Objective To discuss the application of image sensor in wireless endoscopic micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS). Methods Through the comparison of various types of image sensors, and in the consideration of the environment and requirement inside the body, CMOS image sensor which can output analog image signal with high density of integration, low power consumption, small profile was chosen as the sensor component of a wireless endoscope. The profile and power consumption of some specific models of this type of image sensor were compared and analyzed.Results The problems, such as ground connection, crystal configuration and the layout of circuit board, were reasonably solved during the design of image sensor's schematic circuit diagram. The image capture module based on OV7930 sensor was designed and manufactured. Images were successfully captured during the animal experiments.Conclusion The application and design of image sensor in a wireless endoscopic MEMS are feasible.

Objective To assess the effect of Ambroxol combined with Naloxone on respiratory insufficiency on premature infants. Methods A total of 168 premature infants treated from 2006 to 2009 in our hospital were divided into two groups randomly. Additionally to the conventional treatment, Ambroxol (5 mg pertime) combined with Naloxone (0.1mg pertime) intravenously injected 2 to 3 times one day for 3 to 5 days in the treatment group(86 cases). The control group (82 cases) was treated by routine Aminophylline injection,3- 5 mg/kg pertime, 2 to 3 times one day. Respiratory rates, regulately or not,breathholding, cyanosis and apnea,mechanically ventilated time,time of oxygen inhaling, time of hospital stay and the overall response rate were measured. Results The overall response rate was 80% (69/86) in the treatment group and 56% (46/82)in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Mechanically ventilated time,time of oxygen inhaling and hospital stay in the treatment group was (110.5±45.1) hrs, (169.3±58.6) hrs and ( 12±3) days, which were all significantly lower than that in the control group ( 181.1±81.2) hrs, (236.6±87.8)hrs and (16±5)days,respectively(P＜0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion Ambroxol and Naloxobe additional to conventional treatment could improve the respiratory function in premature infants with respiratory insufficiency safely with less side effects. Moreover,breathing machine could be removed to some extent,which made it more applicable in primary hospitals.

Objective To comparing the safety and effectiveness of patient-controlled sedation and analgesia with topical anesthesia during strabismus surgery. Methods Sixty-eight patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n=34): patient-controlled sedation and analgesia (P group) and control group(C group). SBP, HR, Ramsay's score, cooperation score, satisfactory score, visual pain score(VAS) and side-effects such as agitation and low SpO2 during the surgery were measured. Results There were no significant changes of SBP, HR in P group from 10 minutes after the starting of operation to the end,while SBP, HR in C group were higher in all the procedure than those of the base value. Ramsay's score, cooperation score, satisfactory score of the patients in P group were higher than those in C group. VAS score, agitation and groan incidence were higher in C group than those of in P group. Conclusions Patient-controlled sedation analgesia with a combination of sufentanil and propofol is a safe and effective method for strabismus surgery.

Objecfive To study the effects of some cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-6 and IFN-γ as well as lipopolysaccharide on CD68 expression in HaCaT cells.Methods Human HaCaT keratinocytes were randomly divided into natural proliferation group (without stimulation),IFN-γ-stimulated group,TNF-α-stimulated group,LPS-stimulated group and IL-6 stimulated group.The work concentration of TNF-α,IL-6,IFN-γ and LPS was 50 mg/L.HaCaT cells were collected after 24-hour treatment with the cytokines followed by the examination of CD68 expression with flow cytometry,immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription(RT)-PCR,respectively.Results Compared with untreated HaCaT cells,the count of CD68-positive cells was elevated in cells stimulated by TNF-α(t=3.60,P<0.01),IL-6(t=3.93,P<0.01),IFN-γ(t=2.38,P<0.05)and LPS(t=2.52,P<0.05),and the effect of TNF-α and IL-6 was stronger than that of IFN-γ and LPS.Among the four cytokines,only IL-6 enhanced the mean fluorescence intensity of CD68-positive cells (t=8.34,P<0.01).After 24-hour treatment with TNF-α,IFN-γ and IL-6,CD68 expression was observed in the cytoplasm and on the membrane of HaCaT cells and was stronger in cells treated with TNF-α and IL-6 than in those with the other cytokines.A significant increase was observed in the CD68 mRNA expression after 24-hour treatment with TNF-α (t=4.34,P<0.01),IL-6 (t=7.52,P<0.01)and IFN-γ (t=2.81,P<0.05);TNF-α and IL-6showed a stronger promotive effect than IFN-γ.Conclusion IL-6,TNF-α,IFN-γ and LPS can upregulate the CD68 expression in HaCaT cells.

