Objective To compare the levels of four factors between gastric mucosa of Han and Tibetan patients with chronic gastritis residing in districts at the same altitude in Qinghai Province.Methods Levels of malonic aldehyde ( MDA) , superoxide dismutase (SOD) , nitric oxide ( NO) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) in gastric mucosa of Han and Tibetan patients with chronic gastritis resident in same altitude districts were examined, and a comparative study was performed.Results Levels of MDA and SOD were significantly higher in gastric mucosa of Han patients (2 2699 ± 1.58906 nmol/mgprot and 134.6313 ±48.35329 U/mgport, respectively) than those of the Tibetan (1.7095 ± 1.19474 nmol/mgprot and 109.5056 ± 28.26794 U/mgport, respectively) (P <0.05) , which indicated there were differences in metabolism of oxygen free radicals and antioxi-dant free radicals between 2 ethnics.However, there were no differences in NO and XOD levels between two ethnical groups, which suggested no ethnical difference in metabolism of the two factors.Conclusion There is ethnical difference in MDA and SOD metabolism in gastric mucosa of Han and Tibetan patients with chronic gastritis from same altitude district, which is presumably due to the different tolerance to the hypoxia at high altitude.

Objective To establish a stable and fast method for primary culture of mouse cardiomyocytes. Methods Dishes were coated with polylysine firstly.A two-step approach was used to isolate and digest mouse cardiomyocytes cells (0.25%trypsin in 4°C overnight and 0.5 mg/mL to 1.0 mg/mL collagenase +5 mg/mL albumin collagen digestion liquid in 37°C for short-time digestion), then the cardiomyocytes were purified through differential adhesion for 70 min and 5-bromodeoxyuridine ( BrdU) .The cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. The survival rate of cardiacmyocytes was detected by trypan-blue staining and their purity was identified by α-actinin immunofluorescence staining.Results The cardiomyocytes were in good shape and pulsed spontaneously.The survival rate of the cardiomyocytes reached 98%and the purity was 95%.Conclusions This method described in this study is an ideal method for primary culture of mouse cardiomyocytes with a high survival rate and high purity.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhuang’s tendon manipulations plus fire acupuncture in treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH). Method Sixty patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by drawing lots. The treatment group was intervened by Zhuang’s tendon tuina manipulations plus fire acupuncture, while the control group was by tuina manipulations plus acupuncture. The therapeutic efficacies were then observed. Result In the treatment group, 10 subjects were clinically controlled, 11 showed marked effect, 7 were effective, 2 failed, and the total effective rate was 93.3%;in the control group, 5 were clinically controlled, 12 had marked effect, 5 showed effective, 8 failed, and the total effective rate was 73.3%. There was a significant difference in comparing the total effective rate between the two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion Zhuang’s tendon manipulations plus fire acupuncture can produce a content clinical efficacy in treating LIDH.

Objective To investigate the effects of variable sample preparation about sialy LewisA/X on the surface of colon carcinoma cells.Methods Human colon carcinoma cell suspension was prepared by using EDTA,trypsin,cell scraper,trypsin-EDTA and trypsin-cell scraper.Cell counts and sialy-LewisA/X on the surface of colon carcinoma cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results Trypsin made fluorescence intensity of sialy-LewisA/X on the surface of colon carcinoma cells become weaken.Fluorescence intensity of sialy-LewisA/X had no significant deviation among EDTA,cell scraper and trypsin-cell scraper.Cell counts were multitude in EDTA group or trypsin-cell scraper group.Conclusion Trypsin-cell scraper is a available approach on preparing cell suspension of adherent cell.

