Objective To explore the relationship and clinical significance between the serum levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and soluble P-selectin (SP-S),and carotid atherosclerosis (CA) in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients.Methods In 103 cases of MS patients and 44 healthy subjects (control group),in MS patients with 3 MS diagnostic criteria for the low risk group (51 cases),with ≥ 4 MS diagnostic criteria for high risk group (52 cases).Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque was measured by color Doppler ultrasound,serum Ox-LDL,SP-S was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and pearson regression analysis of linear correlation and classification of two non condition Logistic was performed.Results The serum levels of Ox-LDL,SP-S,carotid artery IMT in low risk group and high risk group were higher than those in control group [(36.42 ±7.17) μg/L and (54.44± 8.10) μg/Lvs.(30.08±7.15) μg/L,(71.46± 12.52) μ g/Land (89.33±20.28) μg/Lvs.(49.95 ± 12.49) μ g/L,(0.86 ± 0.11) mm and (1.00 ± 0.10) mm vs.(0.69 ± 0.11) mm],the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of plaque in high-risk group and low-risk group was significantly higher than that in control group [55.8％ (29/52) and 45.1％ (23/51) vs.15.9％ (7/44)],the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Linear correlation analysis results of Pearson display,Ox-LDL was positively correlated with SP-S (P ＜0.01).Conclusion Serum Ox-LDL and SP-S are independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in MS patients,they can evaluate progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with MS.

Aim To investigate the expression pattern of secretory clusterin ( sCLU) in lung tissues and plas-ma of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH) induced by monocrotaline ( MCT ) . Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group ( n=6 ) and MCT group ( n=24 ) , and were intraper-itoneally injected 60 mg·kg-1 MCT for MCT group or equal volume normal saline for control group. Real time PCR and Western blot were performed to investi-gate the expression pattern of sCLU mRNA and protein in rat lungs 1 ( n=6 ) , 2 ( n=6 ) , 3 ( n=6 ) and 4 (n=6) weeks after MCT injection, respectively. Im-munohitochemistry was performed to determine the lo-calization of sCLU in rat lungs. Enzyme linked immu-nosorbent assay was performed to detect the concentra-tion of sCLU in rat plasma. Results Expression of
sCLU mRNA and protein elevated significantly in time-dependent manners in rat lungs of MCT group, and sCLU mainly localized in the cytoplasma and extracel-lular matrix of cells in pulmonary arterioles. Further-more, sCLU plasma levels were significantly elevated with the progression of PAH and had positive correla-tions with pulmonary hemodynamic indices and right ventricular hypertrophic index. Conclusion sCLU was significantly elevated in MCT induced PAH rat lungs and plasma, and it may participate in the pulmo-nary vascular remodeling process. Moreover, plasma sCLU may be a potential biomarker for PAH.

Objective: To investigate the association between the CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism and the serum concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ), to provide guidance for individualized drug dosing. Methods: Eighty-four epilepsy patients taking CBZ were included in this study. Their clinical data were recorded and CBZ serum concentrations were measured. The CYP3A5 6986 genetic polymorphism was assessed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) assay. Patients were divided according to genotype into CYP3A5 expressor (CYP3A5*1/*1 genotype and CYP3A5*1/*3 genotypes) and non-expressor groups (CYP3A5*3/*3). The two groups were compared for the total dose of CBZ, dose of CBZ/kg body weight, serum drug concentration, dose-corrected serum concentration, and standardized serum concentration. Results: The total dose of CBZ and the dose of CBZ/kg body weight was higher in the CYP3A5 expressor group than the non-expressor (P = 0.043 and P = 0.014, respectively). The dose-corrected and standardized serum concentrations were lower in the CYP3A5 expressor group than the non-expressor (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was however, no signifi cant difference in serum drug concentration between the two groups (P = 0.487). Conclusions: There was a close relationship between CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism and the serum concentrations of carbamazepine.

