Group B Streptococcus ( GBS) is a conditional pathogenic bacteria related to late-term abortion, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, perinatal infection, neonatal sepsis and other diseases.Prevention and treatment guidelines by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) suggest that all the pregnant women at 35-37 gestational weeks should screen for GBS .The detection methods for GBS include microbiology , immunology, molecular biology, etc.The appropriate method should be chosen depending on circumstances .Penicillin is recommended for the preventive treatment of GBS , and the treatment for the insensitive should base on the antibiotic susceptibility results .No vaccine against GBS is currently available for clinical use .

Since recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was licensed for growth hormone deficiency(GHD) in 1985,it has been available in short stature associated with Turner syndrome (TS),being born small for gestational age,idiopathic short stature,chronic renal insufficiency in the last 20 years.The overall safety profile of rhGH continues to be favorable,but careful monitoring for the presence of certain conditions is important both during and after therapy.Reasonable indication,time of therapy and dosage are important to obtain the ideal result and save the expense.Besides,the efforts to improve rhGH therapy and increase compliance have also led to the investigation of extended-release rhGH and less invasive administration routes.Recent advances in the treatment of rhGH are reviewed in details.

Conotruncal anomaly is composed of a group of complex congenital heart diseases. Cardiac outflow tract (OFT) plays an essential role in the cardiac conotruncal development. Recently, transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway has become a research hotspot, which is recognized as a important regulation mechanism in many processes of the cardiac development, such as separation of OFT and maturation of septums. In this paper we describe the role of the signaling pathway and its effect on the development of cardiac OFT.

Objective:To prepare DHAQ-GM-CSF immunoliposomes and observe the cytotoxicity of HL60 cells treated with the immunoliposomes for providing the preclinical data for AML therapy. Methods:DHAQ liposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation(REV),and GM-CSF was coupled to the DHAQ liposomes.The cytotoxicity of HL60 cells treated with the immunoliposomes was measured by tetrazolium microculture(MTT) celluar cytotoxicity test.The data of cellar untrastructure and apoptotic rate were collected by transmission electron microscopy,and flow cytometric analysis. Results:DHAQ-GM-CSF immunoliposomes had better effects on the cytotoxicity of HL60 cells than DHAQ liposomes and DHAQ.The cellar untrastructure was markly destroyed and many apoptotic bodies formed after the treatment. Conclusion:DHAQ-GM-CSF immunoliposomes are successfully prepared and verified,which have targeting cytotoxicity on HL60 cells.The study establishes the foundation for futher investigation.

Several multi-gene assays have been developed to predict the risk of recurrence in patients with early-stage, estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Among them, Oncotype DX 21-gene assay is widely applied among node-negative patients because of its unique prediction of therapeutic benefit. Although many retrospective stud-ies have proved its prognostic and predictive value in node-positive population, evidence from large prospective clinical trials remains insufficient. When combined with clinicopathological variables, the assay has been shown to impact adjuvant treatment decision making in a cost-effective manner. This article reviewed the available clinical evidence for the prognostic and predictive value, unique advantages, the effect on treatment decision making, cost-effectiveness and contradictories of 21-gene assay in early-stage luminal breast cancer patients.

The Chinese University students have low enthusiasm in classroom participation,so the classroom atmosphere is inactive.This article elaborates this point from three aspects such as how to cultivate the students' sense of classroom participation and enhance the English teaching quality.

Cooperative learning is a system of teaching pattern known for its contribution to the improvement of the class teaching effect,which has been successfully applied in middle schools and secondary vocational schools. Its application to oral English teaching for international nursing majors in higher vocational colleges can not only promote the students’oral English and communicative ability,but also help to cultivate their consciousness of cooperation and team work.

Objective To establish a method for the identification of Rhizoma Alismatis. Methods HPLC combined with evaporation light scattering detector(ELSD) was applied. Chromatographic column was Macherey-Nagel C18(250 mm?4 mm,10 ?m),acetonitrile -water (4 ∶1) used as mobile phase,flow rate 0.5 mL/min,gas flow rate of ELSD 2.25 L/min and the temperature of drift tube at 70 ℃. Results In the extraction of the authentic Rhizoma Alismatis,both alisol A24-acetate and alisol B23-acetate could be estimated;in the extraction of Rhizoma Alismatis from the market,the alisol A24-acetate could be estimated only;and only alisol B23-acetate could be estimated in the extraction of the standard powder of Rhizoma Alismatis. Conclusion The method is efficient,practical and easy to operate for detecting and identifying Rhizoma Alismatis.

Target-oriented drug delivery systems(TODDS) of Chinese materia medicia(CMM) is ascribed as preparations in which active fractions or single ingredient extracted from CMM or natural medicines are directly delivered with the help of different carriers to target organs,target tissues,and target cells or intracellula.Recent advances of research on TODDSs of CMM classified according to carriers,such as liposomes,microspheres,nanocapsules,and emulsions are reviewed.In addition,due to the specific actions of CMM on intestinal diseases,oral colon targeting drug delivery system is considered substantials for TODDSs of CMM.Domestic researches on TODDS of CMM in its initial stage are limited to formulations using single natural active ingredient as raw material.While the fewer TODDSs using CMM active fractions or formula recipes are underway,which relates to the tremendous difficulties in both establishment of quality standard for CMM active fractions and technology for preparation of CMM.Nevertheless one of the important goals for the development on preparation of CMM is TODDS.