Purpose: To understand the influence to depth doses and peripheral doses by Enhanced Dynamic Wedge and physical wedge.Methods: The depth doses and peripheral doses were measurement for open field and Enhanced Dynamic Wedge field as well as physical wedge.Results: ⑴ depth doses and peripheral doses for Enhanced Dynamic Wedge fields was very similar to those for open fields ⑵ depth doses and peripheral doses for physical wedge fields was large than those for open fields. Conclusion: depth doses measured for open fields can also be used for Enhanced Dynamic Wedge fields dose calculation. Wedge depth dose must be used in the physical wedge fields dose calculation. It should be pay attend to peripheral doses for physical wedge fields in the clinic.

Objective To compare the accuracy of output factor calculation for rectangular inserts of electron beams by using three kinds of algorisms: square root, one dimensional formula and area periphery ration. Methods The differences between the values of output factor calculated by these three algorithms mentioned above and the results measured by ionization chamber for seven rectangular inserts were compared. Results When beam energy was fixed, the difference between calculated and measured output factors was larger for area periphery ration algorithm than that of the square root or one dimensional formula algorithms. The electron cone size, beam energy and rectangular inserts size all had some effect on the value of output factor calculated by the three algorithms. Conclusions The area periphery ration algorithm is not recommended for clinical use because of its great deviation. One dimensional formula and square root algorisms possess a good accuracy. One dimensional formula is superior to square root algorithm, but square root algorithm is more practical for clinical use.

The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability were studied in 18 healthy volunteers. A single oral dose of 150 mg irbesartan capsule (test) or tablet (reference) was given to each volunteer according to a randomized 2-way crossover study. The concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC-UV method. The main parameters of irbesartan capsules were: Cmax: 1.502 +/- 0.295 micrograms/ml, tmax: 1.44 +/- 0.34 h, t 1/2: 20.21 +/- 14.71 h, AUC0-t: 11.087 +/- 3.443 micrograms/ml-1.h. The relative bioavailability of capsule to tablet was (101.4 +/- 28.9)%. The results of statistical analysis showed that two formulations were bioequivalent.
Biological Availability ; Biphenyl Compounds/blood ; Biphenyl Compounds/*pharmacokinetics ; Capsules ; Cross-Over Studies ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Tablets ; Tetrazoles/blood ; Tetrazoles/*pharmacokinetics

nges in standard square field.

Objective To clarify the expression of Tbx3 gene in breast cancer tissues and its clinical significance, and the expression of Tbx3 gene in different clinical pathological characteristic breast cancer. Methods Expression of Tbx3 gene in 53 specimens of breast cancer and 28 specimens of normal breast tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry, analysing the clinical significance. Meanwhile the correlation of expression of Tbx3 gene in breast cancer classified was investigated by estrogen receptor ( ER),lymph node metastasis, Her-2 status. Results Positive rate of Tbx3 gene in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal breast tissues [73.58% (39/53) vs 14.29% (4/28)] (P ＜ 0.05).Positive rate of Tbx3 gene in ER positive breast cancer tissues was higher than that in ER negative breast cancer tissues [ 84.38% (27/32) vs 57.14% ( 12/21 ) ] (P ＜ 0.05 ). Positive rate of Tbx3 gene in breast cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in breast cancer tissues without lymph node metastasis [86.21%(25/29) vs 58.33% (14/24) ] (P ＜ 0.05). Positive rate of Tbx3 gene in Her-2 positive breast cancer tissues was higher than that in Her-2 negative breast cancer tissues[ 93.75%(15/16) vs 64.86% (24/37) ] (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Tbx3 gene is over expressed in breast cancer tissues. It is related to ER, lymph node metastasis, Her-2 status.

Objective To investigate the value of pathological examination in the diag-nosis of lethal cases due to acute poisoning.Methods The macroscopic and microscopic find-ings in 28 autopsy cases (10 cases of toxic gas,7 cases of pesticide,6 cases of drug,3 cases of alcohol and 2 cases of chinese herbal medicine) died of acute poisoning during the period from October,2001 to June,2012 were retrospectively reviewed.Results Gross Changes were found on gross examination in 22 of the 28 cases studied.Of them,7 cases died of acute carbon mono-xide poisoning had showed cherry red of Shiban,muscle,visceral organs and blood.In addition,11 and 8 cases had been found gastric mucosa hemorrhage and epicardium petechial hemorrhage respectively.Histologically,myocardial interstitial hemorrhage was observed in 9 cases,pulmonary hemorrhage in 18 cases,bronchospasm in 12 cases,cerebral hemorrhage in 4 cases,hepato-cyte necrosis in 11 cases,renal tubular necrosis in 7 cases and gastric mucosa hemorrhage in 11 cases.In 6 cases of oral pesticides poisoning,besides they had all gastric mucosa hemorrhage,the change of character of gastric contents was found in 3 cases and pesticide odor from stomach in 3 cases.In addition,acute inflammatory and necrosis of gastric wall in 6 cases of oral pesticides poisoning were observed under the light microscope.Drug addicts often suffered from chronic lesions in multiple organs,such as chronic liver disease,fatty infiltration of the myocardium with myocardial atrophy,interstitial lung disease and pulmonary foreign body granuloma.Conclusions Pathology examination is helpful in the diagnosis of some lethal cases due to acute ooisoning,and it can provide pathological basis to study on treatment of acute poisoning.

In order to discuss the methods for the promotion of bilingual teaching in general medical college,we have carried out bilingual teaching of pathology for the undergraduate students of clinical medical department by exactly comprehending the meaning of “bilingual teaching”,training a troop of high-quality bilingual teachers,sensibly selecting and using the original edition of English teaching materials and bilingual assistant teaching materials,as well as experimenting feasible teaching means,the results are successful and the primary experience has been got.

Purpose: To analyses the variation regularity of output factor of lead block fields for high energy electron beam of Varian 2300 C/D linear accelerator. Methods: Output factors of lead block fields were measured for four standard applicators under various electron beam energy. Results: The variations of output factor with field side or with applicators size were no obvious regularity Output factor of lead block fields was related to standard applicators size and lead block fields side Output factor of lead block fields was related to electron beam energy. Conclusion: Electron beam energy, standard applicator size and lead block fields side had a obvious influence upon output factor. The accurate measurement should be performed for use electron beam energy in the clinic.

AIM To explore the effects of Xuebijing Injection (Carthami Flos,Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,etc.) on serum CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 levels in patients with severe acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP).METHODS Seventy-two cases of patients with AOPP treated from Jan 2014 to Mar 2016 in the emergency department of our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,the control group treated with atropine,pralidoxime chloride and conventional treatment,and the observation group combined with Xuebijing Injection.The dynamic changes of serum CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 levels,and clinical curative effects were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The serum CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the two groups were decreased in turn before the treatment,at the 3rd,7th days after the treatment,and the serum CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group;the dosage of atropine,time of cholinesterase activity recovered 60％ and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group;the rebound rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group.The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group.All the differences had statistical significances (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION Xuebijing Injection can effectively inhibit the inflammatory response,reduce the incidence of complications,shorten the course,and improve the clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with AOPP.

According to the analysis of 9 237 hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy ( DR )was 32.9％ , with the prevalence of mild, moderate, and serious non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR being 10. 1％, 18. 3％, 3.2％, and 1.3％ respectively. The prevalence of diabetic macular edema ( DME ) was 3.56％ in type 2 diabetics and i 0. 8％ in patients with DR. Diabetes duration and proteinuria were the common risk factors of DR and DME.