BACKGROUND:Clinical work shows that there are a large proportion of patients suffering from osteoerthritis(OA)and osteoporosis(OP),therefore establishing OA+OP models to simulate the clinical disease in postmenopausal women addreasing the basic characteristics of lesions,will offer better prevention and treatment of OA+OP in clinical practice.OBJECTIVE:To attempt to create OA+OP animal model.DESlGN,TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled animal expedment in terms of call pathology was perforrned between August 2008 and January 2009 in the Scientific Research Center and Traditional Chinese MediciRe Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.MATERIALS:Forty 4-month-old female SD rats,weighing(210±10)g,were randomly divided into normal control group,OA group,OP group,OA+OP group.METHODS:In the OA+OP group,rats underwent abdominal incision 1.5 cm longitudinal on both sides of lumbar spine on back,followed by bilateral ovarian resection and ovarian artery ligation,to establish OP models.One month after the skin incision,left knee skin,subcutaneous tissue and fascia were cut,then joint capsule was given a vertical incision.Anterior cruciata ligament was cut off in orthophoria,meniscus was removed,followed by subcutaneous tissue and skin suture,OA model was prepared and placed under warm environment.antibiotic subcutaneous injection for 3 days,and the displacement of one month.OA group and OP group were produced in accordance with the above method of OA.OP model.Normal control rats received no treatment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:When the rats were 6 months old,the left knee femoral condyle articular cartilage were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy,left femur was used to measure proximal femoral bone mineral density.RESULTS:In three groups of model rats,articular cartilage become thinning and degeneration.In the OP model group and OA+OP model group,trabecular was sparse and arranged in disorder.In the OA model group and OA+OP model group,the incision layer was chiefly deleted,transferring layer was greatly injured,call hypertrophy and colony were observed,a large amount of blood capillary invaded into cartilage and calcification layer,even break through tidal line;in OP model group,incision layer of articular cartilage became thinning and appeared bilateral tidal line.In the OA model group and OA+OP model group,knee condylar number of special-shaped cartilage cells increased,manifested as irregular nuclei,reduced cell organelle,nuclear shnnkage,chromatin uneven distdbution,mitochondrial swelling,rough expansion of endoplasmic raticutum,accumutation of cytoplasmic microfilaments,showing lipid droplets and glycogen granules,gliel fibdllary fracture,disorder arrangement,a large number of cartilage calls were apoptotic.Three groups of model rats exhibited a dramatically decreased bone mineral density compared with control rats(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The animal modal of OA+OP was successfully established.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combined with thermochemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).Methods From June 2008 to June 2011,70 patients with LAPC were divided into radiotherapy group (30 patients) and combination group (40 patients).Radiotherapy used 3D-CRT with a 90％ to 95％ isodose curve,a single dose of 1.8 to 2.OGy,and total radiation dose 50 ～ 70 Gy.The combination group patients received simultaneous thermotherapy at 41.5 ～43.5 ℃ (1 h/fraction,twice a week for 6 times),and hyperthermia given simultaneously injected using arsenic trioxide 20 mg,recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor(rmhTNF) intravenous infusion of 10 million U,4 to 6 times,or 3D-CRT at the same time and the treatment given after gemcitabine(0.6 ～ 1.0 g/m2) on Days dl and 8 and cisplatin (DDP) (20 ～ 30 mg/m2) on Days d1-3 intravenous infusion,repeated every 28 days for 3 ～ 6 cycles.Results At 3 months after treatment,the total response (complete remission and partial remission) rate was 70.0％ (49/70),the efficiency of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy,and radiotherapy combined with thermo-chemotherapy were 56.5％ and 88.2％,and the radiotherapy alone group was 56.7％.There were significant difference in efficiency between radiotherapy combined with thermo-chemotherapy group compared to radiotherapy-chemotherapy group and radiotherapy group (x2 =4.68,4.98,P ＜ 0.05),the last two groups showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The 1-year and 2-year survival rate was 46.8％ and 20.3％,respectively.The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 52.4％ and 26.7％ in combination group,and 42.5％ and 16.2％ in radiotherapy group (x2 =14.17,P ＜ 0.05 ; x2 =9.74,P ＜ 0.05).No serious complications such as perforation,bleeding,and high fever were seen during treatment and follow-up.Conclusions 3D-CRT combined with thermochemotherapy is well tolerated and is relatively effective for the LAPC patients.

