Objective To explore the expression of HIF-2? and VEGF in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their correlation with angiogenesis and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. Methods Expression of HIF-2? and VEGF were assessed by immunohistochemical straining in 48 cases of renal cell carcinomas. Results In 48 cases of renal cell carcinomas, positive rate of HIF-2? was 70.8%. Strong expression of HIF-2? was observed in 12 cases, moderate in 10 cases, weak in 12 cases and no expression in 14cases.There was a significant difference in HIF-2? expression between carcinoma tissues and control tissues (P

Objective To evaluate the hinged external flxator in combination with internal fixation for treatment of old type B fractures of the distal humerus.Methods Eleven cases of old type B fractures of distal humerus treated in our department were studied retrospectively.They were treated with hinged external fixators in combination with internal fixation and evaluated according to Mayo elbow performance scores.Results All the patients were followed up for 10 to 18(mean, 12.5)months.The mean union time was 4.6(range, 3.5 to 6.0)months.The final range of flexion to extension of the elbow was 19.4°±6.5° to 124.2°±11.3°.The final ranges of pronation and supination were 72.8°±5.4° and 67.6°± 7.3°.By Mayo elbow performance scores, the post-operative functional outcome of the elbow was excellent in 5 patients, good in 4, and fair in 2.Conclusion The old type B fractures of distal humerus can be effectively treated with hinged external fixators in combination with internal fixation, for early rehabilitation and restoration of the elbow function can be facilitated.

Objective To investigate the effects of active vitamin D (VD) on the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in renal tissue of diabetic nephropathies (DN) rats and to explore the impact of TREM-1 on adhesion and migration capacity of macrophage.Methods DN rat models were established by streptozotocin.Rats were randomly distributed into four groups:control (NC) group,VD group,DN group and DN+VD group (DN rats with 0.1 μg · kg-1 · d-1 calcitriol by garages).Rats were sacrificed respectively at 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment.Pathological changes in kidney tissue were detected and the expressions of CD68 and TREM-1 were acquired by immunohistochemistry stain and Western blotting.In vitro,RAW264.7 cells were divided into NC group,VD group,high glucose (HG) group and HG+VD group.In HG+VD group rats were treated by high glucose with 10-8 mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3.TREM-1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry stain and Western blotting,and the ability of macrophage in migration and adhesion was evaluated by Transwell migration assay and adhesion assay.TREM-1 siRNA was transferred to silence TREM-1 expression,while plasmid of TREM-1 was transferred for high expression.Their ability of adhesion and migration in macrophage and the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 were examined.Results (1) Compared with the NC group,the expressions of CD68 and TREM-1 were increased in DN group (P ＜ 0.05),whereas markedly decreased in DN+VD group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The number of adhesion and migration cells,and the expression of TREM-1 protein in macrophage were obviously increased in HG group as compared with those in NC group (all P ＜ 0.05);whereas above changes were markedly decreased in HG+VD group than those in HG group (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The number of adhesion and migrated macrophage was reduced after TREM-1 siRNA intervention (all P ＜ 0.05).VD could significantly decrease the effect of high glucose on adhesion and migrated macrophages after TREM-1 siRNA (all P ＜ 0.05).(4) Adhesion and migration of macrophage were increased via TREM-1 overexpression (all P ＜ 0.05),but the effects of VD on high glucose-induced adhesion and migration of macrophage were disappeared.Conclusions VD can suppress the adhesion and migration of macrophage via reducing the expression of TREM-1,and inhibit infiltration of macrophage in renal tissue of DN rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on high glucose induced podocyte injury and its signal transduction mechanism.Methods Differentiated mouse podocytes were exposed to normal glucose,high glucose,and different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 or LY294002 (a selective PI3K inhibitor) for 24 h.PCR and immunofluorescent staining were used to detect nephrin,podocin,and desmin.Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of nephrin,podocin,desmin,PI3K,Akt and p-Akt.Results Compared with high glucose group,1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nmol/L and 1000 nmol/L) significantly up-regulated the expression of podocin and nephrin in podocytes induced by high glucose (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nmol/L) significantly reduced the expression of desmin (P ＜ 0.05).PI3K and p-Akt were obviously reduced in high glucose group.In the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3,the trends were reversed.However the above effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were abolished when p-Akt was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.Conclusions 1,25 (OH)2D3 can inhibit high glucose-induced pedocyte injury through PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the association of osteoporosis with blood pressure variability in elderly patients with hypertension complicated by osteoporosis, as well as its mechanisms. Methods A total of 189 elderly patients with hypertension were selected. According to the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis, the patients were divided into three groups. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and IL-6 were detected in all the patients, and then compared among different groups. Results For the three group, there were statistical differences in levels of IL-6 and blood pressure variability (P < 0.05). Blood pressure variability was negatively correlated with BMD (P < 0.05). 3. IL-6 was positively related with blood pressure variability (P < 0.05), but had a negative correlation with BMD (P < 0.01). IL-6 had significant statistical differences among different sexes (P < 0.01). Conclusions Osteoporosis is closely associated with blood pressure variability in the elderly patients. IL-6 and blood pressure variability may play a synergistic role in the process of osteoporosis; and IL-6 may be a risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis in women.

