AIM: To compare the effectiveness of botulinus toxin of type A and complete resection of the periorbital muscle on idiopathic blepharospasm.
● METHODS: Patients with idiopathic blepharospasm and having undergone either of two procedures from Dec. 2010 to Jun. 2015 were selected ( 60 patients ) . Among them, group A (30 patients, 60 eyes) underwent botulinus toxin of type A, group B (30 patients, 60 eyes) underwent complete resection of the periorbital muscle.
●RESULTS: ln group A, the patients with complete response, obvious response, partial response, and no response were 36(60. 0%), 20(33. 3%), 2(3. 3%) and 2 (3. 3%) cases respectively. ln group B, the patients with complete response, obvious response, partial response, and no response were 16(26. 7%), 24(40. 0), 12(20. 0%) and 8 ( 13. 3%) cases respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( Z = - 2. 968, P = 0. 003 ). The relapse rate of group A and group B were 93. 3% and 20. 0% after 6mo, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=32. 851, P<0. 001).
●CONCLUSION: The botulinus toxin injection of type A is effective for idiopathic blepharospasm. But recurrence rate is high after 6mo. Complete resection of the periorbital muscle have long-term efficacy for idiopathic blepharospasm. It′s a supplementary therapy after idiopathic blepharospasm recurrence.

INTRODUCTIONIt is challenging for dialysis patients to maintain adherence to their medical regimen, and symptoms of depression are prevalent among them. Limited data is available about adherence and depression among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study aimed to examine the rates of treatment non-adherence and depression in PD patients.

METHODSA total of 20 PD patients (response rate 71.4%; mean age 64.4 ± 11.6 years) were assessed using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, Self Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form. A self-reported adherence (PD exchanges, medication and diet) scale developed for the study was also included. Medical information (e.g. most recent biochemistry results) was obtained from chart review.

RESULTSThe mean self-reported scores indicated an overall high level of adherence, although a significant proportion of patients were non-adherent. Among the latter, 20% of patients were non-adherent to medication and 26% to diet due to forgetfulness, while 15% and 26% of patients admitted to deliberate non-adherence to medication and diet, respectively. Treatment modality, employment, self-care status and self-efficacy were associated with overall adherence. Using a cutoff point of 8 for HAD depression and anxiety subscales, 40% of patients were found to be depressed and 30% had symptoms of anxiety.

CONCLUSIONThis is the first study to document treatment adherence and depression among PD patients in Singapore. Findings of high prevalence of depression and anxiety, and reports of poor adherence warrant development of intervention programmes.

Aged ; Anxiety ; complications ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; complications ; therapy ; Male ; Medical Records ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; methods ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Arsenic ; urine ; Arsenicals ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods

The theoretical basis of the alcohol precipitation process control was provided, the alcohol precipitation was optimized and the relationship equation was got. The monod glycoside, loganin and paeoniflorin were used as the evaluation indexes to determine the impact factors of alcohol precipitation techniques of Liuwei Dihuang decoction by the Plackett-Burman experimental design and the levels of non-significant factors were identified. Then, Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to research and discuss the critical process parameters influence the effect of alcohol precipitation and draw interaction between key process parameters and the correlation equation with index components. Through the establishment and solving the quadratic regression model of composite score, the optimum preparation conditions of alcohol precipitation techniques of liuwei were as follows: stirring speed was 580 r x min(-1), standing time was 17 hours, alcohol concentration was 34%, the density of Liuwei Dihuang decoction was 1.13. The response surface methodology for optimized alcohol precipitation techniques of Liuwei Dihuang decoction is. reasonable and feasible.
Chemical Precipitation ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry

In this study, 31 Notopterygium incisum populations were analyzed using ITS sequences to investigate the genetic structure. The results showed that: the ITS region ranged in size from 634 to 635 bp and base composition was with high G + C content of 57.8%. Thirty-one polymorphic sites were detected from 402 sequences of 31 populations of N. incisum, and the proportion of polymorphic sites was 4.88%, in which parsimony informative sites were up to 12. And 31 haplotypes were identified based on these polymorphic sites. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) indicated that high genetic differentiation (57%) existed among population, and gene flow was low (N(m) = 0.38) among populations. Phylogenetic relationships of 31 haplotypes were analyzed using NJ method with N. forbesiias an out-group. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 31 haplotypes from different populations mixed together and did not form distinct geographically separated clades.
Apiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

