The Effects of hydrogen peroxide(H2o2) on the ultrastructure, cellular pea-meability barrier and 3H-TdR-DNA leakage of C. albicans were studied. Damage of the cell, especially leakage of cytoplasm were found under transmission electron microscope. Morphological changes and small hole like structures were also found under scanning electron microscope. Radioactivity assay of the leakage of 3H-TdR-DNA leakage of C. albicans further suggested that the 3H-TdR-DNA leakage of C. albicans was directly due to the damage of cellular permeability barrier. Negative correlation (r=+0.8392--0.9915)between the extent of 3H-TdR-DNA leakage and the number of surviving colony-forming units was found. This indicated that the damage of cellular permeability barrier and leakage of DNA of C. albicans caused by H2o2 was one of the most importent causes of cell killing.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advance in research on a variety of data processing methods of optimizing drug preparation process. METHODS: On the basis of data processing methods of single index, this paper compares, analyzes and summarizes a variety of data processing methods in relevant literature. RESULTS: Multiple indicator data processing method, such as analysis of variance-comprehensive weighted of multi-index, multiple regression analysis-response surface methodology, artificial neural network, and multi-dimensional space triangle area, has been widely used in the optimization of drug preparation process in a certain scope. CONCLUSION: Analysis of variance-comprehensive weighted of multi-index, multiple regression analysis-response surface methodology, artificial neural networks, and multidimensional spatial triangular area can reveal the principles among multi-factors of multi-levels, thus can provide reference for optimizing drug preparation technology.

Objective To compile "care operation and integration of nurse-patient communication program"and discuss its clinical application effect in older to improve the nursing care operations, communication and ability to communicate with patients and building a harmonious relationship between nurses and patients to improve quality of care. Methods We investigated and studied the problems existed in communicating with patients during care operations and put forward the concept of operation and integration of communication, compiled "nursing operation and integration of nurse-patient communication procedures" and put it into clinical application. Results Satisfaction degree surveys after application showed that patients' satisfaction degree increased and communication skills of nursing students increased. Conclusions Application of "nursing and the nurse-patient communication integration process" improved patients' satisfaction degree and make the nurse-patient relationship more harmonious.

Objective To investigate the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the healing of skin ulcers using Balb/c mice. Methods Wounds with a diameter 6 mm were created on each side of the backs of BalB/c mice ( n = 150) using a punch bioptome. The mice were assigned randomly into a control group ( wounds healed naturally), a laser group (wounds treated with a He-Ne laser for 10 min daily) and a CAP group (wounds treated with CAP for 10 min daily). Wound healing was evaluated on postoperative days (PODs) 4, 7, 10 and 14 in terms of percent wound closure. Ten mice per group were sacrificed on each of the evaluation days. Both wounds were removed and a histological examination was conducted. A scoring system was used to evaluate the wounds. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) in the wounded tissue was detected by using immunohistochemical methods on POD 7. The results were quantified using an HPIAS-1000 system. Results Compared with the control group, the average percentage of wound healing was significantly greater in the CAP group on PODs 7 and 10. The average scores on the histological examination were significantly higher in the CAP group on PODs 7, 10 and 14. Compared with the other two groups, the expression of VEGF was up-regulated significantly in the CAP group.Conclusions CAP can positively affect the wound healing process. This might be related to the up-regulation of VEGF in the wounded tissues.

Objective To investigate the relationship of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 with the occurrence of chloasma.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 patients with chloasma and 40 healthy human controls,and skin samples were also collected from the lesions of 10 of the patients and normal skin of 10 of the healthy controls.Real time (RT)-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in skin lesions and blood samples.An immunohistochemical test was conducted to observe the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in skin lesions.Statistical analysis was carried out by t test.Results The expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNAs were both significantly higher in skin lesions of the patients than in normal skin of the controls (9.72 ± 2.93 vs.5.10 ± 2.69,t =3.67,P＜ 0.01; 9.52 ± 2.88 vs.4.77 ± 1.90,t =4.36,P＜ 0.01),while no significant difference was found in the mRNA expressions of TLR2 or TLR4 in peripheral blood between the patients and controls (both P ＞ 0.05).As the immunohistochemical test revealed,TLR2 was absent in both the epidermis and vascular endothelial cells in 6 normal control skin samples,weakly expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis but absent in vascular endothelial cells in 4 normal skin samples,and no TLR4 expression was observed in either the epidermis or vascular endothelial cells in these control skin samples.Among the 10 skin samples from chloasma lesions,3 showed TLR2 expression in the whole epidermis,7 in both basal cell layer and prickle cell layer but not in vascular endothelial cells in the superficial dermal layer,all showed strong TLR4 expression in the basal cell layer and weak TLR4 expression in the prickle cell layer,and 3 exhibited TLR4 expression in vascular endothelial cells in the superficial dermal layer.Conclusion TLR-mediated immune responses in local skin might be related to the occurrence of chloasma.

