Objective To improve the knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of functional insulinoma. Methods The clinical data of 12 cases of functional insulinoma in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Results For the 12 cases of functional insulinoma, preoperative fasting blood glucose and the positive rate of insulin were 92% and 89% respectively. The positive rate of IRI/G and C-Peptide reached 100%. The accuracy of the niveau diagnosis of preoperative abdomen ultrasound, CT and of MRI were 75%, 36% and 0% respectively; whereas the accuracy of localization of intraoperative palpation combined with ultrasonography reached 100%. The result of glucose increased by one time within one hour after excision and the rest excision. In the 7 follow-up cases, the symptom of hypoglycemia was not found. There were 3 cases of pancreatic fistula after operation. Conclusions For the suspected cases of functional insulinoma, the measurement of IRI/G and C-Peptide are needed besides measuring blood glucose and insulin. Intraoperative palpation and ultrasonography are effective methods of the localization of functional insulinoma. The complete resection of the insulinoma can be assessed by monitoring the change of the blood glucose after excision as well as the rapid intraoperative pathological examination.

Proteomics is one of the most advanced fields and hotspots in the research of various diseases in recent years. Its development has provided a new research direction for the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and has achieved some research results. Early diagnosis is helpful to control the progression of the disease or even avoid surgical treatment, which is of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients. This paper reviews the current status and prospects of proteomic technology and its applications in diabetes as well as its complications with a prospect of the impact of the rapid development of proteomics on diabetes and its positive role in discovering more diabetes biomarkers. In the future research, more attention should be paid to the interconnections between biomarkers.

The development and progression of liver cancer have the stages of hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, precancerous lesion, and liver cancer, among which the malignant transformation of precancerous lesions of liver cancer is closely associated with the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). By describing the activation of HSC, the generation of precancerous cells of liver cancer, the formation of inflammatory fibrotic microenvironment, and the association between HSC activation and precancerous lesion, this article points out that microRNAs can affect the malignant transformation of precancerous lesion of liver cancer by regulating the expression of related target genes and HSC activation, and the research in this field is expected to provide new ideas and targets for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.

Objective:To study the effect of sinomenine hydrochloride on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) induced experimental colitis in mice. Methods:The colitis model of BALB/c mice was established with DSS. The mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6):the normal control group and the model group(giving normal saline,0.2 ml),salicylazosulfapyridine treatment group (100 mg·kg-1) and sinomenine treatment groups (30,90,270 mg·kg-1). After continuous administration for 10 d,the disease activity index (DAI) and the tissue damage index in each group were evaluated. The mouse colons of TLR4 and Myd88 were detected using Western-blotting, and the expression of NF-κB in the colon tissues was detected using immunohistochemical method. Results:The DAI and the tissue damage index, and the expressions of TLR4, Myd88 and NF-κB in the colon tissues were significantly higher in the model group than those in the normal group (P < 0.01). Sulfasalazine treatment group and sinomenine at low,medium and high dose groups could reduce the DAI and the tissue damage score,and the expressions of TLR4, Myd88 and NF-κB in the colon tissues (P < 0.01) in a concentration-dependent manner. There was no significant difference between salicylazosulfapyridine treatment group and sinomenine at medium/high dose groups. Conclusion:Sinomenine reduces the expression of TLR4,Myd88 and NF-κB in mice with experimental colitis by regulating the TLR4/NF-k B signaling pathway to play a therapeutic role.

Objective:Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been used in the diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) successfully, but there have been no multicenter prospective studies to verify its reliability or determine how to grade RDS with LUS findings.This study aimed to discuss the necessity and feasibility of using LUS findings to determine RDS grades through a multicenter prospective study.Methods:Every researcher participated in the National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Course and receiving 3-6 months of lung ultrasound system training at the National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center.Patients between June 2018 and May 2020 who met the RDS ultrasound diagnostic criteria and had full available clinical data were included in this study.The LUS examination was completed immediately after the patients were admitted to the hospital.Some of them also underwent chest X-ray examination.Arterial blood gas analysis was completed immediately before or after the LUS ultrasound examination.RDS grading was performed according to the LUS findings and whether the patient had serious complications.Results:A total of 275 qualifying cases were included in this study, which included 220 premature infants and 55 full-term infants, and the primary RDS occurred in 117 cases (42.5%), and secondary RDS occurred in 158 cases (57.5%). LUS manifestations of RDS patients can be divided into three categories: (1)A ground-glass opacity sign: which could be found among 50 infants when they were admitted to the hospital (that was, at their first LUS examination). Twenty-eight of these infants were considered to have wet lungs and were not sent for special management on admission, but LUS showed typical snowflake-like lung consolidation within 0.5 to 4 hours.Twenty-two of them were given mechanical ventilation with exogenous pulmonary surfactant; Eighteen cases were controlled within 6-12 hours, but the lung lesions became more severe in the other 4 infants (due to severe intrauterine infection). (2)Snowflake-like lung consolidations: the first LUS on admission showed typical snowflake-like lung consolidation involving areas ranging from 1-2 intercostal spaces to 12 lung divisions in 204 cases.Thirty-eight infants among them the lung consolidation only had involvement of 1-2 intercostal spaces at the time of admission; Fifteen of them received invasive respiratory support and recovered within 4-12 hours.Twelve patients received noninvasive respiratory support; Seven of them recovered, while five cases developed severe lung illness.The remaining 11 patients who were not given any form of ventilator support developed severe conditions within 1-4 hours.Thirty of them showed snowflake signs involving 12 lung regions at admission.The remaining 136 patients had lung consolidation degree between the two degree above condition.(3)Snowflake-like sign with complications: Twenty-one patients had severe complications such as pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage or/and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn or large area atelectasis, etc, although snowflake lung consolidation did not involve all lung regions.Conclusion:(1) LUS is reliable and accurate for diagnosing RDS.RDS has the same characteristics on ultrasound for both preterm and full-term infants, both primary and secondary RDS.(2) To facilitate the management of RDS, it is necessary to classify RDS according to the ultrasound findings and the presence of severe complications.(3) Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that RDS can be divided into mild, moderate and severe degrees.The exact standards for grading are as follows: Mild RDS: the early stage of RDS, in which lung consolidation shows as a ground-glass opacity sign on ultrasound; Moderate RDS: lung consolidation shows a snowflake sign on ultrasound, not all of the lung fields are involved; Severe RDS meets one or more of the following criteria: lung consolidation shows as a snowflake sign on ultrasound and all lung regions are involved, or regardless of its degree and extent, lung consolidation has caused serious complications, such as pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, or/and a large area of pulmonary atelectasis.