ObjectiveTo determine the peripheral serum expressions and clinical value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen CA19-9,CA242,CA72-4 and a single sialic acid ganglioside (CA50) antigen in advanced pancreatic cancer patients treated by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combined with endogenous field hyperthermia.Methods60 patients inoperable,advanced pancreatic cancer were treated by 3D-CRT combined with endogenous field hyperthermia.Radiation dose (DT) was 46 ～ 66 GY/23 ～ 33 F.Hyperthermia temperature was 41 ～ 43 ℃ 2 times/week,lasted 60 min each time.The expressions of CEA,CA19-9,CA242,CA72-4 and CA50 in peripheral serum were detected by Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) every 2 weeks during treatment,and correlation were analyzed with tumor diameter,clinical stage,lymph node metastasis.Results From the 8th week,with 3D-CRT combined with endogenous field hyperthermia ongoing,CEA,CA19-9,CA50 andCA242 expression levels showed a gradual decline.CEA,CA19-9,CA50 and CA242 expression levels were (6.22 ± 2.71 ) μg/L,(43.44 ± 12.93 ) μg/L,(23.21 ± 7.71 )g/L and (24.26 ± 8.92) μg/L in 6 weeks,respectively.The difference was statistically significant among week 6 and week 0,week2,week 4 ( P ＜0.05),however there was no significant difference between week 6 and week 8 ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The CA724 expression did not change significantly ( P ＞ 0.05 ).There were positively correlation between CEA,CA199,CA50 and CA242 with pancreatic cancer tumor size,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis( respectively r =0.877,0.725,0.826,all P ＜ 0.01 ),however CA72-4 had no correlations ( P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsCEA,CA19-9,CA50 and CA242 expressions in peripheral serum of pancreatic cancer patients were closely related to the treatment.Their joint detection can be served as independent objective evaluation reference information for the treatment efficacy and prognosis.

Multidrug resistance proteins (MRP2, ABCC2) may play a role in drug resistance in epilepsy by limiting gastrointestinal absorption and brain access of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). We sought to investigate the effects of ABCC2 polymorphisms on plasma carbamazepine (CBZ) concentrations and pharmacoresistance in Chinese patients with epilepsy. ABCC2 rs717620, rs2273697, rs3740066 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis or direct automated DNA sequencing in 80 patients treated with CBZ monotherapy. There were no differences in CBZ maintenance doses or adjusted plasma CBZ concentrations among the ABCC2 rs717620, rs2273697 and rs3740066 genotypic groups. No associations between all the studied genotypes and haplotypes involving the three SNPs of ABCC2 and CBZ resistance were observed in this patient cohort. These results suggest that ABCC2 polymorphisms may not contribute to interindividual variabilities in CBZ daily maintenance doses, plasma concentrations, and treatment efficacy.
Epilepsy

