Objective: To study the higher order aberrations of emmetropic and ametropic eyes with wavefront aberrometer. Methods: Forty of cases 77 emmetropic and ametropic eyes were measured with an aberrometer based on Tscherning's principle with the pupils dilated. The Zernike coefficients and root mean square values of wavefront aberrations up to the 6th order were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The C06,C07,C08,C12,C13,C14,C24,C26,and C27 were significantly different from zero under 7 mm pupil size and the C06,C10,C12,C23,and C24 were significantly different from zero under 4 mm pupil size. There was no significant difference of higher order wavefront aberrations between emmetropic and ametropic eyes. Comparing the age of 40 years or less with the age over 40 years, there were significant differences in RMS3 between the two under 7 mm pupil size, and statistical diffenences in RMS6 and RMSh between the two under 4 mm pupil size. Conclusion: There are certain higher order wavefront aberrations in the normal human eyes, especially with the pupis dilated. No differences are found in higher order aberrations between emmetropic and ametropic eyes. The higher order aberrations of the age over 40 years are more than those of the age of 40 years or younger.

Background Conventional corticosteroid therapy after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) is topical application of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops for 4 months,but this therapy increases the ocular hypertension risk and leads to poor compliance in patients.It is necessary to explore a safe and effective brachytherapeutic drug.Objective This study was to compare the clinical outcomes between the brachytherapy of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops and the long-term therapy of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops after LASEK.Methods Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 208 right eyes in 208 mild and moderate myopia patients who received LASEK at Peking University Third Hospital from 2009 to 2013.The eye drops of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate was used 6 times daily since operation day until postoperative day 5,and 4 times daily for a week,and then tapered for three consecutive weeks in 104 eyes of the loteprednol group after LASEK,and 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops was applied topically 4 times daily for initial one month and then tapered for three consecutive months in another 104 eyes in the fluorometholone group after LASEK.Corneal epithelial healing time was compared between the two groups by recording the wearing duration of corneal contact lens.Noncontact intraocular pressure (lOP) was detected and corrected 5 days,2 weeks,1 month and 3,6 months after LASEK.Haze was scored based on the criteria of Cheng under the slit lamp microscope and apparently optometry was performed 1 month and 3,6 months after LASEK.Results The number of eyes removed corneal contact lens in 5,6 and 7 days after LASEK was not significantly different between the loteprednol group and the fluorometholone group (x2 =1.180,P =0.554).No considerable differences were seen in the eye numbers with the equivalent spherical lens (absolute value) ≤0.5 D in 1 month,3months and 6 months after LASEK (Z=-1.028,P=0.304;Z=-0.398,P=0.691;Z=-0.445,P=0.656).In the fifth days after surgery,the median corrected IOP was 13.52 mmHg and 13.12 mmHg in the loteprednol group and the fluorometholone group,respectively,showing a significant difference between them (Z =-1.985,P =0.047),but no significant differences were found in IOP in 2 weeks,1 month and 3 months,6 months after surgery between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).IOP elevated (postoperative IOP-preoperative IOP ≥ 5 mmHg) after LASEK in 5 eyes in the loteprednol group and 4 eyes in the fluorometholone group (x2 =0.116,P =0.733).In 1 month after surgery,the number of eyes in different grades of haze was significantly decreased in the loteprednol group compared with the fluorometholone group (x2=13.506,P=0.009),however,there was no significant differences in haze grading in postoperative 3 months and 6 months between the two groups (x2 =2.199,P =0.699;x2 =1.154,P =0.562).Conclusions Brachytherapy of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops appears to have a similar effect in antiinflammation and inhibition of haze to the long-term therapy of 0.1％ fluorometholone eye drops after LASEK.Furthermore,topical application of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops dose not increase the risk of ocular hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) plays an important role in the development and formation of cartilage, extremities, and joints, which is a widely used joint development marker.OBJECTIVE: To express mature peptide of human GDF-5 in E. coil by the way of genetic engineering, and to explore the inductive activity of recombinant protein in vivo.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observation experiment based on gene was performed at the Analysis and Testing Center of Southern Medical University from January to June 2006.MATERIALS: Human fetus cartilage tissue was harvested from Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, and the consent was obtained from the family. Ten KM mice were purchased from experimental animal center of Southern Medical University, half male and half female, weighing 18-22 g, aged 6-8 weeks.METHODS: The hGDF-5 gene encoding mature peptide was gained by RT-PCR from the total RNA which was extracted from fetus cartilage tissues, and was inserted into the pET22b(+) vector to construct recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid pET22b(+)-GDF5, which was transformed into E. coil BL-21 to be expressed after IPTG induction. Proteins of interest were purified with sepharose chelated with nickel ions (Ni2+) and then implanted in mouse hindlimb muscle to evaluate the biological activities by routine hematoxylin-eosin staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression, sequencing of target gene was observed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the protein expression was detected by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, meanwhile, the GDF5-inducing activity was evaluate by histological observation.RESULTS: RT-PCR product was about 350 bp in length, which was confirmed by double enzyme digestion of the recombinant plasmid, sequencing result was in agreement with the reported hGDF-5 sequence in Genbank. SDS-PAGE analysis showed a conspicuous band representing a new foreign protein with relative molecular mass of approximately 14 KD after induced expressioin. Cartilage tissues were formed in the mouse muscle where the purified proteins were implanted. CONCLUSION: The integral human GDF-5 mature peptide gene was cloned successfully from human fetus cartilage tissue and a high-yield expression was achieved in E. coli, the pudfied protein has chondrogenic activities in vivo.

Nowadays more and more biologists and immunologists focus on Galectin-1 due to the in -depth study of Galectins.As one of the important member of Galectins,Galectin-1 distributes widely,exists in a variety of tissues and cells,involves in cell adhesion,proliferation,apoptosis and inflammatory reaction,and results in a variety of physiological and pathological process.Recent studies have found that Galectin-1 expression in a variety of malignant tumor with a close relationship with tumor occurrence,invasion,development,anti-tumor immunity,and metastasis.It may be a potentially new target for cancer and inflammation therapies.This present paper reviews the current research about Galectin-1 and tumor progression.

AIM:To compare three different solvent extraction procedures affecting the extraction rate of polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.). METHODS: We used single factor experiments, optimized the extraction process of polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) by alkali solution and ethanol-alkali solution, respectively, and contrasted the two methods with the water extraction method that had been reported, determined the extraction rate of polysaccharide by optimum condition of three kinds of solvent. RESULTS: These results showed that ethanol-alkali extraction procedure had the highest extraction rate, 1.12 times more than water extraction procedure and 1.06 times more than alkali extraction procedure. CONCLUSION: Ethanol-alkali extraction procedure is a high effective and stable for polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.).

0.05).There were more complaints of postoperative pain and discomfort after LASEK procedure.No severe vision threatening complications in these two groups were found.Conclusion:Both LASIK and LASEK are safe and effective in treating eyes with severe myopia.

Objective To estimate the role of the posterior corneal parameters measured by Pentacam in screening subclinical keratoconus.Design Retrospective case-controlled study.Participants Forty five healthy subjects(73 eyes),14 keratoconus patients (20 eyes),43 subclinical keratoconus patients(58 eyes).Methods Based TOPOLYZER and biomicroscope signs,eyes were diagnosed as subclinical keratoconus and keratoconus to compare the differnces of related posterior corneal parameters provided by Pentacam in normal eyes and subclinical keratoconus or keratoconus eyes.Main Outcome Measures Back-Diff(6 mm) max,Back-Diff(6 mm )min, Back-Difference(6 mm),Back-Rmin,Back-Astig.Results The parameters which were statistically different between normal corneas and clinical keratoconus,normal corneas and subclinical keratoconus include Back-Diff(6 mm)max(P

Tomotherapy plans were produced using a combination of field widths (1 cm, 2.5 cm and 5 cm) and pitches (0.15, 0.30, and 0.45) for seven patients with brain metastases from lung cancer, the plans were compared with dosimetric parameters, protection of organs at risk (OAR) dose and treatment times. All plans were defined that CTV with 30Gy and GTV 50 Gy by ten fraction synchronously. The results showed that the mean dose and CI for GTV was statistical difference (P = 0.002 1, P = 0.012 8), OARs were within the normal range, the treatment time increased inversely proportional to the jaw width, but had lesser impact on the pitch. This study showed plans produced with 5 cm jaw was an effective method for patients with brain metastases from lung cancer.
Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Objective To study the dose characteristics of Body γ Knife and Tomotherapy treatment plans for hepatocellular carcinoma,and compare their differences between organs at risk (OAR) dose and the range of low dose.Methods CT simulation images of twelve patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were selected,the target volume and OAR were drew by doctor.Body γ Knife and Tomotherapy treatment plans were optimized with their own planning station.The dosimetric characteristics were evaluated by dose volume histograms and were compared.To analyze the difference between the two techniques,the paired t-test was applied.Results The Dmax and Dmean of target with Body γ Knife were higher than Tomotherapy (P =0.002,0.000),but the conformal index of PTV of Tomotherapy was superior to the Body γ Knife (P =0.001).The Dmax of spinal cord and left kidney with Body γ Knife was lower than Tomotherapy (P =0.013,0.012),and it was also in the Dean of stomach and left kidney (P =0.010,0.023).In the volume dose comparison,the V40,V35,V30,V25 and V20 of normal tissue (all Body-PTV) and liver (all liver-GTV) with Body γ Knife were higher than Tomotherapy (P =0.001,0.001,0.001,0.007,0.029),but the V10 and V5 were lower (P =0.019,0.031),the Dmax of stomach,Dmean of right kidney and liver were no statistical difference (P =0.247,0.308,0.401).Conclusions Both treatment plans could meet the clinical dosimetric need,by the same prescription dose,Dmax and Dmean of target of Body γ Knife were higher than Tomotherapy.Tomotherapy had excellent dose-target conformal and could reduce the range of V25-V40 of OAR and normal tissue,but the range of V5-V10 was increased obviously.

To screen interaction proteins of CVB3 VP3 from cDNA library of human heart ,yeast two hybridization was conducted in this study .The bait plasmid pGBKT7-VP3 was constructed ,VP3 fusion protein and its self-activation in AH109 yeast cells was then detected .The positive clones were confirmed by PCR amplification of cDNA inserts ,Alu I digesting ,DNA sequencing ,and Blasting were used to sort positive colonies to eliminate duplicates .Positive clones were confirmed by one-to-one yeast two hybridization ,and them were sequenced and analyzed for homology .Theα-galactosidase assay was performed to detect the interaction strength .Totally ,10 positive proteins interacting with VP3 of CVB3 were obtained by homology analy-sis,namely,EIF4A2,HADHB,GAPDH,ASPG,ACTA1,TNNI3,CKM,LMOD3,ERGIC1,and ALDH2.The strength of interactions between VP3 and 10 candidate proteins were proved byα-galactosidase assay .This study will contribute to explore the CVB3 VP3 function on molecular level and provides some new clues to explain the pathogenic mechanism of myo-carditis and cardiomyopathy .