Acinetobacter baumannii, a glucose-nonfermentative gram-negative coccobacillus, is an important pathogen isolated in nosocomial infections, and the clinical detection rate has been increasing in recent years. Acinetobacter baumannii attracts widespread attention due to strong viability, broad resistance spectrum and high rate of drug resistance. The resistance mechanisms include the production of β-lactamases, alterations in penicillin-binding proteins, decreased outer membrane permeability and overexpression of active efflux pumps. The mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to β-lactarn antibiotics, especially those of the outer membrane porin and active efflux system are reviewed in this paper.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),and to explore the predictors of DKA by analyzing these factors in order to achieve early recognition.Methods In this retrospective study,200 children with newly-onset T1DM from January 2009 to December 2012 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were chosen.These patients were divided into DKA group and non-DKA group.Clinical data including age,gender,health insurance,body shape,infection history,family history of diabetes,type of residence,income,duration of history,C peptide,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood lipids,thyroid tests,diabetes antibodies etc were collected.Results Among 200 cases of newly diagnosed T1DM,107 children had DKA,93 children had non-DKA,and the incidence of DKA was 53.5％.In the group of DKA,39 cases (36.5％) were male,68 cases were female,while in the group of non-DKA 45 cases (48.4％) were male,48 cases were female.In the group of DKA,children ranged in age from 16 months to 13 years old,and the average age was (6.53 ±3.55) years old.In the non-DKA group,children ranged in age from 1 to 14 years old,and the average age was (7.05 ± 3.55)years old.In the group of DKA,43 cases (40.2％) didn't have health insurance,while in the non-DKA group,28 cases (30.1％) didn't have medical insurance.In the DKA group,30 cases (28％) had a family history of diabetes,while in the non-DKA group,27 cases (29％) had a family history of diabetes.In the group of DKA,the duration was (30.24 ± 76.50)days,while in the group of non-DKA,the duration was (33.38 ± 49.30) days.The glycosylated hemoglobin in the DKA group was (12.38 ± 2.66)％,in the non-DKA group was (12.48 ± 2.24) ％.There were no significantly differences of the above factors between the 2 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).In the group of DKA,35 cases(32.7％) were thin,66 cases(61.7％) were of normal size,and 6 cases(5.6％) were fat.In the group of non-DKA,9 cases(9.3％) were thin,76 cases (78.6％) were of normal size,and 8 cases(12.1％) were fat.In the group of DKA,33 cases (30.8％) had infection history,77 cases (72％) lived in rural areas,and the average of C peptide was (0.25 ± 0.22) μg/L.In the group of non-DKA,17 cases (18.3％) had infection history,52 cases(55.9％) in rural areas,and the average of C peptide was (0.36 ± 0.21) μg/L.There were significant differences of the above factors between the 2 groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Children with newly diagnosed T1DM who is thin,rural resident,and has lower C peptide level is more susceptible to DKA.More attention should be paid to the children with newly diagnosed T1DM who have above characteristics.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Celastrus orbiculatus extracts (COE) on xenograft tumor growth of HepA1-6 hepatoma in mice, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods: HepA1-6 hepatoma model was established in mice, and then these mice were randomly divided into blank control group, solvent control group (1% DMSO), negative control group (0.9% NaCl solution), positive control group (cisplatin), and low-, medium- and high-dose COE groups (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively). The body weight, tumor growth inhibitory rate, liver index, spleen index and thymus gland index were calculated, and the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as well as microvessel density (MVD) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis rate was determined by TUNEL assay. Results: COE could significantly inhibit the tumor growth, increase the apoptosis rate, and down-regulate the expression levels of VEGF, bFGF and MVD of HepA1-6 hepatoma in the liver of mice, as compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant differences in liver index, spleen index, thymus gland index and body weight between COE-treated groups and the negative control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: COE can inhibit the xenograft tumor growth of HepA1-6 hepatoma in mice. This effect may be associated with the enhancement of apoptosis and the inhibition of angiogenesis in tumors. Copyright© 2011 by TUMOR.

