Resection margin involvement of pancreaticoduodenectomy is an key prognostic factor for pancreatic head cancer.However,there is a wide variation of reported microscopic margin involvement (R1) rate in the literature,and there is discrepancy between the R1 rate and clinical outcome.Recent studies indicate that the variation and the discrepancy are caused by confusing nomenclature,controversy regarding the difinition of R1,lack of standardization of pathological examination,and inaccurate diagnosis for the pancreatic head mass.This review summarizes the composition and nomenclature of the circumferential resection margin,the difinition of R1,the method of pathological examination,the relationship between R1 rate and prognosis,and the relationship between resection margin involvement and tumor origin.

Caveolae are cholesterol-rich pits on the surface of cell membrane,and participate in various physiological processes.Caveolin-1 is an important membrane protein constituting caveolae.It exerts biological effects through binding a variety of signaling proteins.In the pathophysiological processes of cerebrovascular disease,caveolin-1 participates in maintaining the integrity of blood-brain barrier and stability of atherosclerotic plaques,and has regulating the release of inflammatory mediators and neuroprotection.This article reviews the associated advances in research on the correlation between caveolin-1 and cerebrovascular disease in order to provide a new idea for clinical therapy.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics of pregnancy and delivery in older pregnant women. MethodsRetrospectively analyzed the clinical deta of old group ( age ＞ = 35, n = 636) and non-old group ( age ＜ 35, n = 4 202) in same time, compared the incidence of pregnant complications and delivery complications, situation of perinatal infants between the two groups. ResultsThe incidence rates of gestational diabetes,hypertension disease, placenta previa, cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal macrosomia were higher in old group and neonatal deformity,neonatal asphyxia were not different in two groups. CondusionThe complications during pregnancy and delivery increased in older pregnant women,which had no benifits for mother son.

Based on the brief introduction of the concept of evidence - based medicine and the importance of its education, the paper analyzes the advantages of launching this kind of education in medical library. Contents and modes are described in detail. It proposes va-rious forms of education should be carried out according to different user groups, so as to further promote the development of evidence-based medicine education.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 ; genetics

New oral anticoagulants,including direct thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors.They have overcome several shortcomings of warfarin.The efficacy of preventing stroke and systemic embolism is superior to or not inferior to warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrilhtion,and they can decrease the risk of bleeding (especially intracranial hemorrhage).However,no agent can efficiently reverse its anticoagulant effect now.This article reviews the pharmacological characteristics,clinical efficacy,complications,and its management of the commonly used new oral anticoagulants at present.

Tau is a multifunctional protein that are originally identified as a microtubule-associated protein. Tau is mainly expressed in neurons. There is a protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation imbalance and tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylatied in the brain of patients with AD and in this form it is the major protein subunit of paired helical filaments/neurofibrillary tangles(PHF/NFT). The modulation of the activities of phosphatase(PP)-2A, PP1 and tau kinase, such as GSK-3, cdk5 and MAPK effect tau protein hyperphosphorylation. It is unclear about the relation between tau and A? in AD, increased or altered A? production may be an initiating event in the pathogenic process in AD; but aberrant alternations in tau function are likely necessary for the subsequent neuronal dysfunction and death. Therefore, clearly defining the metabolism and function of tau in both normal and disease states is necessary for our understanding of AD and the development of appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Changes of angiotensin Ⅱ(AⅡ) and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) inhypothalamus and plasma of renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR) were evaluated atdifferent time by radioimmunoassay. After acute focal cerebral ischemia, the infarctionvolume of RHR and control rats and changes of A Ⅱ and ANF in hypothalamus andplasma of both rats were measured. ANF were increased considerably (P

It is essentially indispensable to use multimedia methods in teaching "Clinical Medicine Outline". Such usage can diversify the teaching approaches and play a very important role in improving teaching methods and deepening students’ comprehension of course knowledge. Some problems existing in application of multimedia in the teaching process need to be settled.

Cervical cancer was the most common gynecological malignant tumor, and endanger the lives of women. In recent years, research on antioxidant system confirmed that the antioxidant system of defects was closely related with the risk factors of cervical cancer. The lack of antioxidants that generates excessive reactive oxygen species, damaged the cervix cells. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection was the main pathogenic factor of cervical cancer.Epidemiological studies had shown that including oxidative stress and antioxidant defects may prompt some auxiliary factors of HPV infection were finally for the development of cervical cancer. Because the oxidation has small side effects, safety, etc, so its anti-tumor effect was becoming more and more attention. Recently, on the antioxidant therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer research has made great achievements. This article expounds the antioxidant system defects and relationship between occurrence and development of cervical cancer, also reviewed the antioxidant therapy of cervical cancer research foundation and the latest clinical research.