Objective To analyze the pattern of normal bone marrow on whole body diffusionweighted imaging (WB-DWI) and its influence factors.MethodsA total of 98 healthy volunteers (male 47 and female 51). All volunteers underwent WB-DWI at 1.5 T MR scan. The ADC value,the signal intensity on DWI obtained with a b value of 800 s/mm2 ( SIDWI ),and the signal intensity on short time inversion recovery images ( SISTIR ) of thoracic vertebrae,lumber vertebrae,bilateral head of femur,bilateral neck of femur,bilateral superior segment of femur,bilateral inferior segment of femur,bilateral ilium,bilateral head of humerus,bilateral scapula were measured and compared with ANOVA test and StudentNewmar-Keuls test.The normal appearance of bone marrow on WB-DW[ was assessed. The relationship between the SIDwI and the ADC,and the SIDWI and the SISTIR of bone marrow were analyzed.The ADC of bone marrow between male and femaIe were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was performed for different age groups.Results( 1 ) Bone marrow signal intensity was different among 98 healthy volunteers.Bone marrow in 69 healthy volunteers (female 24,male 45 ) showed low to intermediate signal intensity,whereas in the remaining 29 healthy volunteers (female 27,male 2) showed high signal intensity.(2) The SIDWI of thoracic vertebrae ( median 44.54),lumber vertebrae ( median 35.01 ),head of femur ( median 13.61 ),neck of femur ( median 16.00),superior segment of femur ( median 21.45 ),ilium ( median 25.77),head of humerus (median 18.35),scapula (median 36.12) was positively correlated with the ADC [ (0.55 ±0.08) × l0-3,(0.53 ±0.08) × 10-3,(0.30 ± 0.10) × 10-3,(0.42 ± 0.16) × 10-3,(0.74±0.14) ×l0- 3,(0.49±0.10) ×10-3,(0.36±0.13) ×10-3,(0.49±0.11) × 10-3mm2/s]and the SISTIR ( median 61.81,64.99,53.27,69.08,73.10,66.35,73.16,79.81 ),r =0.513 and 0.695,0.741 and 0.764,0.443 and 0.489,0.641 and 0.656,0.510 and 0.648,0.475 and 0.715,0.366 and 0.446,0.437 and 0.739 ;P ＜ 0.01. (3) There was significant difference of the ADC of bone marrow in different bone,F =138.69,P ＜ 0.01. Student-Newman-Keuls test revealed that no significant difference was found in the ADC between thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae,ilium and scapula,head of humerus and inferior segment of femur ( P ＞ 0.05 ),and significant difference was found in the ADC values between the remaining two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The bones associated with decreasing ADC values were superior segment of femur,thoracic vertebrae and lumber vertebrae,ilium and scapula,neck of femur,head of humerus,head of femur and inferior segment of femur. ( 4 ) The ADC values of bone marrow of female subjects in thoracic vertebrae [ (0.59 ±0.07) × 10-3 mm2/s],lumber vertebrae [ (0.58 ±0.06) × 10 -3 mm2/s],head of femur ( median 0.33 × 10 -3 mm2/s),neck of femur ( median 0.53 × 10 -3 mm2/s),superior segment of femur ( median 0.81 × 10-3 mm2/s),inferior segment of femur ( median 0.32 ×10-3 mm2/s),ilium [ (0.52 ± 0.09 ) × 10-3 mm2/s ],head of humerus (median 0.42 × 10-3 mm2/s),scapula [ (0.53 ± 0.09) × 10-3 mm2/s] were significantly higher than those of male subjects [ (0.51 ±0.07) × 10-3,(0.48 ±0.07) × 10-3,median 0.23 × 10-3,median 0.31 × 10-3,median 0.66 × 10-3,median 0.23 × 10-3,(0.46 ±0.10) × 10-3,median 0.27 × 10-3,(0.45 ±0.11 ) × 10 3mm2/s].(5)There was significant negative correlation between the ADC values of bone marrow and age in thoracic vertebrae,lumber vertebrae,head of femur,neck of femur,superior segment of femur,ilium,head of humerus for female subjects,r =-0.549, -0.629, -0.329, -0.524, -0.338, -0.548 and -0.416,respectively,P ＜ 0.05.There was no significant correlation between ADC values and age in inferior segment of femur and scapula for female subjects and all the regions for male subjects ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The ADC and the SIsTIR of bone marrow correlates with the SIDW1.The ADC values of bone marrow is affected by age and sex,and is different for different bones.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of non-invasive quantitative evaluation of portal pressure (Pp) by contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS).Methods 18 portal hypertension patients (PTH group) were performed with CEUS within one week before splenectomy and pericardial devascularization,and 20 healthy volunteers as controls were recruited in this study (control group).Hepatic-right kidney sectionwas chosen to calculate the area under curve of portal vein/hepatic artery (Qp/Qa) and the perfusion intensity of portal vein/hepatic artery (Ip/Ia) through time intensity curves (TIC) of liver parenchyma generated from CEUS images.Pp was measured by intra-operative mesenteric vein catheter,and the correlation betweenPp and Qp/Qa,Ip/Ia were analyzed by Pearson correlation test.Results The levels of Qp/Qa and Ip/Ia in the PTH group were 2.28 ± 0.66 and 0.35 ± 0.14 respectively,which were both significantly declined than that in the controlgroup (5.72 ± 3.69 and 1.97 ± 0.17).In the PTH group,the correlation coefficient were-0.747 and-0.617,and the linear regression equations were Y =-83 X + 5.013 andY =-15X + 0.837,which indicated that Qp/Qa and Ip/Ia had significant correlation with Pp.Conclusions CEUS parameters,including Qp/Qa and Ip/Ia,are significantly correlated to Pp in portal hypertension patients,which indicate that CEUS could be a new non-invasive clinical method for evaluating Pp.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (huc-MSC) on the ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of moderately fatty liver in rats. Methods The rat fatty liver model was established by fat-rich diet feeding. 60 female SD rats were randomly divided into MSC-treated and control groups (n = 30). MSC-treated group was infused with MSC (2 x 106 cells resuspended in 1.5 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline solution, PBS) by intra-venous injection through the tail vein. The first dose was administered on day 1 before IRI, followed by another dose on day 3 postIRI. The control group was injected with sterile PBS alone at the same intervals. Blood and liver samples were collected at day 1,4 and 7 (10 rats at each time point) post-IRI respectively to test enzyme activities,biochemical and histological changes. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in liver tissue were measured. The pathological changes of liver tissue and apoptosis of hepatocytes were also assessed. Results Compared to the control group, the levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, and MDA declined in the MSC-treated group on day 1 and day 4 post-IRI ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), while no difference was observed on day 7 post-IRI ( P ＞ 0. 05). There was no difference of the level of SOD between the two groups on day 1,4 and 7 post-IRI (P ＞0. 05). Pathological examination revealed inflammatory injury in the MSC-treated group was alleviated compared with that in the control group. Conclusion huc-MSC effects protection on the IRI of fatty liver in rats.

