Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the controlled virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) in liver of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated withnon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Two hundred and twenty-seven patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD were enrolled in this study,and the shear wave speed of the liver was measured by VTQ. Levels of the fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol three acids glyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein , aspertate aminotransferase , alanine aminotransferase , gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and uric acid were measured. The relationships among VTQ and the severity of NAFLD , and those quantitative indexes were analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed that the value of shear wave speed was negatively correlated with age,duration of diabetes,INS and HDL-C,while was positively correlated with HbA1c and AST. Conclusion Age, sex and levels of serum HbA1c,INS,AST and HLD-C might affect the values of shear wave speed in patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD.

The interventional treatment of lung cancer is tightly related with hemodynamic situation of artery.To study hemodynamics of the interventional treatment of lung cancer can significantly improve curative effect and decrease complications.Through simulation experiment,the ratio of drug injection around the entrance of bronchial artery is obtained and the definition of natural perfusion region is given.The evidence for interventional treatment of lung cancer and the principle avoiding high-level paraplegia in clinical interventional treatment of lung cancer are also presented.

A laboratory scale combination process of anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR) with sequencing batch reactor(SBR) for treatment of real dyeing wastewater was studied.The effects of operational conditions were investigated.The results demonstrated that removal rates of COD,colour and aniline were 32%~95%,89%~99% and 50%~98%,respectively,the effluents of COD were 30.0 ~97.1mg/L,colour were 8 ~40 times dilution ratio,concentration of aniline were 0.20 ~0.95 mg/L,which could meet the National Discharge Criteria(GradeⅠ) under the operational conditions of HRTs of 24~36 h,organic loading rates of 0.43 ~2.46 kg COD/(m~(3)?d),the influent pH values of 6.5~8.0,ambient temperatures of 20℃~35℃ at the ABR stage and DOs of 2 mg/L,reaction times of 3~10h,settle times of 2 h at the SBR stage.

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16s rDNA was used to assess changes of biodiversity in a biotrickling filter used to treat waste air containing toluene. The results shown that along with gradually increase of removing capacity for toluene, microbial community structure in packing materials sampled from biotrickling filter also changed markedly over periods of experiment. Under selective pressure of toluene, the number of microbial species decreased but relative abundance of some predominant species increased,and microbial spatial location along the height of biotrickling filter tend to be identical.

A pilot-scale research on purification of odorous gas emitted from wastewater treatment plant using a biofilter was conducted. The aim of this study is to check on the performance of biofilter running in various conditions and the effect of pH fluctuations on the performance of biofilter. The relation between distribution of microorganism and removal of odorous gases were also discussed here. The experimental results show that the predominant odor-causing gas can be efficiently eliminated by a biofilter inoculated with deodoring microorganism which were isolated previously. Moreover the biofilter had been proved having good tolerance to shocking loads of pollutant and can operate well in the condition of low pH.

A new species of genus shewarella Shewanellade decolorations S12, was isolated from activated sludge of a textile-printing waste-water treatment plant. In the anaerobic condition, S12 could conserve energy for growth by using Fe3 + as the terminal electron acceptor. At the optimal condition of pH8, temperature 30℃, ferric citrate 800mg/L, sodium lactate 2g/ L, yeast extract 0. 5g/ L , the cell growth increased with the raise of the amount of the Fe3+ reduction in 8k The effect of different carbon soucres, nitrogen sources, pH values and growth temperatures on the anaerobic Fe3 + reduction of Shewanella decolorations S12 was investigated. LB was favorable for Fe3 + reduction. Glucose and sodium lactate also were favorable for Fe3+ reduction. The cell growth and Fe3 + reduction increased with the raise of the amount of the yeast extract from 0 to 4g/L The amounts of the sodium lactate of 6g/ L and ferric citrate of 800mg/L were suitable for strain S12 growth and Fe3+ reduction. In the optimum initial pH value range of 6 -8 for Fe3+ reduction, strain S12 growth increased with the raise of the pH val- ue. Strain S12 could growth and reduce Fe3+ at the temperature range of 20 -40℃. The best temperature for strain S12 growth and Fe3 + reduction was 301.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between urinary cadmium and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.

METHODSThe clinicopathological characteristics of 240 patients with breast cancer were obtained and urine specimens were collected from October 2009 to July 2010. The concentration of urinary cadmium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). χ(2) test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to analyze whether urinary cadmium is associated with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.

