OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and tendency towards drug resistance of Candida albicans which causing clinical deep infection and to supply data to clinical treatment. METHODS The distribution and tendency towards drug resistance of C. albicans isolates from infected patients from Jan 2007 to Dec 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS All 1698 strains of Candida were isolated from patients sputum,urine,blood,secretion,etc. From 1075 cases with C. albicans,965(89.8%) strains were isolated from sputum. The resistance rate to nyststin,fluconazole,itraconazole,5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B were 3.9%,3.6%,2.5%,0.5% and 0,respectively. The factors related to nosocomial C. albicans infection were the use of antibiotics and condition,invasive procedure,physical fitness,age,basic state of patients,etc.CONCLUSIONS The incidence and resistance of C. albicans infection in a hospital have increasing by years. Proper use of antibiotics and immunodepressors,reduction of unnecessary operation,and early diagnosis and treatment are the keys in preventing from systemic C. albicans infection.

Objective This study is to investigate cytokine pathway,Jak-Stat signal pathway,neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway gene expression pattern of peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) of primary sjgren syndrome patients.Methods The PBMC sample of 3 patients with sjgren syndrome and 3 healthy volunteers with consistent age were collected.The total RNAs was extracted from the PBMC samples,and reverse transcripted in vitro transcription(IVT),labeled with Cy5/Cy3 and hybridized on the gene chips.After scanning and data extraction with LuxScan 3.0,differentially expressed genes were analyzed with SAM method.The online tool of molecule analysis system(MAS) was used for biological knowledge mining.Results Statistical difference was calculated between the patient and control group in the following three pathways: cytokine pathway,Jak-Stat signal pathway,neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway.Among these,genes of IL-2RA,IL-10 were up-regulated and genes of PF4,GZMA were down-regulated.Conclusion Understanding of differently expressed genes should help us disclose the potential molecular mechanism underlying the development process of pathogenesis of primary Sjgren′s syndrome.And the research may provide new target therapy for SS.

OBJECTIVE To understand mecA gene distribution in Staphylococcus aureus and its role in antibiotics-resistance.METHODS In this study,a total of 47 S.aureus strains were isolated from hospitalized patients.Agar disk diffusion test was conducted to determine the resistance of S.aureus to antibiotics.The DNA of these strains were extracted and purified.The mecA gene was tested by PCR and the relation between the mecA gene and antibiotics-resistance was analyzed.RESULTS Of 47 strains,33(70.2%) were MRSA.Of 33 MRSA,only 3 strains were susceptible to glycopeptides antibiotics.Only 2 strains(14.3%) of 14 MSSA were susceptible to all of the 12 antibotics.The results of PCR revealed that 32 out of 33 MRSA(97.0%) carried mecA in their genome.One strain was mecA gene negative.Among 14 MSSA,3(21.4%)strains carried mecA gene.CONCLUSIONS The isolation rate of MRSA in S.aureus is high.The resistance to antibiotics of MRSA is popular Glycopeptides antibiotics.Most of MRSA carry mecA gene,which plays an important role in antibiotics-resistance.Fewer MSSA carry mecA gene.

Objective To investigate the expression of interleukin-35 (IL-35) in serum of mice with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.Methods Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups (twelve mice in each group):control group,model group of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis,glucocorticoid treatment group of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.The mice were sacrificed at day 7,day 14 and day 28 respectively,and the serum concentration of IL-35 was assayed.Statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) 17.0 statistical software was used for single factor analysis of variance and LSD-t comparison and Pearson correlation analysis was used for the comparison between each two groups.Results The serum IL-35 concentrations between groups and within groups at the time of day 7,day 14 and day 28 were compared respectively.The serum IL-35 concentration of the model group was significantly lower than the control group and the glucocorticoid treatment group at the time of day 7 (F=24.56,P＜0.05).The serum IL-35 concentration of glucocorticoid treatment group was significantly lower than the control group at the time of day 14 (F=8.85,P＜0.05),and which of glucocorticoid treatment group was significantly lower than the control group and the model group at the time of day 28 (F=36.64,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between days 28 and day 7 within control group (t=1.03,P＞0.05).The serum IL-35 concentration of the model group at the time of day 28 was significantly higher than those of day 7 [(9.36±0.95) ng/ml vs (6.51±0.58) ng/ml,t=5.14,P＜0.05],and which of glucocorticoid treatment group was significantly lower than those of day 7 [(5.27±1.01) ng/ml vs (9.42±0.84) ng/ml,t=6.32,P＜0.05].From day 7 to day 28 the serum IL-35 concentration change of the model group and glucocorticoid treatment group showed significantly negative correlation (r =-0.743,P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum IL-35 concentration has shown an trend of increase during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis with mice model,and early glucocorticoid treatment can decrease the serum IL-35 in the model mice.

Objective To observe the clinic features and serology of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in elderly patients. Methods The clinic features and serology of 27 patients with late-onset SLE in our hospital from 1994 to 2003 were analyzed and compared with non-lateonset SLE. Results The average duration from disease onset to diagnosis in late-onset SLE was 56.1 months, which was significently longer than in non-lateonset SLE (mean 10.5 months, P

Objective: To investigate the ultrastructural pathogenesis of retina injury by observing the ultrastructural changes under the transmission electron microscope(TEM) after ocular blast injury in rabbits.Methods: Ocular blast injury models were set up in 20 rabbits by the bow wave produced with a bioshock tube.The rabbits were sacrificed at scheduled times after injury,their retinas obtained and their ultrastructural changes observed by TEM.Results: The axonal ultrastructural changes of the retina induced by blast were summarized as follows.The microfilaments and microtubules were swollen and distorted in the early stage,followed by reactive swelling of the ganglion cells.The swollen mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula focally accumulated and the cytoskeleton was destroyed.Finally the intraaxonal cellular structure disappeared and the axon disconnected.Conclusion: Ocular blast injury may cause retinal ultrastructural changes.The pathological changes of ganglion cells in the optic nerve may be associated with the direct effect of the blast and/or ischemia and are possibly important factors in the pathogenesis of vision disturbance.

Objective To study the role of TNF-?,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lesions of psoriasis vulgaris.Methods SABC immunohistochemical technique was used to examine the expression of TNF-?,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in lesional skin of 40 cases and uninvolved skin of 20 cases of psoriasis and in skin of 20 cases normal controls.Results The expression of TNF-? and MMP-9 was significantly higher in the lesional skin than that in nonlesional skin and normal controls(P0.05).There was a positive correlation between the expression of TNF-? and MMP-9(r=0.471,P

Objective To investigate signal transduction and cytokine gene expression pattern in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) between primary Sjogren syndrome patients and healthy controls. Methods The PBMC of 3 patients with Sjogren syndrome and 3 healthy volunteers with consistent age were collected. The total RNA extracted from the PBMC was carried the reverse transcription and in vitro transcription (IVT), then labeled with Cy5/Cy3 and hybridized on the gene chips. After scanning and data extraction with LuxScan 3.0, differentially expressed genes were analyzed with SAM method. The online tools of molecule analysis system (MAS) was used for biological knowledge mining. The difference of signal transduction and cytokine gene expression of each patient and control were compared. Results Statistical difference was calculated between the patient and control group in the following four pathway: the chemokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway[(FASLG(Fas ligand), CCL5, CCR3, IL-4R, CXCL10 (CXC chemokine ligand 10), TNFRSF19L (tumor necrosis factor supeffamily 19 ligand), CX3CR1 (CX3C chemokine receptor 1)], adhension molecule pathway [interleukin adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1)], Jak-STAT signal pathway [STAT4 (signal transducer and activation of transcription 4), CISH (chromogenic in situ hybridization), IL-4R], Toll-like receptor signal pathway(CCL5, CXCL10). Among these, 4 genes were up-regulated and 6 genes were down-regulated. Conclusion Understanding of differently expressed genes should help us disclose the potential molecular mechanism underlying the development process of pathogenesis of primary Sjogren syndrome.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of antiplatelet antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with thrombocytopenia.Methods Antiplatelet antibody (anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antibody, anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody, anti-GP Ⅰa/Ⅱ a antibody, anti-GP Ⅳ antibody) were detected by modified antigen capture ELISA. The positive rate of antiplatelet antibody between SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group and without thrombocytopenia group before therapy were compared,and the positive rate of antiplatelet antibody before therapy and after therapy in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia were compared,and the relevance between antiplatelet antibody and conditions in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia were analyzed. Rank test and Chi square test were used for statistical analysis. Results The positive rate of anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antibody and anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group before therapy was 50% and 67% respectively, however,the positive rate in SLE without thrombocytopenia group before therapy was 11% and 28% respectively,there was significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05) and the positive rate of anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antibody and anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group after therapy was 6% and 28% respectively, which was significantly lower than those before therapy (P＜0.05). In SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group before therapy, there was significant relevance between anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲ a antibody and anti-GP[b/Ⅸ antibody, and there was significant relevance between these two antibodies and SLEDAI score,but no significant relevance between these two antibodies and ANA,dsDNA, ANCA. Neither anti-GPⅣ antibody nor anti-GP Ⅰ a/Ⅱ a antibody was detected in patients of this study. Conclusion The positive rate of antiplatelet antibody (anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲ a antibody, anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody) is significantly higher in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with thrombocytopenia,and these two antibodies are significantly associated with clinical outcomes.