Objective To investigate the correlationship between depressed behaviors and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in brain tissue in mice which are insensitive to fluoxetine,and to mimic the treatment resistant depression (TRD) in clinical condition.Methods 50 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into Control group (Control),Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group and CUMS+fluoxetine group.Mice in Control group were raised ad libitum for 9 weeks,those in CUMS group received CUMS for 9 weeks and those in CUMS+fluoxetine group received 8 weeks' CUMS followed 1 week' s treatment with Fluoxetine(10 mg · kg-1 · d-1).At the end of the 9th week,mice in(CUMS + treatment)group were selected into antidepressant treatment-resistant mice(ATRM) as no remission and Depression Group (DM) as symptoms improved.Body mass test (BMT),open field test (OFT) and forces swim test (FST) were completed respectively in these 4 groups at the endpoint of the experiment,and the brain tissue were extracted after the tests for IL-1β Elisa test.Results (1) BMT:there was no effect of weightgain in ATRM after 1 week' s therapy with Fluoxetine.There was no difference in body-weight between ATRM ((18.56±7.56) g) and CUMS ((19.03± 8.58) g) mice,while compared with Control ((24.56±5.45) g) and DM mice ((20.12±9.17) g) ATRM and CUMS mile's body weight were significantly lower (P＜0.05).(2)OFT and FST:in OFT,there was no significant difference in of horizontal moving distance(F=0.355) either in the frequencies of entering the central zone (F=0.327) among the 4 groups;in OFT,the immobility time of ATRM ((241.50 ± ± 36.55) s) was significantly longer than that in DM ((156.00± 25.47) s) (F=13.573,P＜0.05).(3) Elisa test of IL-1β:the brain' s IL-1β serum level in ATRM ((164.90±46.70) pg/mg) was higher than those in Control ((69.68±6.56) pg/mg)),and DM ((93.09±4.65) pg/mg) (P＜0.01),while no difference with that in CUMS mice.Additionally,the depressive behaviors in ATRM showed its positive correlation with the IL-1β level in CNS (r=0.669,P=0.006).Conclusion CUMS can elicit the refractory depressive symptoms in BALB/c mice to simulate TRD' s characteristic,and the elevated level of IL-1 β within brain tissue may play an important role in the development of TRD.

Objective:To evaluate the bone alteration subject to remodeling and analyze the esthetic result following immediate implant placement of incisors.Methods:In this study,20 patients (1 3 women,7 men)were involved,who needed implants for incisors of maxilla.The patients received 23 im-mediate implants totally.On the day of surgery and 6 months after the implants were placed,Cone beam CT (CBCT)was taken.The thickness of the alveolar ridge and the vertical change of marginal bone levels onthe mesial and distal aspects of theimplants were measured using the computer software (Planme-caRomexis Viewer 3.6.0.R).The evaluation of esthetic result by labial convexity score (LCS)and pa-pilla index score (PIS)were analyzed pre-operation and one year after the final crown was delivered.The statistics with paired-t test for the measurement data and Willcoxon test for rating data were done by SPSS 20.0.Results:The survival rate in the two-year follow-up was 1 00%.The measuring point 1 (MP1 ), MP2,MP3 and MP4 (0,2,4,6 mm apical to the implant platform,respectively)got significant altera-tions after 6 months of the follow-up.These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 ).The major alteration happened at MP1 and MP4,which got (-0.89 ±2.06)mm and (-0.75 ±1 .28)mm reduction of the alveolar,respectively.The marginal alveolar ridge resorption was (-0.42 ±1 .24)mm and(-0.91 ±1 .96)mm for Ankylos System and Replace System,respectively,and the difference was not statistical significant .The esthetic results were quite acceptable.Before treatment,1 8 incisors rated 3 for LCS,and 2 incisors rated 4 for LCS;after final restoration,only 5 incisors rated 3 for LCS,and 1 4 incisors rated 2 for LCS.Before treatment,1 5 incisors rated 3 for PIS;after final restoration,1 3 incisors rated 3 for PIS.There was no statistically significant difference for the PIS pre-operation and 1 year after final restoration,while there was statistically significant negative change for LCS.Conclusion:Even fol-lowing the proper surgical technique,the alveolar ridge wall still can’t be maintained after immediate im-plant placed in fresh socket of incisors.The inter-dental papilla could be well maintained,while due to the remodeling of labial bone,labial convexity will inevitably collapse.Therefore immediate implant still has esthetic risk.

Background Oscillatory potentials (OPs) of scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) plays an important role in the evaluation of visual function in multiple retinal diseases.However,the origin of OPs is uncompletely clear.It is essential to analyze the time domain and frequency domain components for the further study of OPs.Objective The present study was to investigate the change characteristics of frequency spectrum of scotopic OPs with age and stimulating intensity.Methods RCS-rdy+-p+rats with the ages of 21,25,32,35,37,46,60,90 days were selected iu this study and 3 rats for each.Scotopic flash ERG were recorded from all the rats with RETI-scan system.Gold-foil ring cornea recording electrode was used as the recording electrode and the steel needle electrode was used as the reference and earth electrode during the record.The intensity of stimulating light was set at-20,-10,-5,0 and 5 dB respectively.Data were output into the computer and processed by the software Matlab7.0.Results The principle frequency corresponding to maximum amplitude component was 80-120 Hz in the various ages of rats under the different stimulating conditions above.With the increase of the intensity of stimulating light,high frequency component (200-250 Hz) began to appear and the amplitudes showed a gradually raise upon the intensity of light.The major component was subdivided into two peaks at 0 dB stimulation.Further,the age affected the major frequency peak with the maximum value at 60-day-old rats and the minimum value at 25-day-old rats.Also,the pass-band width of main amplitude appeared to be maximal at 60-day-old rats and minimal at 25-day-old rats.Conclusions OPs in Rcsrdy+-p+ rats are influenced by stimulating intensity and agc.Stimulating intensity affects the amplitude and age lead to the change of distribution of primary frequency of OPs.It is possible to know the influences of the degeneration of rods and be helpful to diagnosis this kind of disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid on the behavioral changes in enhanced single prolonged stress (ESPS) model rats and the levels of interlukin-1β (IL-1β) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus.Methods 48 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n =8):Control group,Control + RA (L) group,Control + RA (H) group,ESPS group,ESPS + RA (L) group and ESPS + RA (H) group.Behavioral changes of these rats were analyzed by open field test and elevated plus-maze.The levels of IL-1 β and IL-6 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results (1) Open field test showed that the number of central region entering and the fraction of time exploring in center of ESPS group were significantly reduced than that of Control group ((18.13 ± 10.15) times,(26.68 ± 10.06) ％) and ESPS + RA (H) group ((16.88 ± 8.81) times,(25.08 ± 8.52) ％) (P ＜ 0.05).And it showed no significant difference among Control + RA(L) group,Control + RA(H) group and Control group.Meanwhile,there was also no statistic difference between ESPS group and ESPS + RA(L) group.(2) Elevated plus-maze test showed that percentages of open arm entries and fraction of time exploring in open arm in reference to total number of entries into all arms and total time spent on all arms in ESPS group were significantly reduced than that of Control group((37.38 ± 8.24)％,(17.63 ±4.74)％) and ESPS + RA(H) group((33.72 ±9.49)％,(16.99 ±4.28)％) (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between that of ESPS group and ESPS + RA(L) group(P＞0.05).It also showed no significant difference among Control + RA (L) group,Control + RA (H) group and Control group.(3) Compared with ESPS group,RA(10mg/kg) reduced the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus,but RA(5mg/kg) did not have this effect.(4) Correlation analysis results showed the level of IL-1β in the hippocampus was negatively related with the ameliorated PTSD-like behaviors of ESPS exposure rats.Conclusion RA can ameliorate PTSDlike behaviors of ESPS exposure rats,and this effect may be carried out by down-regulating the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus,especially the IL-1β.

The achievements inspection and the drive standard of our country' universities and colleges is unscientific.The inspection result and the incentive mechanism have a lot of questions.Based on some medical university,the author analyzed the indicator system's construction,proposed displaying school culture guidance value,construcing the easy and feasible achievements inspection indicator system and completing measures and so on to better inspection feedback.

Objective To explore the way of continuing education training of standardized management of community nurses in Tianjin.Methods A survey was conducted with self-designed questionnaires for 462 community nurses who attended the continuing education training,and behavioral event interview was carried out for 6 directors of district health bureau who participated in the continuing education.Results The acquirements and problems of continuing education training of standardized management in Tianjin community nurses were concluded from the data analysis.Conclusions It is necessary to give continuing education training of standardized management for Tianjin community nurses.We should improve the evaluation and feedback system,attach importance to management of teaching time and teaching manner.

Abstract: Objective　To further investigate the underreporting of mortality surveillance data among permanent residents in Hainan Province in 2020, and to explore the application of Application of the Analysis of National Causes of Death for Action (ANACONDA) in the quality analysis of mortality surveillance. Methods　The data were collected from the Death Information Monitoring and Management System of Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and mainly included 33 418 deaths reported from 19 cities and counties in Hainan Province from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. All the data were analyzed by the application of ANACONDA, and the causes of death were classified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Results　A total of 33 418 deaths were reported in Hainan Province in 2020, with a crude mortality rate of 3.6‰. The proportion of deaths in males under 85 years old was higher than that in females, while the proportion of deaths in 85 years old and above was opposite. The quality analysis of cause of death surveillance showed that there was under-reporting of death surveillance in Hainan Province in 2020, with an under-reporting rate of 30.1%. There were differences in the age composition and GBD regional composition ratio of deaths of the three major categories of diseases, and the misreporting of causes of death in the middle and high age groups was more significant. The Vital Statistics Performance Index (VSPI) score of death data in Hainan Province in 2020 was 52.8, the score of cause of death reporting quality was 85.5, and the score of specific cause of death level that could be used was 88.4. The completeness of death reports in the priority action areas for improving cause of death data quality accounted for the largest share, followed by the quality of cause of death reports. There was a difference in the proportion of specific causes of death between males and females after the survey, but the change in order was not obvious. Conclusions　The data integrity of cause-of-death surveillance is low in Hainan Province in 2020. It is suggested to improve the completeness of reporting data, strengthen the training of cause-of-death surveillance system, and regularly evaluate and supervise the system.

Objective To explore the influence of EGFR gene interfering on the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cells.Methods Three kinds of siRNAs including three random sequences of positive EGFR siRNA (EGFR siRNA1、EGFR siRNA2、EGFR siRNA3),random sequence of negative EGFR siRNA,and blank control were transfected into Eca109 cells by lipofectamine.Cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay.Protein and mRNA expressions of EGFR were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR,respectively.The ability of cell clone formation was used to evaluate the combination effect of X-rays and EGFR siRNA on the radiosensitivity.Results The positive expression rate of the EGFR mRNA in the Eca109 ceils transfected with EGFR siRNA1,EGFR siRNA2,EGFR siRNA3 was 26.74％,9.52％,4.61％,respectively,which was significantly lower than 42.44％ in the control cells transfected with blank siRNA (F =112.11,P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile,the EGFR protein expression was reduced by 72.84％,53.01％ and 56.21％ after interfering of siRNA1,siRNA2,and siRNA3,respectively.CCK8 assay showed that the proliferation of Eca109 cells was decreased by 28.2％ since the siRNA interference.Moreover,the D0,Dq and SF2 of the combined treatment group were lower than those of irradiation alone group and the sensitization enhancement ratio was 1.50.Conclusions EGFR siRNA can effectively inhibit EGFR gene expression and enhance the radiosensitivity of Eca109 cells.

Objective To explore the significance of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in serum of children with hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods 142 children including 71 children with HUA (HUA group) and 71 control children (control group), healthy and inguinal hernia children were selected as control group. 71 HUA children were subdivided into GA (gout attacks) group (n=28) and NGA (non-gout attacks) group (n=43) according to whether they had a history of acute gout attacks, including sudden monoarthritis of rapid onset with intense pain and swelling or without. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in serum. Results Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of HUA children were significantly higher than those of control group (all P<0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of HUA children in GA group were significantly higher than those of NGA group (P<0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of GA group in acute phase was significantly higher than those of HUA children in remission stage、NGA group and control group (P<0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of GA group in remission stage and NGA group was significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between HUA children in remission stage and NGA group (P>0.05). The serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels of HUA children were positively correlated with WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, uric acid, ESR, CRP, BUN and Cr (all P<0.05), while not correlated with triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C(all P<0.05). Conclusion IL-1β and IL-6 play an important role in the pathogenesis of HUA in children.

Objective The present study aims to explore the optimal combination of growth factors, including TGF-?_1,IGF-I and BMP-2,for the induction of ehondrogenesis of MSCs in vitro monolayer culture. Methods MSCs were induced to differentiate into ehondrocytes in the medium with the following growth fac- tors:TGF-?_1,BMP-2 and IGF-I,either alone or in combination.We detected two cartilage specific markers in differentiated cells.Alcian blue stain was used for aggreean and RT-PCR for collagen type II mRNA.Results The level of Collagen typeⅡmRNA of group BMP-2+IGF-I,TGF-?_1,TGF-?_1+IGF-I,TGF-?_1+BMP-2 and TGF-?_1+IGF-I+BMP-2 was 0.147?0.062,0.478?0.069,0.489?0.022,0.653?0.013,0.807?0.051 respectively. Alcian blue stain in all gruups were positive.Conclusion The TGF-?_1+IGF-I+BMP-2 group is the most ef- fective combination in chondrogenesis induction.