Objective To explore effects of sulfentanyl preconditioning on myocardial injury in scald in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.Methods Eighty SD rats (40 diabetic rats and 40 non-diabetic rats)were divided into eight groups (10 rats per each),including sham group(group NS,non-diabetic rats with sham burn),burned group(group NB,non-diabetic rats with third-degree burns over 30%total body surface area (TBSA)and lactated Ringer??s solution for resuscitation),sulfentanyl group (group NP,non-diabetic rats without given sulfentanyl before burning and lactated Ringer??s solution for resuscitation)and naloxone group(group NN,non-diabetic rats given naloxone before sulfentanyl group),Diabetes sham group(group DS,diabetic rats with sham burn),Diabetic rats burned group (group DB,diabetic rats given third-degree burns,over 30 percent of the total body surface area had been burned and given lactated Ringer??s solution for resuscitation),diabetic sulfentanyl group(group DP,diabetic rats given sulfentanyl before burning and given lactated Ringer??s solution for resuscita-tion)and diabetic naloxone group(group DN,diabetic rats given naloxone,after that treated as the sulfentanyl group).Results Compared to group NB,for the mice in group NP,the activity of plasma SOD increased significantly,TNF-α,cTnI and water content level in myocardium decreased signifi-cantly (P <0.05 );whereas TNF-α,cTnI and water content level in myocardium in group DB in-creased significantly (P <0.05);Compared to group DB,for the mice in group DP,the activity of plasma SOD increased significantly,MDA,TNF-α,cTnI and water content level in myocardium de-creased significantly (P <0.05).Conclusion Diabetes may deteriorate burn-induced myocardial injury in rats.Sulfentanyl pretreatment exhibits significant protective effects on burned-induced myocardial injury in severely burned diabetic rats via inhibiting lipid peroxidation and TNF-αexpression.

Obtaining soil bacterial DNA of good quality is a key step in soil bacterial ecology study.A quick, efficient,sensitive and stably method of DNA extraction from soil were established by combining strongpoints of two kits(Soilmaster kit and DNA IQ~(TM)kit).In addition,the 16S rDNA gene and T-RFLP(Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism)were used in the analysis of soil bacterial community diversity and the result show that T-RFLP is a powerful tool for bacterial community study.

The antifungal mechanism of the TS67(Penicillum sp.) producing bioactive metabolites was investigated in this paper. The test indicated that mycelia growth, spores forming and spores germination of Bipolaris maydis and Fusarium oxysporum can be inhibitied by metabolites, after 50% fermentation broth acting 120 hours, the inhibition rate of hyphal growth can reach about 77.78%, 70.30%, the inhibition rate of spores forming also arrived at 58.8%, 73.5%; under 50% fermentation broth acting 12 hours, the inhibition rate of spores germination were up to 78.3%, 62.0%, the mycelia under activity metabolites conditoins also showed surface nodulation and growing point expanding irregularly, protoplasmic condesing, etc. Based on all these results, we may draw a conclusion that activity metabolites maybe target at fungal cell wall.

Transforming growth factor-?_1 (TGF-?_) mRNA or protein expression in renal cortex of diabetic rats was assessed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR with SYBR Green,immunohistochemistry or Western blot.After melatonin treatment,the expressions of TGF-?_1 mRNA and protein were decreased,suggesting that beneficial effect of melatonin may result from its antioxidative property and inhibiting TGF-?_1 expressions.