Group B Streptococcus ( GBS) is a conditional pathogenic bacteria related to late-term abortion, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, perinatal infection, neonatal sepsis and other diseases.Prevention and treatment guidelines by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) suggest that all the pregnant women at 35-37 gestational weeks should screen for GBS .The detection methods for GBS include microbiology , immunology, molecular biology, etc.The appropriate method should be chosen depending on circumstances .Penicillin is recommended for the preventive treatment of GBS , and the treatment for the insensitive should base on the antibiotic susceptibility results .No vaccine against GBS is currently available for clinical use .

The author first argues that the significance of sectionalizing the medical market is that it is conducive to the discovery of market opportunities; it is conducive to the possession of a greater market share; and it provides a basis for the hospital to identify its target market. Then he sets forth the requirements for sectionalizing the medical market, viz. measurability, accessibility, relative stability, and availability of benefit. Finally he expounds the classification methods when sectionalizing the medical market and the principles for a hospitals selection of a target medical market. These include an appropriate scale and market, a certain purchasing power and endurance, a market not yet completely monopolized by competitors, a market the hospital is capable of managing, a relatively steady social environment, and observance of the procedure for selecting a target medical market.

Target-oriented drug delivery systems(TODDS) of Chinese materia medicia(CMM) is ascribed as preparations in which active fractions or single ingredient extracted from CMM or natural medicines are directly delivered with the help of different carriers to target organs,target tissues,and target cells or intracellula.Recent advances of research on TODDSs of CMM classified according to carriers,such as liposomes,microspheres,nanocapsules,and emulsions are reviewed.In addition,due to the specific actions of CMM on intestinal diseases,oral colon targeting drug delivery system is considered substantials for TODDSs of CMM.Domestic researches on TODDS of CMM in its initial stage are limited to formulations using single natural active ingredient as raw material.While the fewer TODDSs using CMM active fractions or formula recipes are underway,which relates to the tremendous difficulties in both establishment of quality standard for CMM active fractions and technology for preparation of CMM.Nevertheless one of the important goals for the development on preparation of CMM is TODDS.

Cooperative learning is a system of teaching pattern known for its contribution to the improvement of the class teaching effect,which has been successfully applied in middle schools and secondary vocational schools. Its application to oral English teaching for international nursing majors in higher vocational colleges can not only promote the students’oral English and communicative ability,but also help to cultivate their consciousness of cooperation and team work.

Since recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was licensed for growth hormone deficiency(GHD) in 1985,it has been available in short stature associated with Turner syndrome (TS),being born small for gestational age,idiopathic short stature,chronic renal insufficiency in the last 20 years.The overall safety profile of rhGH continues to be favorable,but careful monitoring for the presence of certain conditions is important both during and after therapy.Reasonable indication,time of therapy and dosage are important to obtain the ideal result and save the expense.Besides,the efforts to improve rhGH therapy and increase compliance have also led to the investigation of extended-release rhGH and less invasive administration routes.Recent advances in the treatment of rhGH are reviewed in details.

Objective:To prepare DHAQ-GM-CSF immunoliposomes and observe the cytotoxicity of HL60 cells treated with the immunoliposomes for providing the preclinical data for AML therapy. Methods:DHAQ liposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation(REV),and GM-CSF was coupled to the DHAQ liposomes.The cytotoxicity of HL60 cells treated with the immunoliposomes was measured by tetrazolium microculture(MTT) celluar cytotoxicity test.The data of cellar untrastructure and apoptotic rate were collected by transmission electron microscopy,and flow cytometric analysis. Results:DHAQ-GM-CSF immunoliposomes had better effects on the cytotoxicity of HL60 cells than DHAQ liposomes and DHAQ.The cellar untrastructure was markly destroyed and many apoptotic bodies formed after the treatment. Conclusion:DHAQ-GM-CSF immunoliposomes are successfully prepared and verified,which have targeting cytotoxicity on HL60 cells.The study establishes the foundation for futher investigation.

Objective To establish a method for the identification of Rhizoma Alismatis. Methods HPLC combined with evaporation light scattering detector(ELSD) was applied. Chromatographic column was Macherey-Nagel C18(250 mm?4 mm,10 ?m),acetonitrile -water (4 ∶1) used as mobile phase,flow rate 0.5 mL/min,gas flow rate of ELSD 2.25 L/min and the temperature of drift tube at 70 ℃. Results In the extraction of the authentic Rhizoma Alismatis,both alisol A24-acetate and alisol B23-acetate could be estimated;in the extraction of Rhizoma Alismatis from the market,the alisol A24-acetate could be estimated only;and only alisol B23-acetate could be estimated in the extraction of the standard powder of Rhizoma Alismatis. Conclusion The method is efficient,practical and easy to operate for detecting and identifying Rhizoma Alismatis.

ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical value of mechanical ventilation in treatment the children with critical hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) complicated with neurogenic pulmonary edema.MethodsThe clinical manifestations,laboratorydata,treatment,and outcome of 35 children with critical HFMD complicated with neurogenic pulmonary edema were retrospectively analyzed.Results35 cases had fever,34 cases had skin rash,33 cases had limb jitter,30 cases were easily frightened,30 cases lack of energy,34 cases had respiratory rhythm changes,18 cases vomited foam,18 cases poured pink in nose and mouth,22 cases had disturbance of consciousness,8 cases had flaccid paralysis.There were 30 cases with bilateral pulmonary exudative lesions in Chest X-ray.35 children were given mechanical ventilation based on the comprehensive treatment,and 3 cases of lower limb mobility impairments,12 cases died of pulmonary hemorrhage within 24 hours of admission,the rest was released.ConclusionEarly mechanical ventilation based on the comprehensive treatment is an important measure of successful treatment in children with critical HFMD complicated with neurogenic pulmonary edema.

Objective:To further investigate the effects of three kinds of material on the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Methods:The anterior teeth and the premolar teeth of 30 patients were divided into three groups randomly for Co-Cr alloy PFM, Ti PFM and all ceramic crown. Before tooth preparation, 1, 3 and 6 months after cementation, GCF was collected at the same sites. The levels of AST and ALP were detected by automated chemical analyzer, and analyzed the variation between the pre-restoration and post-restoration. Results:Before tooth preparation and 1 month after cementation, all indexes showed no difference among three groups. The level of GCF, AST and ALP of Co-Cr alloy group showed conspicuous difference with Ti PFM and all ceramic crowns after 3 months and 6 months. However, the levels of GCF, AST and ALP of Ti PFM group showed no difference with all ceramic crowns. Conclusion:Co-Cr based PFM crowns which clinically accepted have lead to changes of the levels of GCF, AST and ALP. Co-Cr based PFM crowns have negative influences on periodontal tissue. The Ti PFM and all ceramic crown may affect periodontium less than the Co-Cr PFM in observation period of this study.