Objective To define the role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of chickens scoliosis following pinealectomy and constant light irradiation. Methods Ten white leghorn chickens in the control group were kept in light-dark (12h:12h) cycle, 500 lx in daytime and 0-5 lx in nighttime after birth. Pinealectomy was performed in 20 white leghorn chickens when 3-day-old and then kept in light-dark cycle as the control group. Constant light (500 lx) irradiation was used to reduce the secretion of melatonin in 20 chickens after their births. Radiologic examinations were performed on all chicken spines for scoliosis monthly. When the chickens were 3-month-old, their mid-day and mid-night serum samples were collected and analyzed with ELISA kit for melatonin. Results There was no scoliosis in the control group and constant light group when the chickens were 3-month-old. In the pinealectomy group, 4 chickens had obvious scoliosis in the first month when X-ray examination was taken. The curved deformity progressed and became serious when the chickens grew up. There were 7 chickens with severe curved deformity in the second month. When the chickens were 3-month-old, there were totally 11 chickens with scoliosis, Cobb' angle 11?-85?, average 30.63?. The level of melatonin in control group was low in daytime (10.6 pg/ml) and high in nighttime (110.4 pg/ml) alternately. The melatonin level was much lower, daytime 8.4 pg/ml and nighttime 6.9 pg/ml in pinealectomy group and 10.8 pg/ml in constant light group. There was no statistical significance in the serum melatonin between the pinealectomy group and constant light group. Both groups remained low level of serum melatonin. Conclusion Pinealectomy can reduce the secretion of melatonin and induce scoliosis in chickens. Although constant light could suppress the secretion of melatonin in chicken serum, it did not induce scoliosis. The pathogenesis of chickens scoliosis might not be mediated by low-level melatonin.

Denervation is the abscission or destruction of the nerve,and when the endogenous and exogenous nerves distribited in the colon would be damaged,the colon would become a denervated one.That may be a result of surgical process or the symptom of disease such as Hirschsprung's disease.The denervated colon would have some changes in motility,absorption and secretion,thus the function of the colon would be affected.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of renal tuberculosis.Methods A retrospective study was made on 96 cases.Results Frequency (51.8%), urgency (37.2%),odynuria (33.4%),lumbodynia (41.0%),and hematuria(48.1%)were the most common symptoms. The diagnostic accuracy of IVU, B-type ultrasonography, CT and biopsy of mucous membrane of urinary bladder were 69.1%,12.5 %,37.5% and 33.3% respectively. 96 cases were given medicine (INH+RFP+PZA or PIA for 6-8 months).38 cases(39.6%)have been cured, while symptoms of 43 cases (44.8%) have been improved. Operation was performed on 15 cases that were ineffective treated by chemical therapy. Conclusions Urine routine, IVP, cystoscopy+biopsy of mucous membrane of urinary bladder provide important information for the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis. INH, REP and EMB or PIA combination therapy yields satisfactory outcome for early cases.

Objective To evaluate the significance of the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) as prognostic indicators for patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 285 patients with stage Ⅱcolorectal cancer who underwent potentially curative surgery were enrolled in the study. A high CEA level was defined as a level exceeding 5 ng/ml and a high CA19-9 level was defined as a level exceeding 37 U/ml. Patients were followed up every 3 months to review CEA and CA19-9 levels. Two years later, the chest and abdominal CT examination were performed every 3 months, and then every 6 months until 5 years. Results Out of these 285 patients, 99 (42.60%) patients had high CEA levels, 25 (8.77 %) patients had high CA19-9 levels, and 12 (4.21 %) patients had both high CEA and CA19-9 levels. The overall survival rates of patients with both high CEA and CA19-9 levels were significantly worse than those of others (P< 0.05). During the study, 51 recurrences were diagnosed. There were 22 hepatic recurrences, 10 pulmonary recurrences, 9 local recurrences, 8 lymph node recurrences, and 2 peritoneal recurrences. CT, CEA and CA19-9 were the first abnormal examinations in 30, 5 and 8 recurrent patients, respectively. In 27 % of recurrent patients, the recurrence was detected earlier by CEA and CA19-9 than that by CT. Conclusions The detection of preoperative CEA and CA19-9 levels is useful for predicting the prognosis after potentially curative surgery in patents with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer. For early detection of occult recurrence of colorectal cancer, tumor markers are relevant.

Objective To assess the feasibility and short-term effect of transanal everted extraction of laparoscopic rectal excision without abdominal incision.Methods Eleven patients were operated by transanal everted extraction of laparoscopic rectal excision without abdominal incision.Results All the operations were accomplished successfully,the average operative duration was (189.5±25.2) min,the intra-operative blood loss volume was (25.4±9.4) ml,the average time to flatus was (38.9±8.6) h,the average postoperative hospital stay was (12.7±2.5) d,and the number of lymph nodes harvested was 13.5±4.1.There were no post-operative complications.Conclusion The technique of transanal everted extraction of laparoscopic rectal excision without abdominal incision is safe and feasible,but the long-term effects need more observation.

As the improved understanding of the biological behavior of colorectal cancer and the development of diagnosis and surgical techniques,the prognosis of patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer has been improved significantly.Locally advanced colorectal cancers are best treated with multivisceral resections,but the procedure is high technique-demanding and the indications for the procedure should be strictly followed.In this article,the procedure of right colectomy combined with pancreatoduodenectomy for colon cancer was described in detail in order to share the experiences and skills with surgeons.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effective mechanism and side effects of thalidomide to multiple myeloma (MM).

METHODSTen cases of MM were studied, of which 3 were previously untreated and 7 refractory or relapsed. Bone marrow microvascular density (MVD) was detected by factor-VIII related antigen and CD(34) immunohistological staining and serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) before and after treatment was determined by ELISA. The initial dosage of thalidomide was 100 approximately 200 mg/d with a weekly escalation of 50 mg/d to 450 approximately 650 mg/d. The therapeutic effectiveness is classified into partial remission, improvement and uneffective according to the decrease of serum M protein and bone marrow myeloma cells. Anemia, renal function and blood electrolytes were also observed.

RESULTSBefore treatment, MVD was 73.32 +/- 28.80 and 32.30 +/- 12.50 in MM and control group, respectively, (P < 0.01). MVD in MM group decreased to 56.12 +/- 19.34 after treatment, and was of significant difference (P < 0.05) as compared to the pretreatment value. However, there was still a significant difference as compared to control (56.12 +/- 19.34 vs 32.30 +/- 12.50, P < 0.01). The concentration of VEGF significantly decreased after treatment [from (178.23 +/- 26.56) ng/L to (78.48 +/- 19.98) ng/L, P < 0.01)]. The total effective rate was 70%. There were no serious side effects.

CONCLUSIONMVD and VEGF concentration were decreased obviously by thalidomide treatment. The dosage of 450 approximately 650 mg/d might be effective in refractory or initial MM.

Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Bone Marrow ; blood supply ; drug effects ; Constipation ; chemically induced ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; blood ; Fatigue ; chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; blood ; Lymphokines ; blood ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; chemically induced ; Thalidomide ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; von Willebrand Factor ; analysis

About 30%-50% of colorectal cancer patients would develop recurrence and metastasis. At present, there is still a lack of effective evaluation method for recurrence, metastasis and prognosis. In recent years, a great progress about circulating tumor cells (CTC) in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer has been made. The most common CTC detection methods include immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, PCR, immunomagnetic separation, optical fiber array scanning and CTC chip. Based on present studies, researchers reach the consensus that CTC is clinically valuable in the following aspects: detection of occult metastasis, monitor of disease progress and evaluation of response to treatment. With recent development of clinical specialization, multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT), gene detection and targeted therapy, individualized treatment may greatly improve overall survive and disease-free survival of colorectal cancer patients. However, the methods above depend on tumor tissues that are always impractical to obtain for late stage and non-surgery patients. Moreover, the size of specimen is always small, making gene expression and mutation detection difficult. CTC detection may solve such problems based on molecular biology with high plausibility and repeatability. Therefore, CTC detection can be used as a new diagnosis tool. It is believed that CTC detection will play an important role in early diagnosis, evaluating recurrence, metastasis, making individualized treatment and predicting prognosis.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunomagnetic Separation ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the result of colorectal cancer screening for high-risk groups in Harbin, China from 2012 to 2015.

METHODSAccording to the Project of National Colorectal Cancer Screening in Urban Area, epidemiological investigation and cancer risk evaluation established by National Cancer Center were performed among 40-69 years old residents in Harbin. Questionnaires were issued to assess high-risk groups for clinical screening, including colonoscope examination. The results of colorectal screening were evaluated in detail.

RESULTSProject of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Urban Area was completed successfully from 2012 to 2015 in various districts of Harbin. The accomplishment of high-risk assessment included 3 017 people, while 2 996 people received the clinical screening, including 1 376 males and 1 629 females, from 40 to 69 (53.3±7.1) years old. Among 2 996 people, 1 158 cases of colorectal polyps(38.7%) were screened, including 36.6%(901/2 465) cases of age<60 and 48.4%(257/531) cases of age>60 years old with significant difference (χ=19.19, P<0.01), and 47.6% (651/1 367) cases of male and 31.1%(507/1 629) cases of female with significant difference (χ=85.33, P<0.01). Of 1 158 polyps patients, 141 received the pathological examination and 11 patients were diagnosed as colorectal cancer, accounting for 0.4% of overall screening people (11/2 996). All these 11 patients underwent operation by advice and the postoperative pathology results all indicated early adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, among 141 polyps patients, 97 cases of tubular adenoma were found, which were distributed as follows: 2 cases of cecum (2.1%), 14 cases of ascending colon(14.4%), 12 cases of transverse colon (12.4%), 15 cases of descending colon (15.5%), 35 cases of sigmoid colon (36.1%) and 19 cases of rectum(19.6%).

CONCLUSIONWith the increase in age, the risk of colorectal polyps is significantly elevated. The males have higher incidence of colorectal polyps than the females. Adenoma mainly locates in the distal colon and rectum, especially in the sigmoid colon. Early screening for high-risk group can find out colorectal precancerosis and cancer, so the patients can receive early treatment.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; Adenoma ; diagnosis ; Aged ; Cecum ; China ; Colon, Ascending ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colon, Transverse ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestinal Polyps ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectum ; Risk ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Primary malignant small bowel tumor as a rare kind of intestinal tumor is associated with a poor prognosis. The pathological types were various and complicated, such as adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor, malignant lymphoma, and malignant stromal tumor. The atypical early stage symptom resulted in difficult diagnosis at early stage, high misdiagnosis rate and lack of standard therapy schemes and means. In the past, X-ray, CT, MRI, and PET-CT were the main examination methods for primary small bowel tumor. However, with the development of radiology, a series of new diagnosis methods, including electronic enteroscopy, capsule endoscopy, multi-slice spiral CT enteroclysis and so on, promotes the diagnosis accurate rate. Surgery is still the most important method in the small bowel tumor treatment, and the alternative of the surgical method should depend on the tumor location, size and relationship with the adjacent organs. Application of the laparoscopic surgery for the small bowel tumor is still in the initial stage. Besides, some researches have confirmed that chemotherapy, radiotherapy, target therapy and endocrinotherapy have effects on the specific kind of small bowel tumor. Therefore this article will review the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of the primary malignant small bowel tumors.
Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Capsule Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Intestine, Small ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Tomography, Spiral Computed