BACKGROUND: Common complication of traditional joint replacement is hip joint dislocation and large head joint implant can effectively solve this problem. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preliminary efficacy of large head metal-on-metal implants for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study. The patients were selected from Department of Joint Surgery, Xinjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between February 2007 and January 2008. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 65 patients (71 hips) undergoing large head metal-on-metal implantation in Xinjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected, including 21 females and 44 males with an average age of 54.6 years (ranging 19 to 77 years). Of them, there were 28 cases of necrosis of the femoral head, 24 of hip osteoarthritis, 9 of femoral neck fracture and 4 of acetabular dysplasia. METHODS: According to age, sex, cause of disease and preoperative joint function, the patients were divided into traditional prosthesis (n=30, 33 hips, metal-on-polyethylene implant) and large head M-O-M group (n=35, 38 hips, ASR/XL prosthesis, DePuy, Motech, Warsaw, IN, USA). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The pre and postoperative Harris scores for the hip, range of motion, periprosthetic radiolucency, leg-length inequality and complications were recorded and compared. RESULTS: All patients were followed-up. The traditional group was followed up for 20 months (ranging 13-28 months), and the large head M-O-M group was followed up for 17 months (ranging 10-26 months). The mean Harris score was 89 points (ranging 59-98) in traditional group, and 94 points (ranging 71-100) in large head M-O-M group (P=0.014). The range of motion of hip was improved, and the large head M-O-M group (34?) was superior to traditional group (26?, P=0.004) at 6 months after surgery; the range of motion was improved 27? in traditional group and 37? in large head M-O-M group (P=0.009) over 1 year of follow up. The leg-length inequality was 4 mm (2-11 mm) in large head M-O-M group and 7 mm (5-16 mm) in traditional group (P=0.005). Both groups exhibited periprosthetic radiolucency (≤1 mm, 2 cases in traditional group and 3 cases in large head M-O-M group). One patient in the traditional group suffered dislocation. CONCLUSION: The large head M-on-M implants in total hip arthroplasty has excellent short-term effects on patients compared with traditional prosthesis. They offer the more stability and better restoration of hip articulation function and biomechanical reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in tracking magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MR-MSCs) in a swine myocardial infarction (MI) model.Methods Adult Chinese mini-pigs (n = 6) were subjected to open-chest experimental MI operation.Their antegeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs ) was cultured and doubly labeled with ferumoxides and DAPL On the 14 th day after MSCs transplantation, the size and location of the myocardial infarction were assessed by using delayed-enhancement MRI (DE-MRI). Then the labeled MSCs were injected intramyocardially into peri-infarct zone and normal myocardium. At 24 hrs and 3 weeks after injection, the contrast and the volume of the MR-MSCs hypointense lesion from the MR images were acquired, and the contrast was determined using the difference in signal intensity between the hypointense and normal myocardium divided by signal intensity of the normal region.After humane euthanasia, the heart was excised and histology corresponding to MRI slices that demonstrated MR-MSCs lesions was performed.Repeated-measures ANOVA and a paired t test were used for comparison of the contrast and the volume of the MR-MSCs hypointense lesion at different time points. Comparisons between independent groups were performed with the standard Student t test.Results The labeling efficiency of ferumoxides and DAPI was 100% . On the 14 th day after the MI operation, the average percentage of infracted myocardial area was (33.6±8.9)% .Twenty- four hours after MSCs transplantation, MSCs injection sites appeared as ovoid hypointensive lesions with sharp border on T2 * images. At 24 h after injection, the signal contrast [(67.00±5.48)% vs (61.92 ±7.76)%,t = 1.65,P =0.1158] and the size [(0.56 ±0.24) cm2 vs (0.52 ± 0.25 ) cm2, t = 0.39, P = 0.7044 ] of the lesions showed no statistical difference between the peri infarct zone and the normal myocardium.At 3 weeks after injection, the signal contrast decreased and the size diminished both in the peri-infarct zone and in the normal myocardium. Moreover, the contrast of the lesions in peri-infarct zone decreased more significantly than that in normal myocardium [(26.88 +7.27)%vs (15.00 :t:4.51)%, F =20.08, P =0.0003].Post mortem analysis found the fluorescontly labeled MSCs demonstrated on histological sections.There were much more dense fluorescently labled MSCs per high power fields at injection sites of normal myocardium than at injection sites of peri-infarct zone [ (106 ±25 )/HPF vs ( 143 ± 31 )/HPF, t = - 2.47, P = 0.0293 ].In MSCs injection sites of the peri-infarct zone,the capillary density was significantly higher than that in control sites [ (13.4 ± 4.0 )/HPF vs (9.4 ±3.1 )/HPF, t = 2.49, P = 0.0229].At 3 weeks after injection, ferumoxide was contained within partial original MSCs.Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging of MSCs is a feasible method for the in vivo tracking of transplanted stem cells and could reflect the tendency of the local stem cell quantity, but there still has limitation for the semi-quantitation of the transplanted stem cells.

T-cell internal antigen-1 (TIA-1) has roles in regulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA translation, and stress granule (SG) formation in human cells. As an evolutionarily conserved response to environmental stress, SGs have been reported in various species. However, SG formation in chicken cells and the role of chicken TIA-1 (cTIA-1) in SG assembly has not been elucidated. In the present study, we cloned cTIA-1 and showed that it facilitates the assembly of canonical SGs in both human and chicken cells. Overexpression of the chicken prion-related domain (cPRD) of cTIA-1 that bore an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag (pntGFP-cPRD) or Flag tag (pFlag-cPRD) induced the production of typical SGs. However, C-terminal GFP-tagged cPRD induced notably large cytoplasmic granules that were devoid of endogenous G3BP1 and remained stable when exposed to cycloheximide, indicating that these were not typical SGs, and that the pntGFP tag influences cPRD localization. Finally, endogenous cTIA-1 was recruited to SGs in chicken cells and tissues under environmental stress. Taken together, our study provide evidence that cTIA-1 has a role in canonical SG formation in chicken cells and tissues. Our results also indicate that cPRD is necessary for SG aggregation.
Chickens ; Clone Cells ; Cycloheximide ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Humans ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Precursors ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes