Objective To observe the effect of chronic variable stress on the forced swimming test of rats,and investigate its preliminary mechanism.Methods First a mark was given to each Wistar rat by forced swimming test.12 Wistar rats which had similar scores were selected and divided into control group and model group averagely.The behavior changes of rats were induced in the forced swimming test by chronic stress and the plasma cortisol level was analyzed through radioimmunoassay(RIA) methods.The changes of hippocampus CA3 structure were observed with microscope.Results Compared with control group,chronic variable stress increased immobility time,reduced climbing time evidently and enhanced the weight of adrenal gland and the level of plasma cortisol(P

Objective To study the incidence and risk factors of infection caused by methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a targeted surveillance at intensive care unit (ICU) acquired MRSA infection in Tianjin area.Methods A prospective multi-center observational analysis of consecutive patients admitted to 15 adult ICUs from March 1,2012 through March 31,2014 was carried out.The ICUs were divided into four groups according to the type of the ICU.All of the patients were cared for with routine MRSA surveillance.A number of risk markers and prognostic factors were recorded.The risk factors contributing to ICU acquired MRSA were evaluated using a logistic regression model.Comparison of survival between groups was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method.Results A total of 1 787 patients were enrolled,and 144 cases of them were MRSA infections.The patients with MRSA infection were significantly older than those with non-MRSA infection (P =0.043),length of ICU stay,length of antimicrobial therapy,the history of repeated administration of antibiotics in recent days,history of operation in the past five years,history of MRSA infection or colonization,frequent application of and the overall length of time for mechanical ventilation and central venous catheter and catheter-associated infection were significantly higher than those with non-MRSA infection.The survival rate of patients with non-MRSA infection were higher than those with MRSA infection (x2 =9.23,P =0.004).The rate of MRSA infection and MRSA colonization in 2013 were significantly lower than that in 2012,because the rate of hand hygiene rule execution and bacterial clearance rate were significantly higher in 2013.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that advanced age (OR =1.05,95％ CI:1.009-1.086),length of ICU stay (OR =1.05,95％ CI:1.01-1.08),history of MRSA infection or colonization (OR =1.33,95％ CI:1.82 -3.27),glucocorticoid therapy (OR =2.85,95％ CI:1.18-6.91),antacid medicine (OR =4.92,95％ CI:1.18-20.58),history of recent or repeated application of antibiotics (OR =3.26,95％ CI:1.06-4.59) catheter-associated infections (OR =2.22,95％ CI:1.08-4.59) were associated with ICU acquired MRSA infections.Conclusions Performing the rule of hand hygiene strictly as well as strengthening prevention and control of MRSA infections can effectively reduce the incidence of ICU acquired MRSA infections.The advanced age,length of ICU stay,history of MRSA infection or colonization,glucocorticoid therapy,antacids medicine,history of recent or repeated application of antibiotics,catheterassociated infections were independent risk factors of ICU acquired MRSA infections.

0.05).Seroquel showed high incidence rate of drowsiness,dizziness and weight gain(26.1%,23.9%,17.3%),chlorpromazine showed high incidence rate of extrapyramidal side effect,pyknocardia and erect collapse(60.9%,39.1%,32.6%).CONCLUSIONS:There was no significant difference of curative effect for the treat-ment of schizophrenia between seroquel-treated group and chlorpromazine-treated group,but seroque showed low side effect and high safety.