Rho/ROCK pathway is a ubiquitous singling pathway in organisms,and is involved in many biological processes. In the brain of Alzheimer′s patients,the activities of Rho and Rho associated coiled coil forming protein kinase(ROCK)are up-regulat?ed,which is accompanied by the elevation of Aβ42 level,and the abnormal change of the morphology and function of neuronal process?es,suggesting that the occurrence and development of Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is associafed with the overexpression and excessive activation of Rho or ROCK. Rho/ROCK2 pathway is considered a target pathway for the prevention and treatment of AD,and Rho or ROCK2 also becomes an important target for AD drug development. Numerous studies have revealed that suppressing the expression or decreasing the activity of Rho or ROCK2 can reduce Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity,protect neurons,and slow down the occurrence and de?velopment of AD. Therefore,specific inhibition of ROCK2 has an important significance for the repair of central nervous system dam?age and the treatment of AD. This article reviews several effects of Rho/ROCK2 pathway on the development of AD.

Objective To evaluate endovascular embolization with Onyx in treating brain arteriovenous malformations(AVM) located in the centre-encephalic region.Methods Eighteen patients with AVM in the brain centre-encephalic region were treated with embolization by using Onyx.According to Drake criteria of the AVM type,small type was seen in 10,medium type in 6 and large type in 2 cases.By using Onyx as embolization material,a total of 24 endovascular procedures were carried out.Results After treatment,complete obliteration was obtained in 12 cases(66.7%),disability(symptoms worsened) resulted in 2 cases(11.2%) and no death occurred.In the medium type group and the small type group complete obliteration was seen in 3(50%) and 9(90%) cases respectively,the difference between the two groups was significant(P 2 cm and the patients with the feeding artery

Objective To investigate the effects of troglitazone on cholesterol homeostasis and secretion of 3T3-L1 cells by sirolimus and the underlying mechanisms. Methods In vitro cultured 3T3-L1 cells were divided into control group,sirolimus (100 nmol/L) group,sirolimus(100nmol/L)+ troglitazone (10 μmol/L) group and troglitazone (10 μmol/L) group.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure intracellular cholesterol accumulation.ELISA was used to measure leptin excretion.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to examine mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ. Results Free cholesterol of sirolimus +troglitazone group was 1.19 times of sirolimus group (P＜0.05).The leptin secretion levels of control group,sirolimus group,sirolimus+troglitazone group and troglitazone group were (19.02±0.52) μg/L,(15.62±0.47) μg/L,(16.45±0.51) μg/L,(18.07±0.66) μg/L,respectively.And the leptin secretion level of sirolimus+ troglitazone group was 1.05 times of sirolimus group (P＜0.05).The PPARγmRNA expressions of sirolinus group,sirolimus + troglitazone group and troglitazone group were 0.60±0.14,1.12±0.27,1.30±:0.14 folds of control,and the PPARγ mRNA expression of sirolimus + troglitazone group was higher than that of sirolimus group (P＜0.05).PPARγ protein expression had the same tendency. Conclusion Troglitazone reduces the inhibitory effect of sirolimus on PPARγ transactivation and the inhibitory effect of sirolimus on 3T3-L1 cells differentiation and adipogenesis.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors in patients with esophygectomy after oncologic esophagectomy by analyzing the long-term survival .Methods 104 patients underwent esophagectomy for cancer were retrospectively reviewed from 2007 to 2008 in this hospital ,and the investigation was carried on in questionnaire ,following up 3 years .Various ways ,such as Life Tables ,Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis ,were used to evaluate long-term survival .Results (1)A total of 61 patients died in 3 years .The median survival time was 35 .23 months .The cumulative survival rates at 1 ,2 and 3 year after surgery were 87% , 62% ,and 48% respectively ,and death hazard in 24th month after surgery was the highest .(2)In univariate analysis :drinking ,pres-ence of lymph node metastasis and TNM staging were significant factors that influenced long-term survival .(3)Multivariate analy-sis :lymph node(RR = 2 .399 ,P= 0 .002 ,95% CI :1 .385 to 4 .154) ,drinking(RR = 0 .470 ,P = 0 .008 ,95% CI :0 .269 to 0 .882) ,di-gestive tract construction(RR= 1 .910 ,P= 0 .018 ,95% CI :1 .118 to 3 .262) were the isolated factor influencing the prognosis .Con-clusion Patients after oncologic esophagectomy generally suffer poor survival .The presence of lymph node metastasis ,drinking and different methods of reconstraction are statistically significant factors influencing long-term survival .

Blood samples were collected from 90 patients with confirmed rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 73 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 50 normal controls. Serum glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) were detected with ELISA method, rheumatoid factor IgM( RF IgM)was measured with turbidimetric immunoassay and antikeratin antibody (AKA) was determined with indirect immunofluorescence assay. The serum GPI levels of RA group[1.73 (0. 43 -4. 40)mg/L]were significantly higher than those of rheumatic disease[0. 14 (0. 10 -0. 18 )mg/L]and normal controls[0. 12 (0. 09 - 0. 15 ) mg/L], ( H = 18. 13, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The sensitivities of GPI, anti-CCP,RF-IgM, AKA, GPI + CCP, GPI + RF-IgM were 80% (72/90), 57% (51/90), 68% (61/90), 29% (26/90) ,92% (83/90) and 96% (86/90), respectively; the specificities were 97% (119/123) ,95% ( 117/123 ) ,77% (95/123) ,95% ( 117/123 ), 93% ( 115/123 ) and 76% ( 93/123 ), respectively. GP1 level was significantly correlated with CCP and RF-IgM ( r = 0. 674 and 0. 533, P ＜ 0. 01 ), but not correlated with AKA ( r = 0. 12, P ＞ 0. 05 ). The results suggest that serum glucose-6-phosphate isomerase level is a valuable indicator for early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Proteomic analysis is an effective way to identify protein constituent in Lewy bedy-like inclusions (or aggresome) in vitro. Exposure to synthetic proteasome inhibitor (PSI, 10 μmol/L) for 48 hours was used to induce the formation of cytoplasmic proteineous inclusions (termed as PSi-induced inclusions) in PC12 cells.The proteomic approaches of biochemical fractionation, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D) and identification via peptide mass fingerprints (PMF) were deployed, and 20 protein components of LBs were identified,i ncluding 2 proteins involved in the production of synaptic neurotransmitter, 6 subunits of the 26 S proteasome,2 cytoskeleton proteins, 2 subunits of mitochondrial complexes, 1 anti-oxidant protein, and 7 chaperone proteins and (or) chaperone-like proteins. The results suggested that these LB protein components might had been recruited in PSI-induced inclusions formed in PC12 cells under the condition of proteasome inhibition.