Targeting dosage form is a kind of targeting drug delivery system which can be used to lock drugs aroud the target organs, tissues, cells and obtain more effective treatment for dose concentration, thus reducing the side-effects of such drugs while increasing their effeciveness. Targeting dosage form is the fourth-generation drug dosage form and it is ideal system for administration because it release the theraping drugs in the targeting-site. Particular emphasis was placed on liposome due to it was used as a drug carrier. Meanwhile, the highlights of research were on magnetic and enzyme targeting preparations. In addition, oral colon targeting drug delivery system, drugs were carried to ileocecum and release to get local and whole effect, is also an important part of targeting dosage form. The study on traditional chinese medicine (TCM) targeting dosage form is still at beginning stage in China. At present, most of study on TCM and natural products targeting drugs were focus on simple effective component and merely on TCM effective positions in relative with the difficult for determing their quality standard and procedure of preparing. It is the kernel item for TCM modernization and the key for TCM internationalization to develop new dosage form and new technology of TCM. There is a need in collaboration with multiple discipline. It will be a important research subject to develop TCM targeting preparation in the near future. TCM targeting dosage form can be classified into liposome, nanoparticles, multiple emulsion etc according to the difference of carrier and oral, rectal, colonic, nasal, dermal, ocular system on a basis of administration and so on. This paper made a summary on TCM and natural products targeting dosage form according to different targeting positions and introduce the procedure of preparing compared with the effect in vivo and manifest that TCM and natural products targeting dosage form will have good exploit prospect.
Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Liposomes ; Nanotechnology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of canal wall-down tympanoplasty(CWdT)on chronic otitis media and evaluate the effects of simultaneous auditory rehabilitation.Methods 13 cases on chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma and/or granulation tissue were treated by CWdT,the effects were contrast with radi- cal mastoidectomy.Results After 6 months to 6 years of follow-up,all the cases by CWdT had dry ear without re- currence.The rate of hearing restoration and improvement was 84.6% from the cases.In same times,the rate of re- currence,hearing restoration and improvement was 52.6%,31.0% from the mastoidectomies.Conclusion The CWdT has advantage in indication,removal of lesions and the operation could be adjusted appropriately for simulta- neously auditory rehabilitation.

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) makes great contributions to the prosperous growth and people's health.But understanding deviation and imperfect evaluation system of TCM affect the healthy development of TCM.Clinic practice is the motive power of TCM,and curative effect is the key of TCM researches,and the scientific evaluation system is the safeguard for a healthy development of TCM.So we should focus on clinical researches of stubborn diseases and emergency cases to satisfy social demand and upgrade the position of TCM in the medical system.At the same time,functional disease must be explored to show the advantage of TCM.Our mission is to establish a scientific objective evaluation system to accurately understand TCM and take it as the turning point to give an impetus to theoretical breakthrough of the basic studies to promote an overall and healthy development of TCM.

· AIM: To explore the dynamic expression and correlation among telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT), proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA) and antiapoptosis protein Bd-2 which relate to cell proliferation in epiretinal membrane of rat traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).· METHODS: S-P technique was applied for immunohistochemical staining of epiretinal membrane of traumatic PVR with TERT, PCNA and Bcl-2 antibody. HE staining was also carried out. The staining results were analyzed with image analysis system.· RESULTS: The positive rate and average A of PCNA protein were upregulated at first and then down-regulated, with the peak value in 14d Group, which was significantly different from those in 7d Group and 28d Group.The positive rate and average A of TERT and Bcl-2 were also upregulated at first and then down-regulated, with the peak value in 14d Group and 21d Group, which were significantly different from those in 7d Group. There was significant correlation among PCNA, Bcl-2 and TERT protein expression (P≤0.01).· CONCLUSTON: TERT and Bcl-2 take part in the regulation of proliferative cells in epiretinal membrane of traumatic proliferative PVR, with high correlation with the dynamic changes of cell proliferation.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transcription factor SP1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 (demonstrating by microvessel density, MVD) in serosa-infiltrative gastric cancer (T3) and their relations with the pathobiological behavior of the tumor, and to investigate the molecular basis of the defluxion of gastric cancer cells in abdominal cavity and its influence on prognosis.

METHODSSelective collection of peritoneal lavage was obtained from 80 patients with serosa-infiltrative gastric cancer received operation from April to December in 2007. The cancer cells were detected by using peritoneal lavage cytology (PLC) and immunochemistry of cytokeratin 18 (CK18). Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the HGF, SP1, VEGF and CD34 in serosa-infiltrative gastric cancer tissues. The rigorous follow-up was carried out for the patients.

RESULTSThe positive rate of PLC was 63.8% (51/80), and the positive rate of immunochemistry of CK18 was 75.0% (60/80). The positive cases in PLC were positive in immunochemistry of CK18 also, while 9 negative cases in PLC were positive with CK18, and of them 6 cases were determined positive with exfoliated cancer cells through pathological consulting. So the positive rate of exfoliated cells of this group was 71.3% (57/80). The positive rates of HGF, SP1 and VEGF in gastric cancer tissues were 57.5%, 52.5% and 55.0%, respectively, and were all significantly correlated with the MVD (P < 0.05). HGF, SP1, VEGF and MVD were correlated with the positive rate of exfoliated cells (P < 0.05). HGF, SP1, VEGF and MVD were found significantly related to prognosis on univariate analysis (P < 0.05), and it was demonstrated that HGF, SP1 and VEGF were independent prognostic influential factors on Logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of HGF, SP1, VEGF and MVD are related with the biological behaviour of serosa-infiltrative gastric cancer. The detection of these factors might be helpful in predicting the defluxion of gastric cancer cells and postoperative recurrence.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Peritoneal Lavage ; Prognosis ; Serous Membrane ; pathology ; Sp1 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism