Objective To review the experience in managing severe major jugular vascular injuries. Methods Fifteen cases (11 men and 4 women, aged 18～49 years) treated by operation were collected. The injuried vessels included common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, subclavian artery and accompanying veins, carotid reconstruction was performed by jugular vein transplantation and followed by wrapping with PTFE artificial blood vessel in 15 cases. Result All the fifteen patients were cured and the vasculars were well-functioning 3～12 weeks after the surgery. Conclusion The mortality of severe large cervical vascular injuries is very high because of acute bleeding, cerebral ischimia and suffocation. In managing this catastrophe, keeping the airway clear and stop bleeding effectively are fundamental. Good knowledge and expertise in vascular and microvascular surgery are mandatory for the success of the procedure.

Objective To approach the efficacy of urgent liver transplantation for acute liver failure.Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with acute liver failure undergoing urgent liver transplantation in our hospital from January 2003 to January 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The prognosis,survival rate and complication were summarized.Results Among 22 patients,there were 14 cases of hepatitis B-induced acute liver failure,and 8 cases of drug-induced acute liver failure.The mean waiting time was 2.3 days.Three patients died perioperatively.Retransplantation was done in 1 patient.Complications after urgent liver transplantation included:abdominal cavity hemorrhage (2 cases),biliary complications (2 cases).There were no vascular complications.Renal dysfunction of different degrees occurred in all patients.Psychiatric symptom occurred in 17 cases,epilepsy in 1 patient,pulmonary infection in 11 patients,and acute cell rejection in 3 patients.The 1-,2-and 3-year recipient survival rate was 81.8 ％,81.8 ％,81.8 ％,respectively,and the 1-,2- and 3-year graft survival rate was 81.8 ％, 77.3 ％, 77.3 ％, respectively.ConclusionUrgent liver transplantation has a good efficacy for acute liver failure.Reasonable preoperative evaluation,length of waiting for graft,and effective treatment of various kinds of complications are the key point to improve the prognosis of patients with acute liver failure undergoing urgent liver transplantation.

ObjectiveTo explore the surgical approach and therapeutic efficacy of injury of liver and vascular approaching to liver.MethodsThe clinical data from January 1997 to May 2010 of 35 patients with injury of liver and vascular approaching to liver were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 35 cases,32cases were cured by surgery ( cure rate 91.43％ ) and 3 cases died ( mortality rate 8.57％ ).Postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients ( complication rate 14.29％ ).There were 2 cases of pulmonary infection,1case of biliary fistula,1 case of multiple organ failure and 1 case of incision infection.Conclusion Urgent surgery need to be performed for injury of liver and vascular approaching to liver and effective recovery was important.In the operation,careful handling,complete dissociation and sufficient exposure were the key to successful repair.

Objective To evaluate extended criteria donor liver in adult cadaveric liver transplant.Methods 126 liver transplantations were performed from January 2003 to June 2009,of them,74 patients received standard criteria donor livers,52 patients received extended criteria donor livers.These 52 donor livers could be divided into two groups:E1 group (a graft with 1 to 2 risk factors) and E2 group(a graft with 3 to 4 risk factors).Results There was no significant difference in half a year and 1 year survival rates between patients received E1 group extended criteria donor livers and those received standard criteria donor livers(respectively x2 =2.55,3.64,all P ＞0.05).But 2 year survival rate of patients received E1 group extended criteria donor livers was lower than those receiving standard criteria donor livers (x2 =4.9,P ＜0.05).Half a year,1 year and 2 year survival rates in patients receiving E2 group extended criteria donor livers were less than those receiving standard criteria donor livers (respectively x2 =3.91,8.67,11.34,all P ＜ 0.05).The half a year,1 year,and 2 year survival rates of patients received extended criteria donor livers with MELD score more than 20 was less than those with MELD score ＜ 20 (respectively x2 =0.16,0.16,0.07,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Extended criteria donor livers can be used safely if the risk factor of donor liver was less than 3,or when recipient's MELD score was ＜20.

Objective To investigate the genetic relationships of Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula from the different cultivars (varieties). Methods Twenty-five samples of A. membranaceus and seventeen samples of C. Pilosula were amplified by ISSR-PCR. Genetic diversity and genetic distance were analyzed by Popgen32. UPGMA dendrogram relationship was clustered by NTSYS. Results Totally 62 and 100 loci were detected respectively from A. membranaceus and C. pilosula. All percentages of polymorphic loci (PPL) were 100%. Shannon’s information indexes (I) were 0.537 6 and 0.472 7. Nei’s genetic diversity indexes (H) were 0.361 3 and 0.307 4. A. membranaceus was divided into two groups in genetic distance 0.59, and C. pilosula was alike in 0.50. Conclusion Different cultivars (varieties) of A. membranaceus and C. pilosula had rich genetic diversities among species, and had large genetic differences.