Objective To detect the expression and effect of human tumor necrosis facctor related apoptosis-inducing ligand(hTRAIL)in vitro by using a novel double expressing adenoviral vector encoding hTRAIL and firefly lueiferase (luc) gene (Ad-hTRAIL-luc),in which luc wag used, as reporter gene.Methods A549 cells were transduced with the adenoviral vector encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene(Ad-EGFP)at variable multiplicity of infection(MOI).Adenoviral transducfion efficiency wag determined 48 h later.A549 cells were transduced with Ad-hTRAIL-luc at variable MOI.and the following tests were performed 48h later,respectively:the expressive ratio of hTRAIL and the apeptotic ratio of A549 cells were meagnred by flow eytometer;counts per minute(cpm)of luminescence were measurde by scintiUation counters. A549 cells were transduced with Ad-luc at variable MOI, and cpm of luminescence was measured by scintillation counters 48 h later. After A549 cells were transduced with AdhTRAIL-luc,the expressive ratio of hTRAIL,the apoptotic ratio of A549 cells and cpm of luminescence were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.The positive ratio of EGFP and cpm of luminescence (Ad-luc) were analyzed bv nonparametric ANOVA.Results After A549 cells were transfected with Ad-hTRAIL-luc,the expressive ratio of hTRAIL on the cell membrane of the groups were(2.37±0.04)/,(3.16±0.03)/,(3.64±0.03)/,(3.96±0.02)/,(4.24±0.02)/,(4.34±0.02)/ respectively,which showed significant difference between each other (P＜0.01);and the apoptotic ratio of A549 cells were (1.52±0.04)/,(2.93±0.02)/,(3.39±0.02)/,(3.64±0.02)/,(3.86±0.02)/,(4.08±0.02)/,(4.20±0.02)/,respectirely,and it showed significant difference between each other (P＜0.01);cpm of luminescence were 465 561±26 801,1 038 576±29 417,937 655±23 197,786 432±20 028,524 288±16 338,401 566±15 961,respectively,and it also showed significant difference between each other(P＜0.01).There was a positive relationship between the expressive ratio of hTRAIL and cell apoptotic ratio of A549 cells (r=0.984,P＜0.01).Conclusion The double expressing adenoviral vector Ad-hTRAIL-luc can transfer luc and hTRAIL gene to A549 cells efficiently,and the activity of luc may reflect the effect of hTRAIL as well as the expression of hTRAIL.

AIM: To investigate the role of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 ( GPBR1; also known as TGR5) activation in high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and calcineurin (CaN)/nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3 (NFAT3) signaling.METHODS:Primarily cultured mouse cardiomyocytes were used in the study .The cell surface areas of the cardiomyocytes were measured by an image analysis system .The cell protein content was detected by BCA meth-od.The expression of TGR5, CaN and NFAT3 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot . RESULTS:The mouse cardiomyocytes were successfully cultured .High glucose significantly induced the increases in the cell surface area, the cell protein content and the expression of CaN and NFAT 3 (P<0.05) in the cardiomyocytes.TGR5 activation or a CaN antagonist cyclosporin A inhibited high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the expression of CaN and NFAT3 (P<0.05).These effects of TGR5 activation were abolished by TGR5 gene interference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:TGR5 activation reduces high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inhibiting CaN /NFAT3 sig-naling.

Objective To understand the dynamic rules of schistosomiasis endemic situation before and after reaching the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission controlled or transmission interrupted,so as to provide the evidence for improving schis-tosomiasis control. Methods Wuling District,Xihu District and Linli County were selected and investigated retrospectively to collect the schistosomiasis epidemiological information 10 years before they reached the criteria of transmission controlled and the subsequent years until 2008. A database of retrospective investigation was established for analyzing the trends and rules of changes of the Oncomelania hupensis snail status and infection status of cattle and human. Results In Wuling District,the en-demic situation was declining,and no schistosome infection persons,animals and snails were found after 1974. There was no re-bound until 2008. In Xihu District,the endemic situation reached the criteria of transmission controlled in 1997,and the endem-ic situation was stable. The human infection rate was positively correlated with the area of infection snails(r=0.584,P<0.05). In Linli County,there were no snails,no infected persons and cattle twice,but 2 endemic rebounds,and there were positive corre-lations between the densities of living snails and the infection rates of human and animal during the endemic rebound period. Conclusion The snail status is an important indicator of schistosomiasis endemic rebound. Therefore,the snail control is one of the most important schistosomiasis control measures.