This paper analyses the characteristics of USB bus power.Based on the power demand of the circuits for neuromuscular rehabilitator,power voltage transformation circuits are designed for the realization of USB bus power supply.

131 I-metabolizing genes are markers for differentiation of thyroid carcinoma.The loss or down-regulation of these genes represents progression of dedifferentiation,which results in low 131 I uptake and suggests a poor prognosis.The mechanism of dedifferentiation of DTC is important for treatment.This article reviews the mechanism of dedifferentiation from 131I radiation damage,gene mutation,tumor markers and protein.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of upper gastrointestinal injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Methods A total of 1032 patients which used NSAIDs was selected.Patients were divided into two groups based on the condition of dyspepsia,peptic ulcer or upper gastrointestinal bleeding:the adverse drug reaction group (331 cases) and the control group (701 cases).Data of two groups on clinical presentation,laboratory test,medication and treatment were analyzed.Risk factors for the adverse drug reaction were identified by multivariable Logistic regression.Results The two groups had significant difference in age ＞ 65 years old,Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection,ulcer history,drug overdose,combination with glucocorticoid,addicted to tobacco and alcohol history,non-specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase(COX)-2,combination with anticoagulant,concomitant chronic cardiopulmonary disease (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis by backward elimination method revealed that following variables retained,such as combination with glucocorticoid (OR =3.104,95％ CI 1.936-4.695),Hp infection (OR =2.768,95％ CI 2.047-3.742),drug overdose (OR =2.411,95％ CI 1.683-3.453),ulcer history (OR =1.781,95％ CI 1.278-2.480),age ＞ 65 years old (OR =1.659,95％ CI 1.237-2.225),non-specific inhibitor of COX-2 (OR =1.470,95％ CI 1.103-2.133),addicted to tobacco and alcohol history (OR =1.459,95％ CI 1.032-2.064),concomitant chronic cardiopulmonary disease (OR =1.357,95％ CI 1.008-2.143),P＜0.05.Conclusion Combination with glucocorticoid,Hp infection,drug overdose,ulcer history,age ＞ 65 years old,non-specific inhibitor of COX-2,addicted to tobacco and alcohol history,concomitant chronic cardiopulmonary disease are risk factors of upper gastrointestinal injury induced bv NSAIDs.

Objective To analyze artifacts of gross tumor volume (GTV) and correlated factors in each phase images of four dimensional CT (4DCT) for peripheral lung cancer based on three dimensional CT (3DCT) assisted with active breathing control.Methods Nineteen patients with peripheral lung cancer underwent 3DCT (CTFB) and 4DCT simulation scans during free breathing and then underwent 3DCT simulation scans in end inspiration hold (CTEIH) and end expiration hold (CTEEH) assisted with active breathing control.The relative deviations (Devref) between the reference GTV (GTVref) and the GTVsdelineated based on CTFB (GTVFB) and all phases of 4DCT were calculated respectively.Correlations between GTVref and Devmax and between the tumor motion in the cranio-caudal (CC) direction and Devref were analyzed.Results The maximum median Devref of GTV was GTVFB with 17.83％,and the maximum median Devref of the GTV in all phases of 4DCT was GTV30 with 17.20％.A significant negative correlation was found between GTVEIH and Devmax (r =-0.691,P =0.001).The Devref was crrnelated with the tumor motion amplitude in the CC direction (r =0.323-0.617,P =0.005-0.150).The partial regression coefficient of influence of GTVref size and motion amplitude in the CC direction to the tumor Devmax were -0.500 and 0.583,P =0.002 and 0.001,respectively.Conclusions The GTV artifacts in different phase of 4DCT for the peripheral lung cancer were different to each other,and the influence of target displacement to artifacts was larger than that of target volume,so artifacts could be reduced by controlling breathing to reduce target displacement.