Hepatic myelopathy (HM)is a rare complication of chronic liver diseases.One case of HM treated by was reported.A 40-year-old male recipient of liver transplantation (LT) complained of lower extremity paralysis.Muscle strength of lower extremity recovered partially at Week 3 post-transplantation and completely at Month 3 post-discharge.

Objective To investigate the influence of two positions for measuring instrument adapter on the measurement of hand-transmitted vibration in grinding machine using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of reliability assessment index,and to provide a basis for studies on the measurement standard for handtransmitted vibration.Methods With reference to the measurement standard for hand-transmitted vibration ISO 5349 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 1:General requirements and Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to handtransmitted vibration-Part 2:Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace,the domestic AWA5936 hand-transmitted vibration measuring instrument and SVAN-106 hand-transmitted vibration measuring instrument from Poland were used to measure hand-transmitted vibration in 3 workers for grinding machine in a foundry for 5 days continuously from September to October,2014,and Y-axis data were recorded and compared.Results In worker A,the "T"-shaped adapter had a significantly higher mean Y-axis accelerated speed effective value than the "O"-shaped adapter [4.34 m/s2 (95％CI 4.05-4.63) vs 2.32 m/s2 (95％CI 2.27～2.38),t=13.781,P＜0.01]-In workers B and C,AWA5936 "U"-shaped adapter (placed at the position of the handle of grinding machine) had lower degrees of data variation of 12.55％ and 15.77％,respectively,suggesting good data stability.The measurement results showed significant differences across different positions of adapter(P＜0.01) and between all adapters except "O"-shaped and line-shaped adapters (all P＜0.01),while the measurement results showed no significant differences between the"O"-shaped and line-shaped adapters (P＞0.01).The comparison of the measurement results of AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an "U"-shaped adapter and SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument with an "S"-shaped adapter showed an ICC of ＞0.80 (ICC=0.82),while the comparison of the measurement results of AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an "O"-shaped adapter and SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument showed an ICC of ＜0.40.Conclusion SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument with an "S"-shaped adapter placed at the palm and AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an"U"-shaped adapter placed at the handle of grinding machine can give comparable measurement results with good reliability.

Objective To investigate the influence of two positions for measuring instrument adapter on the measurement of hand-transmitted vibration in grinding machine using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of reliability assessment index,and to provide a basis for studies on the measurement standard for handtransmitted vibration.Methods With reference to the measurement standard for hand-transmitted vibration ISO 5349 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 1:General requirements and Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to handtransmitted vibration-Part 2:Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace,the domestic AWA5936 hand-transmitted vibration measuring instrument and SVAN-106 hand-transmitted vibration measuring instrument from Poland were used to measure hand-transmitted vibration in 3 workers for grinding machine in a foundry for 5 days continuously from September to October,2014,and Y-axis data were recorded and compared.Results In worker A,the "T"-shaped adapter had a significantly higher mean Y-axis accelerated speed effective value than the "O"-shaped adapter [4.34 m/s2 (95％CI 4.05-4.63) vs 2.32 m/s2 (95％CI 2.27～2.38),t=13.781,P＜0.01]-In workers B and C,AWA5936 "U"-shaped adapter (placed at the position of the handle of grinding machine) had lower degrees of data variation of 12.55％ and 15.77％,respectively,suggesting good data stability.The measurement results showed significant differences across different positions of adapter(P＜0.01) and between all adapters except "O"-shaped and line-shaped adapters (all P＜0.01),while the measurement results showed no significant differences between the"O"-shaped and line-shaped adapters (P＞0.01).The comparison of the measurement results of AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an "U"-shaped adapter and SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument with an "S"-shaped adapter showed an ICC of ＞0.80 (ICC=0.82),while the comparison of the measurement results of AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an "O"-shaped adapter and SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument showed an ICC of ＜0.40.Conclusion SVAN-106 vibration measuring instrument with an "S"-shaped adapter placed at the palm and AWA5936 vibration measuring instrument with an"U"-shaped adapter placed at the handle of grinding machine can give comparable measurement results with good reliability.