In recent years, preoperative therapy has become the standard procedure to improve radical resection rate and local control for advanced rectal cancer. Tumor responses to chemoradiotherapy, however, vary considerably, thus increasing the demand for both functional and morphologic radiologic evaluation of response to chemoradiotherapy to distinguish responders from nonresponders. MR imaging is considered the most accurate tool for the primary staging of tumor extent, and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy. Functional imaging modalities including DW-MRI and PET-CT have shown promising prospect in the early evaluation of the response of rectal cancer to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. However, wide clinical application will take some time.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To investigate the changes in femoral gene expression profiles in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) via clustering analysis of DNA microarray.Method Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice (4w old) were randomly assigned to two groups,8 in each,after 4-d ordinary diet for adaptation.The control group was fed with an ordinary diet,and the HFD group with HFD(19.5% lard).All mice were sacrificed at the end of 12w and the femoral gene expression was detected by oligonucleotide microarray analysis with Affymetrix Gene Chip Mouse U430A.DAVID,an online tool,was used for clustering analysis on femoral gene expression.Results Longtime administration of HFD caused femoral gene expressed differences related to cation ion channel,transcription regulation and signal transduction,bone mineralization,phosphate metabolic process regulation,and collagen synthesis.Conclusion Longtime intake of HFD will change the expression of numerous bone metabolism-related genes in bone of mice,and then inhibit bone formation.

Objective To evaluate the influence of duration of laser irradiation on histomorphometric meas- urements in experimentally tenotomized and repaired rabbit Achilles tendons and to explore the best irradiation time. Methods A total of 20 male New Zealand rabbits aged 10-12 weeks were used and randomly divided into 4 groups:a control group and three experimental groups.All the animals underwent surgical excised and then repair of their Achillis tendon.The animals in the control group were then treated with sham laser irradiation,while those in the three experimental groups were treated with 10,20 and 30 minutes of He-Ne laser irradiation(632.8 nm, 18.9 mW)daily,respectively,for 14 days.On the 28th day after surgical operation,the animals were sacrificed and their Achilles tendons were sampled.HE stain and Van Geison stain were used to observe morphometric changes of tendons.The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis method and CS-930 photodensity scan instrument were employed to measure the content of typesⅠandⅢcollagen.Results it was shown that laser irradiation enhanced cell proliferation,cel- lular content,granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition in laser-treated tendons,especially in those irradia- ted for 20 minute daily,as compared to the control group.TypeⅠand typeⅢcollagen levels were significantly in- creased at the 28th day in the healing tendons and the ratio of collagenⅢtoⅠincreased in all the 3 experimental groups,and the increase of both collagen content and ratio of collagen typeⅢtoⅠwas significantly greater in those ir- radiated 20 minutes daily(P

Objective To study normal flora components of conjunctiva, explore the relationship between normal flora and ocu- lar bacterial infections.Methods The data of 1 198 bacterial cultures of conjunctiva in non-infectious cataract patients were re- viewed and compared with the results of 985 specimens of conjunctivitis, keratitis and endophthalmitis from January 2000 to December 2004.Results Positive culture of conjunctiva in non-infectious cataract patients was 628 in 1 198 specimens (52.4%).These bacteria including gram-positive cocci and gram-neganve bacilli constituted the normal flora of conjunctiva. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant bacteria (51.1%, 341/667) and its prevalence increased during this 5-year period.S.epidermidis and S.aureus were also the most frequently isolated pathogens in specimens of conjunctivitis, keratitis and endophthalmitis.The correlation was statistically significant between the positive rate in normal eye and conjunctivitis or keratitis in terms of these two species, but not statistically significant between normal eye and endophthalmitis.The resistance rate of normal flora of conjunctiva to ampicillin, amikacin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin increased year by year. The resistance rate to gentamicin and the combination of two drugs decreased.The changing resistant pattern was similar in pa- tients with eye infection.Conclusions There is a close relationship between the normal flora S.aureus and S.epidermidis of conjunctiva and the bacterial infection of ocular surface, but no significant correlation between normal flora and the pathogen of endophthalmitis.

Secondary glaucoma is a kind of complications after vitrectomy, its etiologies are various and complex. Ineffective therapies might cause irreversible damage on optic nerves and visual field defect, even the loss in visual function. Nowadays, this project has been paid great attention by various researches both in China and abroad. Both the pathogens and therapies of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy are analyzed as follows.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the structure of TMJ and the craniofacial pattern,occlusion in ClassⅡ1mandibular retrusion children. Methods:TMJ MRI,lateral cephalometric were taken respectively from 30 ClassⅡ1 patients (14 boys and 16 girls,the average age was 10.8?1.1 years). The condyle position and disc position were measured. The correlation of condyle and disc position with craniofacial pattern and occlusion were analyzed metrically and compared with pearson test.Results:There were low positive correlation between MP-SN angle and anterial space. No correlation between posterior-anterior ratio and other data were found. The posterior facial height and Dp-Cc/Cs-Cc angle had low positive correlation. The anterior facial height and Dp-Cc/Cs-Cc、Ca-Ca'、Ca-Cp showed low negative correlation,and little correlation was found between condyle position and overbite and overjet. Overbite had no correlation with disc-condyle-fossa relationship. However,The positive correlation was found between the overjet. and Ca-Dm and Dp-Cc/Cs-Cc,and Pearson coefficient is 0.420 and 0.460.Conclusion:Vertical craniofacial patter has relation to forward displacement of condyle and backward displacement of disc. A deeper overjet is related with a higher risk of abnormal disc-condyle-fossa relationship.

To analyze the incidence,clinical manifestations and causes of 42 in patients with anaphylaxis from 1990 and follow its change before and after 2005 retrospectively.The mean age was (39 ± 16) years.The ratio of male and female was 1:2.2.The incidence increased obviously after 2005 (30 vs.12).A majority of patients were females after 2005 (24 vs.5).The proportions of patients with impaired nerve system,circulatory system and hypotension decreased after 2005 (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Anaphylaxis attacked more often intra-operatively after 2005 (43.3 ％ vs.1 / 12).The most common cause was drug(35/42),especially antibiotics(14/35).

Objectives To study the expression patterns of steroid receptor coactivators (SRC) and steroid-induced stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in endometriosis,and to explore the roles of SRC in the steroid-induced SDF-1 expression endometriosis.Methods From May 2010 to October 2012,16 endometriosis cases at stages Ⅲ or Ⅳ according to the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification undergoing surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University were enrolled in this study.Their ectopic endometrium were from ovarian endometriomata which were identified pathologically with 9 cases at proliferative phase and 7 cases at secretory phase.The normal endometrium were acquired from the healthy women with normal menstrual cycle (n =10,proliferative phase =5,secretory phase =5).The mnRNA levels of SRC and SDF-1α during the menstrual cycle were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Ectopic endometrium stromal cells were purified and cultured in medium containing 17β-estradiol (10-8mol/L) or 17β-estradiol (10-8 mol/L) + progesterone (10-6 mol/L).At 24,48,72 and 96 hours,the supernatants were collected to measure SDF-1α expression by ELISA.Ectopic endometrium stromal cells were transfected respectively with siRNA of SRC-1 and SRC-2 using lipofectamine.Two days after transfection,17β-estradiol (10-8 moL/L) or 17β-estradiol (10-8 mol/L) + progesterone (10-6 mol/L) were added into the media.On the third day after the steroid hormones treatment,the media were collected to quantify SDF-1α expression with ELISA.Results (1) Cyclical changes: the SRC-1,SRC-2 and SDF-1 α showed marked cyclic differences in normal endometrium (P ＜ 0.05).In proliferative phase and secretory phase,the SRC-1,SRC-2 and SDF-1 α were 5.6 ± 1.2,3.8 ± 1.1,2.7 ± 0.5 and 2.6 ± 1.0,2.1 ± 1.0,1.6-± 0.5,respectively.There was no periodic variation in the expression of SRC-1,SRC-2 and SDF-1α in ectopic endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle.(2) Steroid-induced SDF-1α expression in ectopic endometrium stromal cells: the 17β-estradiol-induced SDF-1α expression was (1 803 ± 196),(2 272 ± 261) and (2 162 ± 258) ng/L at 48,72 and 96 hours.At the same time points,the SDF-1α expression induced by 17β-estradiol and progesterone was (1 307 ± 150),(1 518 ± 301) and (1 550 ± 144) ng/L,respectively.There was significant difference between two groups (P ＜0.05).(3) The effects of SRC silencing on steroid hormones-induced SDF-1 α expression in ectopic endometrium stromal cells: the expression of 17β-estradiol-induced SDF-1α at 72 hours was significantly decreased from (2 313 ± 357) ng/L to (1 155 ± 244) ng/L after the silencing of SRC-1 (P ＜ 0.05).After the silencing of SRC-2,the 17β-estradiol-induced SDF-1 α at 72 hours was (1 958 ±324) ng/L.There was no significant difference compared with the before the silencing (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of SDF-1 α at 72 hours induced by 17β-estradiol + progesterone was (1 534 ± 449) ng/L and (2 051 ± 380) ng/L respectively before and after the silencing of SRC-2 and showed the significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion During the expression of SDF-1 α regulated by steroids in ectopic endometrium cells,SRC-1 is the major coactivator of 17β-estradiol and SRC-2 is the major coactivator of progesterone.

PNS (Panax notoginseng saponins) is the main medical bioactive component in Panax notoginseng. The medical value of PNS cannot be extended because of its low production. With the deep study of saponins biosynthetic pathway, the control of PNS biosynthesis through metabolic engineering has gradually become possible. In this study, the Squalene synthase (SS) over-expression vector was established. By the way of agrobacterium-mediated method, the vector was transfered and integrated into the Panax notoginseng genome. The result of the PCR detection and the saponin content detection shows that over-expression SS is able to produce high level of Panax notoginseng saponins, and confirms the regulatory function of SS in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng. It provides a theoretical basis and technical basis for the construction of PNS homologous or heterologous efficient expression system in the future.