressed at stratum neuroepitheliale retinae and purpurogenous membrane,especially in ganglionic cells and inner plexiform layer,in early development.With the gradual development,the positive expression was mainly located at stratum ganglionare retinae.HIF-1 α protein and mRNA expressions were the highest in the embryonic phase,lower in the development,and the lowest in the adult period.There were significantly differences among these three phases (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: HIF-1 α decreases gradually in retina and its expression is mainly located at stratum ganglionare retinae.

Objective To explore the value of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)in grading gliomas.Methods 27 patients with brain glioma(gradeⅠ-Ⅱ in 1 1 cases and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ in 1 6 cases)confirmed by pathology were collected.Conventional MR and DTT were carried out and the bilateral corticospinal tracts(CST)were reconstructed before operation.The fiber density index (FDi)and relative FDi (rFDi= ipsilateral FDi/contralateral FDi)of CST was measured.Results The FDi of ipsilateral CST was lower than that of the contralateral CST in all patients(P <0.05).The bilateral FDi had no statistical difference in low-grade glioma (LGG)and high-grade glioma (HGG)(P >0.05).The rFDi of LGG was higher than that of HGG (P <0.05).Conclusion In com-bination with conventional MR,DTT can improve the accuracy of grading gliomas.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) during lidocaine-induced spinal neurotoxicity in rats.Methods Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-280 g,aged 2-3 months,were divided into 7 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),lidocaine group (group L),normal saline group (group NS),3 different doses of dexmedetomidine groups (D1,D2 and D3 groups),and oα2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine group (group Y).An epidural catheter was placed at L5.6 interspace.Ten percent lidocaine 20 μl was injected intrathecally in all groups except group S.Dexmedetomidine 5,15 and 25 μg/kg were injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before lidocaine injection in D1,D2 and D3 groups,respectively.In group Y,yohimbine 1.0 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 15 min before dexmedetomidine 25 μg/kg was injected.Before intrathecal administration and at 24,48 and 72 h after intrathecal administration (T1-4),the Basso,Beattie,Bresnahan (BBB) Locomotor Rating Scale was used,and the tail flick latency to a thermal nociceptive stimulus (TFL) was measured to assess the locomotor function.The rats were sacrificed after the last behavioral test,and the lumbar segments (L3-5) of the spinal cord were removed for pathological examination and for determination of BDNF expression and cell apoptosis.The apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the BBB score was significantly decreased at T2-4,the TFL was prolonged,the BDNF expression was up-regulated,and apoptosis index was increased in L,NS,D1,D2 and D3 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group L,the BBB score was significantly increased at T2-4,the TFL was shortened,the BDNF expression was up-regulated,and apoptosis index was decreased in group D3 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in NS,D1,D2 and Y groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group D3,the BBB score was significantly decreased at T2 4,the TFL was prolonged,the BDNF expression was down-regulated,and apoptosis index was increased in group Y (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of the spinal cord were significantly attenuated in group D3 as compared with group L,and there was no significant difference in pathological changes of the spinal cord between group Y and group L.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces lidocaine-induced spinal neurotoxicity may be related to up-regulation of BDNF expression,and the mechanism by which dexmedetomidine up-regulates BDNF expression is completely related to activation of α2-adrenoceptors in rats.

BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestation of senile depression is not typical. The patients with senile depression seldom visit in general hospital, which is hard for clinical doctors to identify the disease at early time.OBJECTIVE: To research the traits of Coping style and social support in the recovered senile depressive patients.DESIGN: Case-control observation.SETTING: Department of Psychology in North China Coal Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-six senile depressive patients at convalescent stage were selected for depressive group in clinic service of Beijing Anding Hospital from November 2004 to October 2005. Inclusion criteria: ①Aged≥60 years old. ② Coded with depression with DSM-Ⅳ. ③ Being the period of recovery, geriatric depression scale(GDS)≤10. ④Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Exclusion criteria: ① Depression resulted from other factors for instance substance abuse and schizophrenia,etc. ②Serious and instable body disease such as cerebrovascular disease,liver and kidney disease, falling sickness, disease of internal secretion. Totally 104 questionnaires were sent out, and 96 were qualified. 37 were male and 59 were female in the depressive group, aged 60-87 years old,with average of (68±6)years. The course of disease was 0.3-11 years, with mean of 2 years. The elderly from ordinary community of Beijing were invited for control group. Inclusion criteria: ①Aged ≥ 60 years old; ② No mental disease. ③ Informed consent was obtained from each participant.Exclusion criteria: The same to the depressive group. There are 100 participants in the control group, 44 were male and 56 were female, aged 60 to 84 years old, with average (67±5) years old. There were no significant differences between depressive group and control group in gender, age, education, living conditions and marriage status.METHODS: 96 senile depressive patients at convalescent stage and 100healthy aged were investigated with self-made questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The scores of the self-made questionnaire, GDS, SSRS and SCSQ answered by participants in each group.RESULTS: All the 196 participants entered the result analysis. There was not disqualified questionnaire. There were significantly lower scores of positive coping style and higher scores of negative coping style in the depressive group than the control group(P ＜ 0.05 ). There was lower score of social support, subjective social support and use of social support in the depressive group than the control group (P ＜ 0.05). The scores of objective social support was not significantly different in each group. There was remarkable positive correlation between active coping style and score of social support, subjective social support and use of social support in recovered senile depressive group (P ＜ 0.01). Passive coping style was negatively correlated with score of social support, subjective social support and use of social support(P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Subjective social support and use of social support and negative coping style are the major risk factor in the onset of senile depression.