Objective: To investigate the effects of oxymatrine(OM) on the apoptosis of human hepatoma HepG2 cells and its possible mechanisms. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of OM. The proliferation inhibition was measured by MTT assay and the apoptosis of HepG2 cells were examined by Hochest staining method. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate. The expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bax proteins was assayed by Western blotting assay. Results: OM inhibited HepG2 cells growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After treatment with OM for 24 hours, some cells appeared typical apoptotic characteristics and the apoptosis rate was increased. Treatment with OM also increased caspase-3 activity and Bax expression in HepG2 cells, and decreased the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Conclusion: OM can induce HepG2 cell apoptosis, which may be related to the down-regulation of PI3K/Akt signal pathway, suppression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL activity, and activation of caspase-3.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism

BACKGROUND:Mechanical factors play an important role in wound healing and scar formation. Finite element model is established to stimulate, analyze and optimize different sutures, which has become a hotspot to guide surgies accurately. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the stress distribution of different simple interrupted suturing directions on the skin wound by establishing the skin finite element model, and to provide basic data for the study of scar formation. METHODS:Porcine back skin uniaxial tensile test was performed to provide reference for the mechanical properties of human skin. Orthotropic skin wound model was established using ABAQUS to calculate the stress distribution on the wound in different suturing directions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The anisotropic mechanical properties of skin wound influenced the suture stress significantly. The elastic modulus along the Langer’s line was larger than that in the vertical direction. The stress increased orderly in the Langer’s line direction, the Langer’s line deflected 30°, bias Langer’s line 45° and vertical Langer’s line. These results suggest that the clinical incision should be made along the Langer’s line direction. Additional y, the cut at an angle with Langer’s line can also reduce the stress of suture.

Carcinoma, Small Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Mastocytosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; biosynthesis ; Seminoma ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To study the effects of Celastrus orbiculatus extracts (COE) on the expression of VEGF and CECs of Hepal-6 tumor bearing mice.Methods Animal Models of Hepal-6 portability liver tumor bearing mice were established and randomly assigned to six groups (eight mice per group) as follows:untreated control group,solvent vehicle control (DMSO) group,physiological saline control group,cisplatin-treated group,and different dosages COE-treated groups (40 mg/kg,20 mg/kg,10 mg/kg).To approach the effects of COE on the expression of VEGF and CECs in Hepal-6 toumor bearing mice.Results The ELISA and flow cytometer showed that COE could significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF(45.24±21.36) pg/ml and CECs (0.83 ± 0.10) ％ compared with the physiological saline control group (P＜ 0.01 ) with the dose of 20mg/kg.Conclusion COE could significantly down-regulate the expression of VEGF and CECs.It may be related with the effect of COE in inhibiting angiogenesis of tumor.

Cell Differentiation ; Cytodiagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Stromal Cells ; pathology

Objective To compare three ultrasonic methods of transabdominal , transvaginal , and transperineal ultrasonogra-phy for the cervical length ( CL) in predicting the preterm birth .Methods The pregnancy women with threatened preterm labor in Hunan Provincial Hospital of Maternal and Child Health from January , 2012 to December, 2013 were chosen to measure the cervical length by sonography , and were randomly divided into three guoups ( 280 pregnancy women in each group ) , including Group Ⅰ( transabdominal ) , groupⅡ( transvaginal ) , and group Ⅲ ( transperineal ) .The cervical length and the pregnancy outcome were fol-lowed up.Results The acceptance rate of group Ⅱ(81.8%=229/280) was significantly lower than that of groupⅠ(100%=280/280)and group Ⅲ(99.3%=278/280)( P <0.05).The realization ratio of the cervix in group Ⅰ(85.0%=238/280) was signifi-cantly lower than that of group Ⅱ(98.7%=226/229) and group Ⅲ (98.2%=273/278) ( P <0.05).The preterm birth rate of 48.6%(18/37) in groupⅠ, 37.8%(28/74) in groupⅡ, and 37.1%(33/89) in groupⅢin the pregnancy women with CL <3 cm was significantly higher than the corresponding preterm birth rate of 17.9%(36/201) in groupⅠ, 13.2%(20/152)in groupⅡ, and 13.6% (25/184) in groupⅢin the pregnancy women with CL≥3 cm.The sensitivity of groupⅠ(33.3%=18/54) was significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ(58.3%=28/48) and group Ⅲ(56.9%=33/58).Conclusions The cervical length measured by ultra-sound is valuable in predicting preterm birth among the pregnancy women with threatened preterm birth .The transperineal ultrasonogra-phy is superior to transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography in predicting preterm birth , and is worth being popularized .