Background and purpose:A pressing obstacle in clinical chemotherapy is drug resistance in breast cancer.A nano-delivery system,which has many advantages as a drug carrier,such as carrying anticancer drugs,can be used effectively to overcome drug resistance in tumors.This paper examined a new nano-delivery system,called calcium phosphate and glycerophosphocholine-mPEG(CAP/GPC-MPEG)composite nanoparticle and its influence on the cellular drug uptake of BCRP-over expressing mitoxantrone(MIT)-resistant breast cancer cell MCF-7/MIT.This paper will also examine its effect on overcoming drug resistance in the MCF-7/MIT cells.Methods:After the calcium phosphate and GPC-mPEG composite nanoparticles were designed and prepared,the entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release of mitoxantrone-loaded nanoparticles were investigated.Quantitative comparisons were made between cellular uptake of drug-loaded nanoparticles and free drugs.Finally,a confocal laser scanning microscopy Was used to compare the subcellular distribution of drug-loaded nanoparticles and the free drugs.Results:Calcium phosphate and GPC-mPEG composite nanoparticles were nanoporous spherical particles with diameters between 50-100 mn.The MIT-loaded nanoparticles have an entrapment efficiency of(89.45±0.05)%.Although the drug-loaded nanoparticles showed an initial burst of drug release,it was followed by a more sustained release.The concentration of mitoxantrone was 1.89 times treated with MIT-loaded nanoparticles for 1 h compared to that treated with free mitoxantrone for 1 h in MCF-7/MIT cells.and which was 2.33 times in MCF-7 cells.Fluorescent red mitoxantrone appeared in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the MCF-7 and MCF-7,MIT cells treated with MlT-loaded nanoparticles whereas it is almost undetected in both cells treated with free mitoxantrone.Conclusion:Calcium phosphate and GPC-mPEG composite nanoparticles Can promote the cellular uptake and entering of mitoxantrone to the nucleus in MCF-7 and its corresponding BCRP-over expressing MIT-resistant MCF-7/MIT breast cancer cell lines.This nanoparticle is a potential nano-carrier for overcoming drug resistance in tumors.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM ) based vancomycin dose adjustment in patients with gram‐positive infections .Methods A cohort study was designed with 128 inpatients undergoing TDM in Huashan Hospital from January 2005 to September 2014 .The clinical data of these patients were used to analyze the efficacy and safety of vancomycin therapy by Cox model and survival analysis .Results The patients undergoing TDM‐based dose adjustment had a higher daily dose and blood trough concentration ,which may lead to better bacteriological efficacy and overall efficacy .Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that TDM‐based dose adjustment is a protective factor .No safety‐related risk factor was found .Conclusions TDM‐based vancomycin dose adjustment is important for patients to achieve better outcomes in fighting gram‐positive infections .

Objective To compare the position,volume and matching index (MI) of esophagus between quiet end-inspiration and end-expiration in three dimensional CT (3D-CT) assisted with active breathing control (ABC) and the corresponding phases in four dimensional CT (4D-CT).Methods Eleven patients with peripheral lung cancer underwent 4D-CT simulation scan and 3D-CT simulation scans in end-inspiratory hold (CTEIH) and end-expiratory hold (CTEEH) in succession.The 0％ phase was defined as end-inspiratory phase (CT0),while the 50％ phase was defined as end-expiratory phase (CT50).The proximal,mid-,and distal thoracic esophagus were delineated separately on CT0,CT50,CTEIH and CTEEH images.The position,volume and MI of each segment esophagus between CT0 and CTEIH,CT50 and CTEEH were compared.Results In the left-right (x) direction,the position differences in the proximal,mid-,and distal thoracic esophagus between CT0and CTEIH were (-0.02 ±0.16)cm,(0.06 ± 0.26)cm and (0.10 ± 0.33) cm respectively,and in the anterior-posterior (y) direction,the position differences were (0.04 ±0.24)cm,(0.04 ±0.12) cm and (0.08 ±0.15) cm respectively,and the position differences in the same direction were not statistically significant.In the x direction,the position differences of the proximal,mid-,or distal thoracic esophagus between CT50 and CTEEH were (-0.02 ±0.24) cm,(0.12 ± 0.37) cm and (0.26 ± 0.33) cm respectively,and in the y direction,the position differences were (0.03 ±0.21)cm,(0.04 ±0.17)cm and (0.14 ±0.18)cm respectively,and the position differences in x and y directions of proximal and mid-thoracic esophagus between CT50 and CTEEH were not statistically significant,while the position differences in x and y directions of distal thoracic esophagus between CT50and CTEEH were both statistically significant (t =0.025,0.024,P ＜ 0.05).The volumes of the proximal,mid-and distal thoracic esophagus were all larger in CT0and CT50 than those in CTEIHand CTEEH,but without statistical differences.The MIs of the volumes of the proximal,mid-and distal thoracic esophagus between CT0 and CTEIH were (0.50 ± 0.17),(0.50 ± 0.19) and (0.56 ± 0.08),respectively,and those between CT50and CTEEH were (0.50 ±0.16),(0.47 ±0.14) and (0.51 ±0.15),respectively.The MI of each segment esophagus between CT0and CTEIHwas larger than that between CT50 and CTEEH,but without statistical differences.Conclusions The influence of breathing modes on the centroid positions of the proximal,mid-thoracic normal esophagus were not significant and there were spatial mismatches for any segment esophagus between 3D-CT assisted with ABC and 4D-CT.

Objective:To construct recombinant lentiviral vectors harboring interference RNA ( RNAi ) targetting murine TNF-αgene,so as to lay the foundation on the RNAi gene therapy.Methods: Three small interfering RNA ( siRNA) sequences targeting murine TNF-αgene ( siRNA1,siRNA2,siRNA3) and negative-control siRNA were designed and synthesized.The inhibition effects of siRNAs on TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 secretion of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were observed using real-time PCR and ELISA methods.DNA oligo was designed and synthesized according to the most effective siRNA 2 sequence.The recombinant lentiviral shuttle plasmid expressing short hairpin RNA ( shRNA) was constructed and sequenced.The lentiviral shuttle plasmids with packaging plasmids were transfected into 293T cells to produce lentiviral particles.Results: ①The TNF-αmRNA relative expression levels of siRNA1, siRNA2 and siRNA3 were 0.24±0.01,0.16±0.02,0.19±0.01 respectively,significantly lower than that of negative control (0.95± 0.02) (F=531.3,P<0.001).The inhibition rates at mRNA level were 74.26%,83.09%,79.93%,respectively comparing with negative control.No significance was observed in IL-1βor IL-6 mRNA relative expression change after TNF-αsiRNA transfection ( P>0.05).②The TNF-αprotein expression levels of siRNA1,siRNA2 and siRNA3 were (23.95±1.21),(17.27±1.46),(19.07± 1.57)ng/ml respectively,significantly lower than that of negative control (35.37±2.93)ng/ml (F=18.1,P=0.000 6<0.001).The inhibition rates of protein expression were 32.29%, 51.16%, 46.08%, respectively comparing with negative control.③The PCR product electrophoresis showed that recombinant vectors yielded 343 bp fragments,non-constructed vectors yielded 306 bp fragments.DNA sequencing partially showed insertion sequence.④Lentiviral particles were obtained by transfecting 293T cells with recombinant lentiviral shuttle plasmids and lentiviral packaging plasmids.Cells grew well during virus production with strong fluorescence expression.The titer of concentrated virus was 2×106 TU/μl.Conclusion:The lentiviral vector harboring RNAi targeting murine TNF-αgene has been successfully constructed.

Objective To investigate the role of IQ domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) in angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-induced podocyte apoptosis and the underlying mechanism.Methods Differentiated mouse podocytes were exposed to Ang Ⅱ at different concentrations for 6 h or at 10-8 mol/L for variable incubation time.Podocyte apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.Expression of IQGAP1 was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.IQGAP1 siRNA and MAPK pathway inhibitors(10 μmol/L SB202190,25 μmol/L SP600125,10 μmol/L U0126) were further introduced to investigate the role of IQGAP1 and MAPK signalings in the process.And coimmunoprecipitation was used to evaluate the interaction between ERK1/2 and IQGAP1.Results (1)Ang]] promoted podocyte apoptosis in a dose-and time-dependent manner.(2) IQGAP1 was located in celluar membrane and cytoplasm of cultured podocytes.Exposure to Ang Ⅱ stimulated IQGAP1expression in a dose-and time-dependent manner,and elevated phosphorylation of p38,JNK,and ERK1/2 simultaneously.(3) Pretreatment with SB202190,SP600125,or U0126 dramatically prevented Ang Ⅱ-promoted podocyte apoptosis respectively (P ＜ 0.05).However,the protein level of IQGAP1 was not altered.(4) Knockdown of IQGAP1 with siRNA obviously prevented Ang]Ⅱ-induced apoptosis of podocytes(P ＜ 0.05) and reduced Ang Ⅱ-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2(P ＜ 0.05),but not that of p38,JNK.This was accompanied by a reduced interaction between ERK1/2 and IQGAP1(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion IQGAP1 contributes to Ang Ⅱ-induced podocyte apoptosis by interacting with the ERK1/2 signaling protein.

Objective To study the sonographic features of fetal lung in normal and preeclampic pregnancies,with follow-up on the occurrence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS),as well as,examine the effects of preeclampsia (PE) on fetal lung maturity (FLM).Methods We collected data from 140 cases during the early pregnancy period (29 to ＜34 weeks),100 cases during the late pregnancy period (34 to 39 weeks),as well as 240 cases of normal pregnancies with the same gestational ages for the contwl group.Data included the parameters of fetal lung maturity measured by ultrasound and the incidence of NRDS postpartum.We analyzed the effects of PE on fetal lung maturity.Results The right fetal lung from the early onset PE group was significantly smaller than that of the normal group.There was no difference in the right lung area between the PE group and the normal group of the same gestational age.Compared with the normal group of the same gestational age,the LHR group had no difference in the early and late PE groups.The acceleration time/ejection time of the main pulmonary artery in the early and late PE group was significantly higher than that of the normal group.There was no difference in the incidence of NRDS among all the groups of the same gestational age.Conclusion PE has no significant effect on fetal lung function or maturation of the pulmonary tissues.Lung maturation may precede the same gestational age without PE.