Objective To investigate the effects of glucocorticoid on the changes of serum cortisol and 24-hour urinary cortisol in patients undergoing rheumatic valve replacement.Methods 86 patients undergoing rheumatic valve replacement were respectively given 1000 mg methylprednisolone during extracorporeal circulation and intravenously injected 10 mg dexamethasone on the first three days after operation.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was taken to detect the serum cortisol concentration and 24-hour urinary cortisol on the day before operation,the 1st,3rd,5th,and 7th day after surgery.The postoperative complications such as the surgical incision and pulmonary infection were observed during the recovery days.Results Serum cortisol concentrations for patients with different preoperative cardiac function classifications had no significant difference at each observation point during the perioperative period (P＞0.05).Serum cortisol concentration showed a downward trend during the first 3 days after surgery.The serum cortisol level on the 3rd day after surgery was lower compared with that before surgery (P＜0.05),whereas 3 days later the serum cortisol concentration increased gradually and got back to the preoperative levels on the 5th day after surgery.The 24-hour urinary cortisol rose to the peak level on the 1st day after surgery,then decreased to the preoperative level on the 3rd day after surgery (P＞0.05).All the patients recovered.No one died or had complications such as pulmonary infection or incisions healing problems.Conclusions The effects of corticosteroids on perioperative serum cortisol levels in patients with rheumatic heart disease were not clearly correlated with preoperative cardiac function classification.Using glucocorticoid in the first three days after surgery reveals transient inhibitory effect on serum cortisol secreting,however,the cortisol level can quickly go back to the preoperative level after stopping giving glucocorticoid.

AIM:To investigate the effect of microRNA ( miRNA)-21 on the PC12 cells with hypoxic-ischemic damage.METHODS:The PC12 cells were cultured in vitro, and the cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was established .In accordance with the following requirements , the cells were randomly divided into control group , OGD group, negative control sequence +OGD group, miRNA-21 inhibitor +OGD group and miRNA-21 mimic+OGD group. The effects and mechanism of miRNA-21 on the protection of PC12 cells from OGD damage were determined by CCK-8 as-say, real-time PCR and Western blot .RESULTS:Decrease in the expression of miRNA-21 by transfection with miRNA-21 inhibitor inhibited the viavility of the PC 12 cells subjected to OGD damage .Increase in the expression of miRNA-21 by transfection with miRNA-21 mimic promoted the viability of the PC 12 cells subjected to OGD damage .It was further con-firmed that miRNA-21 promoted the AKT phosphorylation in OGD-damaged PC12 cells.CONCLUSION: miRNA-21 sig-nificantly increases the viability of PC 12 cells subjected to OGD damage , which may be related to the activation of PI 3K/AKT signaling pathway .

Objective To investigate the variation of procalcitonin(PCT)level and the significance of PCT for the diagnosis of infection during perioperative period of valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease.Methods Routine blood testing and procalcitonin(PCT)level were measured in the perioperative period of 56 patients with rheumatic heart disease receiving valve replacement.Prophylactic antibiotics management was given based on the serum procalcitonin level especialy that 3 days after operation or later.The postoperative infective complications and the duration of prophylactic antibiotics management were recorded and assessed.Results The duration of prophylactic antibiotics for all patients were 4.6 ± 2.0 days.Six patients were suffered from poor incision healing and one was suffered from pulmonary infection.There were no severe postoperative infective complications.The PCT of the patients without postoperative infection rise to peak level on the 1st day after operation and return to normal on the 3rd day.There was no significant difference in the PCT levels between the two groups.The duration for PCT descending to 0.25 mg/L was 3.7 ± 2.5 days.The PCT level of the patients suffered from pulmonary infection went up again after infection on the 5th day and return to normal on the 9th day.No severe postoperative infective complications happened after withdrawn of prophylactic antibiotics if PCT had descended tobelow 0.25 mg/L after operation.Conclusions The serum PCT level may be a good parameter for the prediction or diagnosis of infective complication in the perioperative period of patients undergoing valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease.It can be a useful marker to guide the use of prophylactic antibiotics.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation on rehabilitation of hemiplegia patient.Methods20 stroke patients following hemiplegia were treated with electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation on base of routine physical therapy, occupational therapy. Myoelectricity value, active range of motion (AROM) of wrist dorsiflexion, and Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA) of upper extremity were assessed before and after the treatment.ResultsThe value of myoelectricity, AROM of wrist dorsiflexion, and FMA of upper extremity have significant statistical improvement (P<0.05) after the treatment.ConclusionElectromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation has positive effect on recovery of hemiplegic upper extremity.