Objective To analyse the immunostimulatory activity of CpG sequences in cysticercus cellulosae paramyosin (also named Antigen B,AgB)cDNA. Methods C57BL/6 mice were immunized with pcDNA3 AgB plasmid,pcDNA3 AgB′(CpG sequences were mutated),pcDNA3 or AgB protein and two weeks later,immune response was assayed by ELISA. Results IgG and IgG 2a were detectable at week 2 after immunization and continually increased until week 4.The antibody levels elicited by pcDNA3 AgB were significantly higher( P

Objective To explore the correlation between nursing students' hardiness personality and professional commitment.Methods 1 115 undergraduate nursing students from 3 medical universities in Guangzhou were investigated with the scales of hardiness personality and nursing professional commitment.Results The scores of hardiness personality and professional commitment were (2.55 ± 0.44) and (2.70 ± 0.43),respectively,and both of them were at the middle level.Correlation analysis revealed that hardiness personality was positively related to professional commitment (P＜0.01),and the challenge dimension of hardiness personality had positive predictive effect on professional commitment.Conclusions Nursing educators should take measures to improve students' hardiness personality and professional commitment.It would help maintain the stability of the whole nursing team.

Objective To explore the application value of hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion through descending hilar plate in laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy.Methods The clinical data of 15 patients who underwent laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy by hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion using descending hilar plate technique at the First People's hospital of Foshan between August 2012 and May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The hilar plate was bluntly dissected to expose the left and right Glissonean pedicles.Either side of Glissonean pedicle was tied up with a turnable aspirator with a cotton rope or shoelace and then bypassed the back of hilar plate.Anatomic hepatectomy was performed when hemi-hepatic blood flow was occluded.The follow-up by telephone interview and outpatient examination was done till October 2014.Results Among the 15 patients,the conversion to open surgery was done in 1 patient,Pringle maneuver in 1 patient,and hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion by descending the hilar plate in 14 patients.Thirteen patients received succesfully laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy by hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion using descending hilar plate technique,including 4 of left hemihepatectomy,4 of left lateral lobectomy,2 of right hemihepatectomy,1 of right posterior lobectomy,1 of segment Ⅳ hepatectomy and 1 of segment Ⅵ hepatectomy.Bile duct exploration was applied to 4 patients with left hepatic duct stones and T-tube was placed in 2 patients.Nine and 4 patients received left and right hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion,respectively.The operation time,mean volume of intraoperative blood loss and time of hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion in 13 patients were (196 ±63)minutes,320 mL (range,50-1 200 mL) and (51 ± 20)minutes,respectively.The time of descending the hilar plate in 14 patients was (10 ±4)minutes.Among the 13 patients,bile leakage was detected in 1 patient with a maximum volume of drainage of 120 mL/day,liver wound bleeding in 1 patient with a volume of abdominal bloodstained drainage of 400 mL at postoperative day 2.Two patients were cured by conservative treatment,and no liver failure and perioperative death were occurred.The duration of hospital stay was (6.9 ± 2.4)days.Among the 15 patients,2 patients were loss to follow-up and other patients were followed up for 5-26 months with good survival,1 patient died.Conclusion Hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion through descending hilar plate in laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy is safe and feasible.

Objective:To observe the distribution,morphology and density of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells in the normal human dermis.Methods:Normal skin from 6 locations such as the face,trunk,proximal limbs,distal limbs,and palms and soles of 8 subjects were collected for the study.The horizontal and longitudinal sections of the skin were stained with an ABC immunoperoxidase procedure with anti-CD1a and anti-CD68 monoclonal antibodies.Results:In the superficial dermis CD68 positive monocytes/macrophages form a dense network with a density in a 6-micron section ranging from 361/mm~2 to 562/mm~2.These network of CD68 positive cells continued on to surround the blood vessels and skin appendages.Lower densities of CD68 positive dendritic cells were found in the deep(reticular) dermis,dispersed between collagen bundles.The CD68 positive cells were detected within the superficial dermis with variable densities: distal limbs 562/mm~2,trunk 517/mm~2,face 509/mm~2,palms 507/mm~2,proximal limbs,472/mm~2,and soles 361/mm~2.Conclusion:There exists in the superficial dermis a relatively dense network of CD68 positive monocytes/macrophages.Such a distribution might indicate the clear polarity of the dermal monocytes/macrophages,with their direction of defense towards to the dermal-epidermal junction.

Objective To investigate the association of imbalance of Tc1 and Tc2 cells with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Methods Immunohistochemistry (S-P method) was used to test the subgroups of infiltrating cells and the expression of receptors of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-? (IFN-?) in these cells of the eruptions from 28 patients with CAD and 7 normal controls. The serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-? from 33 patients with CAD and 32 normal controls were tested by ELISA. Results The major infiltrating cells in the eruptions of patients with CAD were T cells, which were significantly more than B cells (P

Objective To compare the intensity and isotype of anticardiolipin(ACL)antibodies in the sera from patients with syphilis and SLE.Methods IgG and IgM type of ACL antibodies were examined by ELISA in99syphilis patients and75SLE patients.Results Although similar positive percentage of IgG ACL antibodies was shown in syphilis and SLE patients,stronger absorbance(A value)was seen in syphilis patients(P