OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dissolution in vitro of cefradine capsules from seven pharmaceutical factories for clinical reference in drug choice. METHODS: The dissolution tests were carried out using basket-rotating method. UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of cefradine. The cumulative dissolution was calculated and dual-index model was used to fit the dissolution parameters (a, b, Td, and T80). The differences among groups were statistically evaluated by variance analysis. RESULTS: The dissolution in vitro of cefradine capsules from seven different pharmaceutical factories were all up to the related standards specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005 edition). But significant differences were noted in dissolution parameters a,b,Td and T80(P

To analyze the efficacy and safety of Danhong injection in treatment of angina pectoris.Literatures of randomized controlled trials on efficacy comparison of Danhong injection and its components in the single herb pharmaceutical preparations (Danshen injection,safflower injection and compound Danshen injection) for patients with angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease were extracted from database including Wan Fang,CNKI,VIP,for all medical publications between 2000 and 2010.Meta-analysis was performed.The Meta-analysis included total 1306 patients in the treatment group of Danhong injection and 1280 patients in the control group from 28 clinical trials.The results showed that clinical effect and electrocardiogram efficacy in Danhong injection group were significantly better than those in control group (RR =1.23,95％ CI:1.19-1.27 and RR =1.29,95％ CI:1.22-1.37,respectively).The homogeneity of the total effective rate was good; however,there had a great variation in hemorrheologic and the serum lipids indices.Thirteen literatures reported that there was no obvious adverse reaction found in Danhong injection group; 9 literatures did not report adverse reaction.Danhong injection has a significant therapeutic effect and safety in patients with angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease.

0.05). In the second and third years, average scores were decreased ( P

Objective Through the application of recombinant human Ⅱ tumor necrosis factor-Fc function protein (rhTNFR:Fc) in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with randomized control study,clinical characteristic and clinical effect were summarized.Methods According to the randomized controlled principle,124 patients with JIA were divided into control group and treatment group.The basic treatment in two groups were one antirheumatic slow-acting drug,nonsteroidal drug,adrenal cortical hormone.There were no significant differences between clinical type and basic treatment in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Sixty-two patients of JIA treated with rhTNFR:Fc by subcutaneous injection.The doses was 0.8mg /kg per week.There were 17 cases of oligoarthritis,15 cases of polyarthritis,30 cases of systemic arthritis in the treatment group and control group respectively.The basic antirheumatic drugs,nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs ( NSAIDs),adrenal cortex hormone were allowed to continued.Clinical evaluation index included ACR Pedi 30,ACR Pedi 50 and ACR Pedi 70.The adverse drug reactions were recorded.Results The remission rate of ACR Pedi 30,50,70 in 2 weeks,one month,three monthes and six monthes were different in types of JIA patients in the treatment group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The remission rate of systemic arthritis was lower than the other two groups of arthritis ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Only 44％ ACR Pedi 50 remission was achieved after three monthes medication in systemic arthritis and 41.7％ ACR Pedi 50,29.2％ ACR Pedi 70 were achieved after six monthes.The remission rate in the types of oligoarthritis and polyarthritis at different time points (2 weeks,one month,three monthes,six monthes) of ACR Pedi 30,50,70 were similar.After six monthes,more than 80％ reached ACR Pedi 50 remission,more than half of patients reached ACR Pedi 70 remission.Three cases of macrophage activation syndrome in systemic arthritis group was effective treated with rhTNFR:Fc.In the treatment group,2 cases of systemic arthritis appeared ache and discomfort after one week treatment,3 cases appeared repeated mild upper respiratory tract infection and diarrhea during treatment,including one varicella infection.The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group of systemic arthritis were 16.7％,Other 2 types of patients did not show adverse reaction during rhTNFR:Fc treatment.Conclusion rhTNFR:Fc has good effect on oligoarthritis and polyarthritis of JIA.The adverse reactions of six monthes were rare.The cases of systemic arthritis could reach some clinical remission,but need to guard against infection and the occurrence of adverse reactions.To whom did not respond to conventional therapy in systemic arthritis or systemic arthritis combined with macrophage activation syndrome,it could be considered with rhTNFR:Fc.

