OBJECTIVE To investigate the hospitals containing above 500 sickbeds in the Beijing area,in order to find out the relationship between the environmental sanitation monitoring(including air,object surface,medical personnel hand,using desinfectant compound,and ultraviolet lamps) and the hospital infection control.METHODS Choosing hospitals with above 500 sickbeds in Beijing,through a written survey and questionnaire covering the actual environmental sanitation monitoring quantity,the positive rate and the situations of hospital infections outbreak in 2005,then calculate the statistical analysis.RESULTS After calculating the environmental sanitation monitoring cost for the hospitals with above 500 sickbeds,it could conclude the monitoring expense for 1000 sickbeds hospital per year for each bed was 192.10 RMB;the monitoring expense for 500 sickbeds hospital per year for each bed was 145.60 RMB.It could also conclude the positive rate of object surface and the hands of medical personnel was higher.CONCLUSIONS Through the analysis,each hospital carries out the monitor according to the requirement of the "Standards",the monitoring expense for hospitals with 1000 sickbeds is higher that of hospitals with 500 sickbeds.It is no correlation between the hospital monitoring positive rate and the hospital infection outbreak.The medical personnel′s knowledge of hospital infection control and hand hygiene training must be strengthened.

OBJECTIVE According to the development of nosocomial infection management in China,we design a series of nosocomial infection surveillance and management system,in order to work effectively in real time to control nosocomial infection outbreak,standardly collecting and analyzing the surveillance data of the critical department/area and risk factors for nosocomial infection,so a scientific management for nosocomial infection can be realized.METHODS Adopting C/S framework,the backstage supporter adopted the large-scale database of SQL SERVER 2000 edition,the front application program used PowerBuilder7 programming.The application software where collected all data about nosocomial infection information was integrated into the each work station of the information system,in order to form nosocomial infection surveillance and management network related to any department of the hospital.RESULTS System could come down with the hospital infection case which every hospital department could find to check,put in order,report,count,analyze,have a look around,inquire about,feedback,form the monitoring chart with excellent pictures and texts,and make the better prognosis of the nosocomial infection outbreak.CONCLUSIONS Beijing nosocomial infection surveillance and management system is a medical quality control system of a hospital.This software could afford scientific and standard data for the health care institution and administration to realize the primary information of nosocomial infection and make decisions.

OBJECTIVE According to the characteristics of ophthalmic surgical instruments,to select the best sterilization method in order to guide clinic.METHODS The different methods of disinfection and sterilization,surgical volume and postoperative infection of ophthalmic surgical instruments from 2005 to 2007 were reiewed and compared the current pros and cons of various sterilization methods.RESULTS The use of low-temperature sterilizer before(2005) the number of surgical cases of 2275 cases,the infection rate was 0.04%;the use of low temperature plasma sterilizer after the(2006) the number of surgical cases of 2752 cases,the infection rate was 0;the use of low-temperature plasma and low-temperature steam formaldehyde sterilization sterilization(2007) Example surgery for 2830 cases,the infection rate was 0.035 percent;low-temperature sterilization of surgical instruments can ensure sterilization,but also enhance the volume of surgery.CONCLUSIONS Hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization technology with the use of low-temperature range,fast,convenient and reliable features,more suitable for ophthalmic surgical instruments after the section of the sterilizer.

OBJECTIVE To search an applicable software in order to achieve real time monitoring and processing management for nosocomial infection which may improve the medical service efficiently through comparing with three different methods.METHODS To analyze and compare the three surveillance methods:the manual summed-up statistical methods,the National Computer Management System for Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Network and the Beijing Information System for Nosocomial Infection Surveillance and Control(Beijing System).RESULTS Beijing System is much more pragmatic and multipurpose than the two others.CONCLUSIONS Beijing System has the feature of wide coverage and convenience manipulating.It is confirmed practical and universal.And it is superexcellent and available for different kinds of hospitals.So Beijing System is worth for being popularized.

Objective To observe the effect of aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent on the ability of space learning and memory in the rats with Alzheimer' s disease (AD) induced by Aβ 25-35 and Dgalactose and to explore the mechanisms underlying those improvements. Methods The animal model of AD was established by Aβ 25-35 stereotactic injection into the hippocampus of rats in 5 minutes,while long-term intraperitoneal injection with D-gal. After the injection of Aβ25-35,rats were treated with aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent for the next 30 days. Morris water maze with computer system and the spatial exploration experiments were used to assess the behavior performances of the rats. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of BiP, PERK and CHOP. Results The ability of space learning and memory of rats complex model of Alzheimer's disease induced by Aβ25-35 and D-gal was damaged,while escape latency was (20.90± 9.16 ) s,and the proportion of original platform quadrant was ( 11.05 ± 4.43 ) %. The expression level of Bip was reduced ,while the mean gray was ( 139.71 ± 3.47 ). The expression level of PERK and CHOP was increased,while the mean gray were (97.96 ± 5.97 ), ( 110.93±4.91 )separately. The escape latency of rats in the aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent treated groups was ( 5.41 ± 3.47 ) s and shorter than the model group,while the proportion of original platform quadrant was (48.28 ± 7.03 )% and higher than the model group.The expression level of Bip in the treated group was higher than the model group, while the mean gray were ( 121.17 ±4.76). The expression level of PERK and CHOP in the treated group was lower than the model group,while the mean gray were ( 122.11 ± 4.73 ), ( 123.34 ± 7.73 ) separately. Significant differences were observed between model group and aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent treated groups (P＜ 0. 05 ～ 0. 01 ).Conclusion Aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent can improve learning and memory disorders of the model rats induced by Aβ25-35 and D-galactose. ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and correlated apoptosis pathway might be involved in the underlying mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the knowledge about hand hygiene among the outpatients and then take some valid methods to enhance their understanding about hand hygiene.METHODS By randomly asking patients from two departments in a level A of the tertiary hospital,one was a digestion and the other was a non-digestion department question designed by ourselves.The data were generally described by percentage and ?2 test with SPSS 6.0.RESULTS All the patients had not enough and correct hand hygiene knowledge from both two groups.The patients from digestion department paid more attention on their hand hygiene than from non-digestion one.The most patients from both two groups thought they needed to know more about hand hygiene and hospital should equipped with some fast hands cleaning instruments.CONCLUSIONS It is a very important duty for nurses to explain and publicize more about general hygiene and show patients how to clean their hands in order to decrease hospital infection.

Objective To explore the influencing factors and countermeasures for prevention and health care in community health service.Methods A random sampling method in our county, 13 community health centers, 152 community health stations, 2 county hospitals, 2 special hospitals was used for the investigation to analyzes the obstacles in carrying out the preventive care service and to work out measures.Results By strengthening prevention and health care management, the problems in prevention and shortage of health care funds, feasibility to preventive care service, community nurses'comprehensive quality, poor awareness of community residents were significantly im-proved (p>0.05).Conclusion Pertinent to the influencing factors for health care and prevention work in commu-nity health service, targeted measures should be made to improve the financial problem, improve the feasibility, im-prove community medical service to provide a strong guarantee for the protection of the health of residents.

Objective To evaluate the influence of black dots,isolated line above the best correct visual acuity and multiple lines containing the best correct visual acuity in the accuracy of Jackson cross cylinder examination.Methods Forty students were chosen(11 males,29 females,between 24 to 29 years old).Routine examination of phoropter was used to check under the maximum plus to maximum visual acuity(MPMVA) status.The sequence of three fixation targets was chosen randomly.Astigmatism chart was used to judge the best one when the different results were obtained.Results Among the 80 eyes of 40 students,12 eyes were spherical(the cylinder degree below 0.25 DC).The response of three fixation targets was the same in 19 eyes(27.9%),23 eyes(33.8%)were sensitive to the black dots target,14 eyes(20.6%)were sensitive to the isolated line above the best correct visual acuity,12 eyes(17.6%) were sensitive to multiple lines containing the best correct visual acuity.Kruska Wallis Test was used to detect the difference among three groups.No significant difference was found(?2 =4.026,P=0.134).Conclusion According to the efficiency of examination,communication and judgment,black dots target is recommended although no difference is detected among three fixation targets.

OBJECTIVE To study on control measures of surgical site infection.METHODS By forward-looking survey methodology,surgical patients(including obstetrics) with surgical incision infection were investigated.RESULTS The highest infection rate(2.67%) were found in patients with surgical trauma to the largest,longest operation time,coronary artery bypass grafting.In 11 cases surgical site infections,only 1 case were given antibiotics before anesthesia,10 cases were administrated antibiotics post operation more than 4 days.The correct rate of preoperative and postoperative usage of antibiotics was only 9.09%.The size of surgical trauma,operative time,perioperative usage of antibiotics were related to the infection rate.CONCLUSIONS Target monitoing of the surgical site infection can decrease the infection rate.

Objective To investigate advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic thyroidectomy.Methods A total of 61 consecutive patients with thyroid diseases from December 2003 to August 2004 in this hospital were freely divided into two groups: the Endoscopic Group(30 patients) and the Open Group(31 patients).The operating time,blood loss,hospital stay,postoperative pain assessment,jugular sensation 3 months after operation, swallowing function,and cosmetic outcomes between the two groups were compared.Results The operating time in the Open Group was significantly shorter than that in the Endoscopic Group(78?34 min vs 126?53 min;t=4.125,P=0.000).The intraoperative blood loss was less in the Endoscopic Group(20?13 ml) than in the Open Group(34?19 ml)(t=-3.313,P=0.002).The postoperative pain in the Endoscopic Group was slighter than that in the Open Group 24 and 48 hours after operation(t=3.255,P=0.002;t=-2.598,P=0.012).Three months after operation,jugular hypesthesia and discomfort at swallowing occurred in 1 and 2 patients in the Endoscopic Group,respectively,whereas jugular hypesthesia or paresthesia occurred in 11 patients(?~2=10.594,P=0.001) and discomfort at swallowing happened in 9 patients((?~2=5.773),P=0.016) in the Open Group.All patients in the Endoscopic Group were satisfied with the cosmetic results,but 19 patients in the Open Group complained of unsatisfactory cosmetic outcomes(?~2=52.141,P=0.000).Conclusions Endoscopic thyroidectomy gives little blood loss,mild postoperative pain,and good cosmetic results,being a feasible and safe procedure.