Noroviruses are members of Caliciviridae family and are now the most commonly reported cause of outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide.Noroviruses gastroenteritis is difficult to control owing to the lack of a suitable antiviral agent or a vaccine to prevent infection.The tremendous disease burden of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis calls for an efficient preventive and therapeutic drugs.This review summarized the anti-noroviruses strategies targeting the nons-structural proteins,structural protein and so on.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the NADPH oxidase p22phox-A930G polymorphism and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in Chinese Han population in Shanghai area.Methods The patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and normal controls were enrolled.The polymerase chain reaction and the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used to detect the genotypes and alleles of NADPH oxidase p22phox-A930G.Results A total of 128 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and 151 healthy controls were enrolled.The levels of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,glucose,and triacylglycerol,as well as the proportions of smoking and alcohol consumption in patients of the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage group were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in AA,AG,and GG genotypes (42.2％,44.5％,and 13.3％ vs.63.6％,27.8％,and 8.6％,x2 =12.757,P =0.002) and in A and G allele (64.5％ and 35.5％ vs.77.5％ and 22.5％ ;x2 =8.734,P=0.001) frequencies between the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage group and the control group.Multivariatelogistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) (odds ratio [OR] 13.952,95％ confidence interval [CI] 7.242-26.879; P ＜ 0.001),apolipoprotein A ≥ 0.99 mmol/L (OR 3.139,95％ CI 1.012-9.733; P =0.048),and AG +GG genotype (OR 2.333,95％ CI 1.253-4.342; P=0.008) were the independent risk factors for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Conclusions Among the Chinese Han population in Shanghai area,the NADPH oxidase p22phox-A930G polymorphism is an independent risk factor for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To explore the relationship between polymorphism of G-protein ?3 subunit (GNB3) gene and the emotion trait of chest stuffiness and pains patient. Methods The GNB3 gene type in 27 patients of depression of chest stuffiness and pains, 40 patients of no depression of chest stuffiness and pains, and 20 patients of healthy subjects (control) was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment incision enzyme, and score of depression was evaluated. Result Occurrence of depression in chest stuffiness and pains was significantly higher than that in control (P

EphA1,the first member of the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family,not only plays a pivotal role in embryonic development and angiogenesis,but also expresses in some types of adult human tissues.Its specific characteristics of Eph/ephrin binding and the Eph/ephrin signaling transduction are fundamentally involved in tumor initiation,progression and metastasis.The expression levels of EphA1 vary considerably in different types of normal tissues and tumors,or even in different phases of tumor development,suggestive of its functional pluralism.Intensive studies of EphA1 on angiogenesis,carcinogenesis and metastasis may provide a method for the early diagnosis and a potential target for the treatment of cancers.

Castleman's disease(CD),known as giant lymph node hyperplasia,is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder,whose etiology has not been definitively established.Clinically CD is categorized into unicentric and multicentric,and histologically,subdivided into three subtypes,hyaline vascular variant,plasma cell variant and mixed variant.Different variants usually require inconsistent therapeutic measures and have different prognoses.The present paper gives an overview of the pathogenesis,treatment and prognosis of CD,with emphasis on the stroma-rich variant,a special subtype of CD of the hyaline vascular variant.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis,and it is associated with the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovaseular diseases.This article reviews the mechanism of action of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease,and the neuroprotective effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitors.

Objective To study the changes in parameters of blood flow and frequency-spectrum appearance in superior mesenteric artery (SMA)and inferior mesenteric artery(IMA) in the patients with ulcerative colitis(UC). Methods The parameters of blood flow and frequency-spectrum of SMA and IMA in 16 cases of patients with UC were observed before and after treatment, and 10 healthy volunteers served as control. Results The parameters of blood flow of IMA in patients with left half colon UC (9 cases) and all colon UC (7 cases) significantly changed after treatment(P

Objective To elucidate the regulate role of the guava leaf on the levels of IFN-? and IL-2 in the salivary juice on children patients with noroviruses diarrhea. Method 50 patients with noroviruses diarrhea was grouped randomly to group A (30 patients), which was treated with guava leaf and group B (20 patients), which was treated with Smecta, and 20 health children was randomly choiced as normal control group. The levels of IFN-? and IL-2 in the salivary juice of the three groups were determined and compared before and after the treatments. Results The levels of IFN-? and IL-2 in the group A and B before the treatments were higher than the normal control group (P

Objective To evaluate the performance of FL-1 macroporous absorption resin for absorption of total flavonoids from Psidium guajava leaf.Methods The concentration of total flavones in Psidium guajava leaf was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and the absorption behavior of FL-1 macroporous adsorption resins to total flavones in Psidium guajava leaf was examined for the adsorption capacity and the volume of solution loaded.Results Optimal absorption of total flavonoids was achieved with the sample:total flavonoids concentration in the solution of 13.22 mg/mL,the ratio of total flavonoids concentration and macroporous adsorption resin was 1∶4,washing with 70% ethanol at the flow velocity of 2 BV/h.Conclusion FL-1 Macroporous absorption resin can be well applicable for enrichment of total flavonoids in Psidium guaijava leaf.

Objective To discuss the comparability of ALT, AST, CK and LDH results by ap- plying three different vacuum tubes (no additive tubes, separation gel coagulation promoting tubes and other coagulation promoting tubes) for venous blood samples, and to provide evidence for clinical tests. Methods Fast venous blood from 26 healthy blood donors were collected in test tubes without additives, separation gel coagulation promoting tubes and other coagulation promoting tubes. Olympus AU5400 Biochemical Analyzer was applied to examining serum ALT, AST, CK and LDH for all pre- pared serum samples. Results There was no statistical difference of serum ALT, AST, CK and LDH level collected in test tubes without additives, separation gel coagulation promoting tubes and other co- agulation promoting tubes. With the no additive tubes as the standard tubes, the above result bias be- tween separation gel coagulation promoting tubes and other coagulation promoting tubes were clinically acceptable. Conclusion There is credible comparability of serum ALT, AST, CK and LDH level a- mong different kinds of venous blood samples collected in test tubes without additives, separation gel coagulation promoting tubes and other coagulation promoting tubes. The separation gel coagulation promoting tubes and other coagulation promoting tubes can substitute test tubes without additives for ALT, AsT, CK and LDH determination.