Objective To evaluate the clinical prevention and cure efficiency of panax notoginosides(PNS) in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods 60 patients with chronic renal failure were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,with 30 cases in each group by random number table.The patients in the control group underwent regular maintenance hemodialysis(MHD),while the patients in the observa-tion group were given PNS glucose injection on the base of the control group for two months treatment.Comparison was made between the two groups in the aspect of liver filament four items,renal function,blood lipids and the levels of TGF-β1 ,TIMP-1 expression for renal fibrosis.Results After two months treatment,the liver filament four items (t=3.94-5.62,all P<0.05),renal function (t=4.15,4.29,all P<0.05),blood lipids (t=3.83 -5.47,all P<0.05)and the level of TGF-β1,TIMP-1 were all significantly decreased in the observation group,while HA, blood lipids and the level of TGF-β1(t=5.19,P<0.01),TIMP-1(t=4.16,P<0.05)were also decreased in the control group.All the indexes of the observation group were much significant than those of the control group.Total effective rate of the observation group was 83.33%,which was significantly higher than 66.67% of the control group (χ2 =5.16,P<0.05).There was no adverse reaction in the observation group.Conclusion PNS could improve renal fibrosis by lowering the level of TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 ,and could be used as conventional auxiliary drug for patients with chronic renal failure.

Terpenoids constitute a chemically diverse family of naturally occuring compounds with pharmaceutical significance, such as artemisinin and taxin. They are synthesized in many kinds of microorganisms and plants with very low yield. Metabolic engineering, modifying metabolic pathways of terpenoids-synthesized cells by recombinant DNA techniques, has been developed and applied to improve the production of terpenoids, as well as create a novel biosynthesis pathway of terpenoids in terpenoid-free organisms. The biosynthetic pathway of terpenoids was sumed up, and recent progress of metabolic engineering aiming at raising content of terpenoids in microorganisms and plants was described.

Many psychrophilic bacteria were isolated from east-pacific sediment which is 5,300m in depth. The genera of 13 isolations were identified and classified based on the comparison and phylogenetic study of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results indicated that they belong to four genera including Parococcus, Pseudomonas, Halomonas and Pseudoalteromonas.

Objective To investigate the core competency of nurses in the operating rooms from 8 first-class grade A general hospitals in Guangzhou.Method A total of 408 nurses in the operating rooms from 8 first-class grade A general hospitals in Guangzhou were involved in the survey by completing the questionnaire of Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses.Results The total score of core competency was(161.49±3.70).The average score of different items was(2.78±0.44).The first three items scored the highest including legal/ethical practice(2.93±0.61),professional development(2.85±0.61)and leadership(2.80±0.58).The item scored the least was critical thinking(2.66 ±0.64).Conclusions The core competence of nurses in the operating rooms from 8 first-class grade A general hospitals in Guangzhou falls at the intermediate level,their strengths including legal/ethical practice, professional development and leadership.They are poor and weak at critical thinking and scientific research.

Objective To detect NRAS gene mutations in patients with acral melanoma, and to analyze their relationship with the prognosis of acral melanoma. Methods Clinical and pathological data were collected from 55 patients with pathologically diagnosed acral melanoma. DNA was extracted from paraffin?embedded specimens from lesions of the 55 patients and 15 patients with nevus. PCR and direct DNA sequencing were performed to detect NRAS gene mutations. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox′s proportional hazards regression model. Results Of the 55 patients, 6(10.9%)carried the Q61R mutation in codon 61 of the NRAS gene. No mutations were found in exon 1 or 2 of the NRAS gene in any of these paraffin?embedded specimens, and none of the pigmented nevus specimens harbored NRAS gene mutations. Of the 6 patients carrying NRAS gene mutations, 4 had lymph node metastasis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that independent factors of poor prognosis included advanced clinical stage(RR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.062- 6.066, P < 0.05), not receiving surgical resection(RR = 2.98, 95% CI:1.316- 3.525, P < 0.05), and carrying NRAS gene mutations (RR = 2.73, 95% CI: 0.932- 3.257, P < 0.05). Conclusions NRAS gene mutations may be associated with lymph node metastasis in patients with acral melanoma. The prognosis of acral melanoma may be associated with clinical staging, treatment strategies and NRAS gene mutations. Additionally, NRAS gene mutations may serve as a new index for predicting prognosis of acral melanoma.