OBJECTIVE:To prepare and characterize lansoprazole(LAP) cationic liposomes. METHODS:Liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection technique.An orthogonal test was utilized to optimize the formulation and preparation of LAP liposomes.The encapsulation efficiency was determined by ultrafiltration.The morphological examination of LAP liposomes was performed using transmission electron microscopy.The particle size and Zeta potential of the liposomes were measured.The release rate of LAP from liposomes was tested. RESULTS:The liposomes with spherical or ellipsoidal shape and better stability featured the encapsulation efficiency of(80?1.23)%,the mean partical size of (184?21)nm,and Zeta potential of (36.1?5)mV.The release kinetics in vitro obeyed first-order equation.The stability of LAP was better. CONCULSION:The selected formulation and preparation technic of lansoprazole liposomes were rational and stable and liposomes featured a sustained release in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Now the filling material which is used for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures is mainly polymethacrylic acid (PMMA),but the PMMA as a permanent foreign body cannot promote bone regeneration,and has a downward extension of the possibility of mechanical properties with time prolonging,so a new type of filling material used to substitute PMMA is looking.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and image characteristics of different filling materials on percutaneous vertebroplasty performing on a goat model of osteoporotic compression fracture.METHODS:Three vertebral fracture models were established on osteoporosis goats by using an appropriate mechanical stress.Under the G-arm X-ray machine,the fractured vertebrae was performed with percutaneous vertebroplasty and then filled with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA),self-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2)/self-calcium phosphate cement.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:① A total of 36 vertebral bodies of 12 goats were successfully performed with percutaneous vertebroplasty,and there was no significant difference in filling quantity among three materials (3.5±1.8) mL (P>0.05).Bolus resistance of PMMA was strong,but operative time was short,and the image was great;the bolus resistance of self-CPC and rhBMP-2/self-CPC was weak,operative time was long,but there was no leakage placeholde.②CT scanning results on the 2~(nd) day after surgery demonstrated that the three materials were disorderly distributed in the vertebral body,showing high-density patching shaping.Six out of 36 vertebral bodies were leakage,which was induced by PMMA (n=4),self-CPC (n=1),and rhBMP-2/self-CPC (n=1).③ Scanning electron microscope indicated that all materials in the PMMA group were not able to closely bind with host bone,but self-CPC and rhBMP-2/self-CPC were able to closely bind with host bone.The results suggested that rhBMP-2/self-CPC is characterized by long-term operation,short time of bone substitute,and stabilization of reconstructed spine.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, with the development of minimaly invasive techniques, the application of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation techniques gradualy become widespread, but in the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fractures, due to lack of reduction apparatus or power defect, the reduction of the injured vertebra is poor. In order to improve this deficiency, we design a percutaneous pedicle screwsystem in order to achieve the desired effect of reduction.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the two different effects for treating unstable thoracolumbar fractures by fixing RTS (rotation softened trauma fixation system) or SEXTANT screws under minimaly invasive technology.
METHODS:From October 2011 to June 2013, 50 patients who suffered from single-segment thoracolumbar fractures without any nerve-injured symptoms were treated by using percutaneous pedicle screws. Among them, 25 cases used Sextant screws; the others used RTS screws. Data were compared between the two groups, including the height of injured vertebrae, Cobb’s angle, visual analogue scale scores and Oswestry disability index 1 week, 3 and 6 months postoperatively, and during final folow-up.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Al patients were folowed upfor8-18 months. (2) The height of injured vertebrae and Cobb’s angle were restored in both groups, showing significant differences (P<0.01). The restoration of the height of injured vertebrae and Cobb’s angle was better in the RTS group than in the SEXTANT group after treatment (P< 0.05-0.01). (3) The visual analogue scale scores and Oswestry disability index were significantly better in the RTS group than in the SEXTANT group 6 months postoperatively and during final folow-up (P< 0.05). (4) These results suggest that both RTS and SEXTANT systems can effectively repair single-segment thoracolumbar fractures without any nerve-injured symptoms. However, it is clear that the recovery of the height ofthe vertebral body is more satisfied and the postoperative pain and dysfunctionweremore minor in the RTS group.

To evaluate the charasteristics and risk factors of hospital infections in patients with contagious diseases, 489 patients with contagious diseases were analyzed. Among 18 patients who contracted hospital infections, 17 were suffering from chronic hepatitis. 77 78% of them were over 40 years old. Infection of ascitic fluid, lower respiratory tract, and blood stream comprised 77 78% of the infections. Most of the doctors used antibiotics empirically. The survey showed that patients over 40 years old in an infectious diseases hospital were vulnerable to hospital infections. Hospital infection often occurred in the abdomen, lower respiratory tract, and blood stream. Abdominal paracentesis liver puncture biopsy, and lumbar puncture were the first three exogenous risk factors.

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on blood-brain barrier in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) . Methods Sixty adult male SD rats, aged 4-6 months, weighing 320- 370 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) : sham operation group (group S), CPB group, and low-, median- and high-dose penehyclidine hydrochloride groups (groups LP, MP and HP). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg, intubated and mechanically ventilated. The femoral and jugular arteries and jugular vein were cannulated. CPB was performed for 60 min. Penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.2, 0.6 and 2.0 mg/kg were added to the priming solution in groups LP, MP and HP respectively, while the equal volume of normal saline was added in group CPB. Evans blue was injected via femoral vein at 1 h before the animals were sacrificed. Six rats in each group were sacrificed, their brains immediately removed and the hippocampi isolated for determination of Evans blue content. The other rats were sacrificed and the hippocampi isolated to determine the water content and observe the ultrastructure of blood-brain barrier. Results Compared with group S, the Evans blue content and water content were significantly increased in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with groups CPB and LP, the Evans blue content and water content were significantly decreased in groups MP and HP ( P ＜ 0.05) . The Evans blue content was significantly lower in group HP than in group MP ( P ＜ 0.05). The CPB-induced changes were significantly attenuated in groups MP and HP compared with groups CPB and LP. Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride can protect blood-brain barrier against the CPB-induced injury and the effect is related to the dose.

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on brain injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in rats. Methods Thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 6 each): sham operation group (group S), CPB group, and low, median and high dose penehyclidine hydrochloride groups (group PL, PM , PH). Penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.2, 0.6 and 2.0 mg/kg were added to the priming solution in group PL, PM and PH respectively, while the equal volume of normal saline was added instead in group S. Blood samples were obtained at 2 h after termination of CPB to determine the plasma concentrations of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β protein. The brain tissues were taken to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons with electron microscope. Results The concentrations of NSE and S-100β protein were significantly higher in the other groups than in group S, while lower in group PM and PH than in group CPB and PL( P＜ 0.05). The S-100β protein concentration was significantly lower in group PH than in group PM( P ＜ 0.05). The damage to hippocampal neurons was significantly attenuated in group PM and Ps. Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.6 or 2.0 mg/kg can reduce the CPB-induced brain injury in a dose-dependent manner in rats.

Virophages have crucial roles in ecosystems and are the transport vectors of genetic materials. To shed light on regulation and control mechanisms in virophage--host systems as well as evolution between virophages and their hosts, the promoter motifs of virophages were predicted on the upstream regions of start codons using an analytical tool for prediction of promoter motifs: Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation. Seventeen potential promoter motifs were identified based on the E-value, location, number and length of promoters in genomes. Sputnik and zamilon motif 2 with AT-rich regions were distributed widely on genomes, suggesting that these motifs may be associated with regulation of the expression of various genes. Motifs containing the TCTA box were predicted to be late promoter motif in mavirus; motifs containing the ATCT box were the potential late promoter motif in the Ace Lake mavirus . AT-rich regions were identified on motif 2 in the Organic Lake virophage, motif 3 in Yellowstone Lake virophage (YSLV)1 and 2, motif 1 in YSLV3, and motif 1 and 2 in YSLV4, respectively. AT-rich regions were distributed widely on the genomes of virophages. All of these motifs may be promoter motifs of virophages. Our results provide insights into further exploration of temporal expression of genes in virophages as well as associations between virophages and giant viruses.
Base Sequence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Nucleotide Motifs ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Satellite Viruses ; genetics

BACKGROUND:In previous experiments, TiO2-xNy OBJECTIVE:To study the friction properties of orthodontic brackets coated with TiO-coated bracket has been confirmed to have excelent antibacterial properties and biological safety performance. 2-xNy METHODS: TiO film. 2-xNy film was prepared by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering on MBT bracket (0.022″). The TiO 2-x N y RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TiO-coated brackets were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy observations. The coefficient of static friction and coefficient of kinetic friction between the wires (0.012″, 0.014″, 0.016″) and orthodontic brackets were calculated. 2-xNy film on the bracket was of anatase structure, which was compact and had good crystalinity. Under dry condition, the coefficient of static friction and kinetic friction of the brackets coated with TiO2-xNy were less than those of ordinary brackets; under wet condition, the coefficients of static friction and kinetic friction of the brackets coated with TiO2-xNy were less than those of ordinary brackets, but the difference was not statisticaly significant. Nano-TiO2-xNy film can reduce the friction between bracket and archwire, which wil offer a novel opportunity to significantly reduce the friction during tooth movement.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different sedation depths of propofol on brain injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty-five ASA physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients of both sexes,aged 26-64 yr,weighing 50-85 kg,scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement with CPB,were divided into 3 groups according to intraoperative sedation depths (n =15each):30 ≤ bispectral index (BIS) value ＜ 40 (group A) ; 40 ≤ BIS value ≤ 50 (group B) ; 50 ＜ BIS value ≤ 60(group C).Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of lidocaine,midazolam,sulfentanil,etomidate and vecuronium.The patients were tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.PET CO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg.Anesthesia was maintained with iv infusion of propofol at a rate of 7,5 and 3 mg· kg-1 · h-1 in A,B and C groups,respectively,intermittent iv boluses of sulfentanil and pipecuronium,and intermittent inhalation of sevoflurane.The infusion rate of propofol was adjusted to maintain the corresponding anesthesic depth in each group.Before CPB (T1),at 30 min of CPB (T2),immediately after termination of CPB (T3) and at 1 h after the end of CPB (T4),blood samples were obtained from the jugular bulb vein and radial artery for determination of plasma S-100β protein concentration and for blood gas analysis,and the arterial to venous blood oxygen content difference (Dj-aO2),cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2) and jugular bulb venous to arterial blood lactic acid content difference (Dj-aL) were calculated.Results Compared with group C,the plasma S-100β protein concentrations were significantly decreased,SjvO2 was increased,and Dj-aO2 and CERO2 were decreased at T3-4,and Da-jL was decreased at T3 in groups A and B (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,the plasma S-100β protein concentrations were significantly decreased at T3-4,SjvO2 was increased at T2,Da-jO2 and CERO2 were decreased at T2,and DajL was decreased at T3 in group A (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Moderately deepened anesthetic depth of propofol (30≤ BIS value ＜ 40) is helpful in attenuating the brain injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB.