The professional skill schools started an activity,which is the important measure to popularize the strategy of“the science and education making our country prosper”,that is,the definition of professional skill and implement of institution of professional certificates.It is the development direction of professional education that implementing of the institution of double-certificates',creating the new mode of cultivating the individuals,and strengthening the tuition of students'skill to make the students to acquire the education diplomas and the pro- fessional certificates.This issue points out the way and some opinions in this work,in the terns that imploring practice of the identification of the professional skill of microorganism inspecting worker' and the joint of microorganism education reform.

Objective To explore the pathogenic bacteria and immunologic mechanism of recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRI) in children.Methods The observation group included 50 children with RRI,26 cases were boys and 24 cases were girls, in Department of Respiratory Medicine of Wuhan Children′s Hospital were enrolled from Apr.2007 to Apr.2008.These children were divided into 3 subset groups:28 cases in 6 months-2 years old group,15 cases in 3-5 years old group,and 7 cases in 6-12 years old group.The healthy control group included 50 healthy children aged 6 months -12 years.The specimens were gathered on the next morning after the children entered hospital.The secretions of noses and pharynxes were gathered with clean and aseptic tampon from children with upper respiratory tract infection and placed in aseptic vessel,and were immediately detected with the pathogenic bacteria.The secretions of lower respiratory tract were gathered with suction method from children with lower respiratory tract infection and placed in aseptic vessel, and were immediately detected with the pathogenic bacteria,the number of superinfection with some kind of pathogenic bacteria was calculated.The children in observation group and healthy control group were exsanguinated of vein when the children were hungry to detect the cellular immunity(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) and humoral immunity(IgA,IgM,IgG,C3,C4).Results Three hundred and two specimens in 6 months-2 years old group were detected,and 135 pathogenic bacteria were separated,the ratio of positive was 42.2%,and the number of superinfection was 25.One hundred and thirty-seven specimens in 3-5 years old group were detected,and 47 pathogenic bacteria were separated,the ratio of positive was 34.3%,and the number of superinfection was 7.Fifty-four specimens in 6-12 years old group were detected,and 16 pathogenic bacteria were separated,the ratio of positive was 29.6%,and the number of superinfection was 2.The top 5 kinds of bacteria that those children with RRI were easily infected were Ps.aeruginosa,K.pneumoniae,S.aurens,E.coli and streptococcus pneumoniae.The CD3+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ of cellular immunity in the observation group were obviously lower than those in the healthy control group(Pa

Objective To investigate the dynamic change of serum Hcy level in patients with non-small lung cancer when under-going chemotherapy,and to study the value of monitoring serum Hcy for chemotherapy efficieney in non-small-cell carcinoma.Meth-ods In our study,we enrolled 62 patients with non-small-cell carcinoma when undergoing chemotherapy.The concentrations of ho-mocysteine,carcino-embryonic antigen and cytokeratin 1 9 fragments were detected,and then these results were analyzed by statisti-cal methods.Results Compared with before treatment,the serum homocysteine,carcino-embryonic antigen and cytokeratin 1 9 frag-ments levels in patients who had effective response decreased.After 2 courses of chemotherapy,the levels of the three markers were significantly lower than those detected before chemotherapy (P <0.05).But at the end of the first course,the serum hcy level was significantly lower than that detected before chemotherapy.There was no significant difference in the levels of the serum three markers in non-responders between before and after chemotherapy (P >0.05).The positive rates of the three markers were statisti-cally significant between single lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the non-small-cell carcinoma.Conclusion The detection of the dynamic changes of serum Hcy in patients with non-small-cell carcinoma when undergoing chemotherapy is useful in evaluating the effect of chemotherapy and tumor activity.

Objective To study the architecture of the subpleural pulmonary microvasculature and its functional relationship in the bactrian camel. Methods The replica scanning electron microscopic method was used. Results According to their continuous branches,the subpleural pulmonary microvasculatures were recognized into four grades: arteriole,terminal arteriole,precapillary arteriole and capillary.The subpleural pulmonary capillaries generally came from the subpleural precapillary arteriole and communicated each other to form the subpleural pulmonary capillary network.Sometimes,the subpleural terminal arteriole directly gave rise to capillaries to unite with the subpleural pulmonary capillary network.The network was loose,in which the diameter of the mesh was larger than that of the capillary,and the mesh was often hexagon and pentagon in appearance.There were obvious imprints of the smooth muscles on the surface of the casts of the subpleural pulmonary arteriole,the terminal arteriole and the precapillary arteriole.On the surface of the casts of the subpleural pulmonary capillary,there were obvious imprints of the endothelial nuclei as well.In addition,the broad and different level communications were found among the pulmonary interstitial capillary and subpleural pulmonary microvasculature.Conclusion There were no significant differences on the architecture of the subpleural pulmonary microvasculature between the bactrian camel and other kind of mammals.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of RXRγ and RARβ on the growth of human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901 treated by RXR agonist(9-cis-RA). Methods:The human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901 was treated with 9-cis-RA, and then the morphological changes were observed by H-E staining. The cell growth was detected by MTT assay. The apoptosis and the cell cycle progression were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of RXRγ and RARβ were detected by immunocytochemistry staining and western-blot assay. Results: HE stain showed that the SGC7901 cells were sparser with the increasing concentration of 9-cis-RA. The growth of SGC7901 cell was inhibited by 9-cis-RA at the concentration of 20 μmol/L in time and dose depended manner. The apoptotic rate of the tumor cells increased after 72 hours at the concentration of 20 μmol/L 9-cis-RA and the tumor cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase. Immunocytochemistry and Western-blot assay showed that the expressions of RXRγ and RARβ increased after 72 hours, compared with those of negative control group. Conclusion: RXR agonist 9-cis-RA can inhibit the growth of SGC7901 cells via inducing cell apoptosis through upgrading the expressions of RXRγ and RARβ.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the satisfaction degree of outpatients on policy of separation of clinical pharmacy from 4 third grade hospitals in Shanghai,and provide reference for promoting medical reform policy. METHODS:Parts of outpatients in the 4 new suburb third grade hospitals were investigated by the questionnaire and interview in Shanghai city,and the data was sta-tistically analyzed by Excel software and SPSS 19.0 software. RESULTS:Totally 400 questionnaires were sent out and 368 were valid with effective recovery of 94.3%. The awareness rate of medical separation policy was 81.3% in the outpatients;55.5% of outpatients thought that medicine cost savings effect was not obvious;the overall satisfaction of patients was 91.6%,and the high-est of satisfaction was the service attitude and the lowest was medical expenses. CONCLUSIONS:Policy of separation of clinical pharmacy has reduced the medical expenses,guided the triage treatment of patients partly and improved the satisfaction of patients. It is suggested to shorten the waiting time by optimizing examination process,strengthen price regulation in drug,standardize pro-duction and distribution process,improve use rate of essential medicines and promote clinical rational drug use for further improve-ment of satisfaction.

The lecture, role play, combination of team learning and self-directed learning, group presentation,these multiple pedagogies were adopted in the teaching of selective medical English course.The questionnaire result showed this multiple teaching strategy can foster the students' interest in medical English, enhance their awareness of active learning and increase the ir learning efficacy, which is an effective teaching model, and can be applied and promoted in the medical English teaching.

Objective To investigate the effects of motilin on the voltage dependent potassium channel and L-type calcium channel currents in rat proximal colon smooth muscle cells (PCSM) and to explore its mechanism in increasing colonic motility.Methods PCSM were isolated by collagenase.The voltage dependent potassium channel transit outward current (IKA ) and delayed rectifier current (IKdr) and L-type calcium currents (ICa(L)) were measured by whole cell patch clamp technique.Groups were analyzed by paired t-test.Results There was no significant effect of motilin on IKA and IKdr.L-type calcium channel was dose-dependently activated by motilin from 0.5 × 105 mmol/L to 10.0 ×10-5 mmol/L.At 6 × 10-5 mmol/L motilin and under - 10,0 and 10 mV stimulating voltage,maximum current density increased by 154.61％,62.69％ and 21.02％ respectively and activation kinetics curve obviously left shifted.Half activation voltage decreased from (2.740±1.211) mV prior administration to ( - 25.290 ± 0.614) mV (t =8.534,P =0.007 ) and there was no significant difference in slope factor. Conclusions Motilin increases colonic smooth muscle contraction by promoting calcium influx. However the frequency of colonic smooth muscle contraction could not change with frequency of equilibrium potential and action potential of colonic smooth muscle.

Objective: The bacteriostatic, antiviral, anti inflammatory and antipruritic effects of Mieryongkang Ointment (Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Fructus Cnidii, Herba Violae, etc) in the treatment of vaginitis were investigated. Methods: By the methods of tube bacteriostatic test in vitro, histamine phosphate allergic pruritic tolerance in guinea pig, xylene induced ear acute inflammatory oedema of mouse and egg albumin caused foot swelling of rat, the pharmacological effects were observed. Results: Mieryongkang Ointment could inhibit and/or destory staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus, gonococcus, trichomonad and human immunodeficiency virus in tube trial. It also increased the itching threshold value of histamine phosphate allergic pruritic tolerance in guinea pig and decreased the rates of swelling in ear acute inflammatory oedema of mouse induced by xylene and egg albumin caused in foot of rat after using the drug in skin. Conclusion:Mieryongkang Ointment has bacteriostatic, antiviral, anti inflammatory and relieving the itch.

The quarantine inspection and acceptance of laboratory animals is an important work, which can protect animals from pollution, occurrence and spread of diseases in the surounding area, and it is the key point to realize the quality standardization of laboratory animals.Beagle dogs are acknowledged widely as specialized laboratory dogs which is widely employed in experiments of drug safety evaluation because of the good genetic stability, environmental adaptability, disease resistance and consistency testing in the experiments.Establishment of standard operating procedures of beagle dog quarantine acceptance check for drug GLP organization tests, refining technical points, strengthen the technical training of quarantine officers, and efforts to improve the level of quarantine are needed to finally ensure the quality of laboratory animals.