RESULTSThe median concentration of urine cadmium of 240 patients was 1.99 µg/g (25th percentile, 1.32 µg/g; 75th percentile, 2.88 µg/g). HER-2 positive rate, regional/distant metastasis rate, and advanced stage rate in patients with the highest tertile of cadmium concentration were significantly higher than those in the patients with second and lowest Cd tertiles (P = 0.042, P = 0.028 and P = 0.017, respectively), and 28.2% vs. 16.5% for HER-2 and 47.2% vs. 32.0% for regional/distant metastasis, respectively. There were still significant associations between urinary cadmium levels and these clinicopathological parameters after being adjusted in age by unconditional logistic regression model, respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study suggest that urinary cadmium levels are associated with the HER-2 status, regional/distant metastasis status and stages of breast cancer, respectively. Cadmium may induce highly aggressive breast cancer in humans.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; urine ; Cadmium ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the interaction of body mass index (BMI) and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP,rs17883901) in catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC) on breast cancer risk.Methods A total of 839 women with incident breast cancer and 863 age-matched controls without cancer were recruited at the same period in three affiliated hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou from October 2008 to June 2010.GCLC rs17883901 was genotyped by MALDI-TOF-MS.Binary unconditional logistic regression was applied to calculate odds ratios and 95％ confidence intervals.Results The difference of present BMI and BMI at age 20 was not statistically significant between cases and controls,either as the genotypes of GCLC.No association was found between BMI at present and premenopausal or postmenopausal breast cancer risk.But we found that women who had a BMI at age 20 of 18.5 to 22.9 had a marginally decreased risk of premenopausal breast cancer [OR and 95％CI:0.69 (0.48,1.00)].Among women with CT/TT genotypes,whose present BMI was greater than 25 had a increased risk [OR and 95％CI:1.91 (1.09,3.36)] of breast cancer and a decreased risk [OR and 95％CI:0.56(0.31,0.99)] with a BMI at age 20 of 18.5 to 22.9.There was a interaction between GCLC gene (rs17883901)and BMI at present in breast cancer risk (P=0.043),which was not found between rs17883901 and BMI at age 20.Conclusion Our findings indicate BMI at age 20 may be a protective factor of premenopausal breast cancer,while no association appears between GCLC (rs17883901) and breast cancer.Obesity at present may significantly increase the risk of breast cancer among women with CT/TT genotypes of GCLC (rs17883901).

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of central venous pressure (CVP), global end diastolic volume index (GEDI) and extravascular lung water index (ELWI) monitoring in patients with septic shock during fluid resuscitation by pulse induced continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) test.

METHODSForty-six patients with severe sepsis and septic shock were enrolled in this study. Hemodynamic monitoring was performed during fluid resuscitation and the data including CVP, GEDI and ELWI were collected to analyze their relationship and the clinical values.

RESULTSIn patients with septic shock, CVP showed a weak linear correlation with GEDI during fluid resuscitation (r=0.137, P=0.009). In the subgroups stratified with CVP cut-off values of 8 mmHg and 12 mmHg, the correlation coefficient between CVP and GEDI was 0.149 (P=0.029) in CVP<8 mmHg group, 0.075 (P=0.462) in 8 mmHg ≤ CVP ≤ 12 mmHg group, and 0.049 (P=0.726) in CVP>12 mmHg group. In the total of 367 data groups obtained, CVP showed no linear correlation with ELWI (r=0.040, P=0.445). In the CVP subgroups, CVP and ELWI were weakly correlated in CVP<8 mmHg group (r=0.221, P=0.001), but they showed no correlations in 8 mmH g≤ CVP ≤ 12 mmHg and CVP>12 mmHg groups (r=-0.047, P=0.646; r=0.042, P=0.765).

CONCLUSIONThere is no significant linear correlation between CVP and GEDI or between CVP and ELWI in patients with septic shock. CVP can not reflect the circulatory blood volume or the degree of pulmonary edema.

Blood Volume ; Cardiac Output ; Central Venous Pressure ; Extravascular Lung Water ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Pulmonary Edema ; Resuscitation ; Shock, Septic ; therapy

Objective To understand the awareness of AIDS related knowledge, high risk behaviors, the infection status of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2, and to explore the associated factors with HSV-2 infection among whoremasters in Kaiyuan City, so as to provide scientific evidence for targeted intervention to prevent and control HIV and other STDs. Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among whoremasters recruited through outreach activities and snowball sampling. The blood and urine were also collected for corresponding laboratory examination. Results Among the whoremasters, 98.22% had a high awareness of AIDS related knowledge, 9.33% once used drugs, and 14.67% did not use a condom during the latest commercial sex. 62.22% of the whoremasters ever had non-marital sex partners, and of those who had sex with non-marital sex partners in the past year, 59.55% reported using condoms inconsistently. The total infection rate of HIV/syphilis/HSV-2 was 18.22% and the infection rates of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2 were 3.11%, 1.33% and 16.44%, respectively. The older whoremasters were more likely to have a higher HSV-2 infection rate (AOR=1.044,95%CI:1.016-1.073,P=0.002), and those whoremasters not using a condom during the latest commercial sex were more likely to have a higher HSV-2 infection rate (AOR=3.125,95%CI:1.229-7.945,P=0.017). Conclusions Though whoremasters in Kaiyuan City had a high awareness of AIDS related knowledge, they had high-risk behaviors and relatively high HIV and other STDs infection rates. Targeted interventions are needed to improve the risk awareness of STDs infection to promote consistent condom use in both commercial and non-marital sexual behaviors among whoremasters.