Objective To analyze MRI features of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) in comparison with pathological findings. Methods The clinical manifestation, pathological features and the MRI appearances of 7 patients with pathologically proved pPNET were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 7 patients, 2 patients located in intracalvarium, 2 in lower extremities, 1 in vertebral canal and extended outside of vertebral canal, 1 in cavitas pelvis and involved sacrum, and the rest 1 in the retroperitoneal space. The lesions in soft tissue manifested as iso-intensity on T1WI, slight hyper-intensity on T2WI with cystic degeneration and hemorrhage. Pseudo-capsule was seen in 1 patient. The solid parts of pPNET enhanced markedly after the contrast agent was injected. The adjacent bones were usually involved. pPNET in bone presented as osteolytic destruction of bone with large soft tissue mass. Immunohistochemical examination showed CD99 expression in all 7 patients, synaptophysin (Syn) expression in 4, Chromogranin (CgA) expression in 3, neuron specific enolase (NSE) expression in 2, vimentin (Vim) expression in 2 and EMA in 1 patient. Conclusion MRI has important reference value in diagnosis of pPNET, but final diagnosis still depends on the pathological and immunohistochemical examination.

Objective To explore the role of compound nerve conduit, made of nerve growth factors (NGF) encapsuled by biodegradable core-shell nanofibers through coaxial electrospinning, in regeneration of injured sciatic nerves in rats. Methods The compound nerve conduits were developed from the core-shell structured biodegradable nanofibers with P(LLA-CL) as a shell and BSA/NGF or BSA as a core through coaxial electrospinning. Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 even groups. The middle segments (10 mm) of the sciatic nerve were excised and the defects were repaired with sciatic nerve autograft (group A), with P(LLA-CL) conduit (group B), with PLLA-CL conduit and one injection of NGF (group C), and with P(LLA-CL)/NGF controlled-release conduit (group D), respectively. Morphologic and functional evaluations of nerve regeneration were done by gross observation, sciatic function index, neural electrophysiological examination, resumption rates of triceps weight, histological and ultrastructural observa-tion respectively in 1, 2, 3 months after the operation. Results Three months after the operation, although partial biodegradation and small cracks could be observed, conduits remained intact in outline. Based on the functional and histological observations, nerve regeneration, nerve fibers arrangement, myelination and nerve function reconstruction in the P(LLA-CL)/NGF controlled-release conduit (group D) were similar to those in nerve autograft (group A) and significantly superior to those in groups B and C (P<0.05). Conclusion As the P(LLA-CL)/NGF-controlled release conduit has favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, it can effectively promote regeneration of the sciatic nerve in rats.

Objective To explore the labeling method of rat adipose-derived stromal cells,and observe the stem cell characteristics and the activities of EGFP-positive adipose-derived stromal cells (EGFP-ADSCs) in vitro and in vivo.Methods ADSCs were transfected for 12 h with enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP) carried by lentivirus(Lv-EGFP) vector at different value of MOI (0,5,10,25,50,100,respectively).The rate of EGFP expression and fluorescence intensity were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and fluorescence microscopy,and cell viability was detected by MTT-test after transfection.Secondly,cells were exposed either to adipogenic medium or osteogenic medium,then stained with Oil Red O and Alizarin Red S.Cell growth was investigated on frozen longitudinal sections when EGFP-ADSCs were injected into acellular nerves to build tissue-engineered peripheral nerves repairing sciatic nerve defects in rats for 1 week in vivo.Results EGFP-positive rate and fluorescence intensity peak at 4 days after transfection.The rate of EGFP expression was 0.13％,31.09％,75.33％,92.66％,96.70％,98.38％ for MOI =0,1,5,25,50,100,respectively.The positive rate between the experimental group and control (MOI =0) existed significantly difference (P ＜ 0.05) ; the difference between MOI =1,5 groups and MOI =25,50,100 groups were also observed (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in EGFP-positive rate and cell proliferation activity among MOI =25,50,100 groups (P ＞ 0.05).MOI =25 was chosen as best scheme to transfect ADSCs for subsequent experiments.Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation for 20 days,orange calcium deposits,orange-red lipid droplets were seen in EGFP-ADSCs after Alizarin red and oil red O staining.At 1 week in vivo,EGFP-ADSCs evenly distributed and became fusiform on frozen longitudinal sections.Conclusion Lv-EGFP transfection does not affect the ADSCs activity and their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation,so could be as a tracing method for ADSCs-tissue-engineered peripheral nerves repairing nerve defects.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in piriformis syndrome . Methods Ultrasonography was performed in thirty‐eight patients with unilateral piriformis syndrome and forty healthy volunteers . The morphological structures and the internal echoes of their bilateral piriformises and sciatic nerves were observed and their thicknesses were measured . These parameters of the patients and voluteers were recorded and compared . Results The ultrasonographic images of piriformis and sciatic nerve of the healthy voluteers showed no abnormal change . The thickness difference of their bilateral piriformises and sciatic nerves had no statistical significance ( P > 0 .05 ) . The ultrasonography image of the morphological structure and the internal echo of the sick side piriformis and sciatic nerve of the patients with piriformis syndrome showed a change ,that the sick side piriformis was significantly thicker than the healthy side piriformis [(25 .74 ± 3 .12) mm vs (22 .48 ± 2 .60) mm , P < 0 .05] . The area under the operator characteristic curve ( AUC ) for the thickness difference of bilateral piriformises in diagnosing piriformis syndrome was 0 .896 ,with the optimal cut‐off value of 2 .15 mm . However ,the thickness difference of their bilateral sciatic nerves had no statistical significance ( P >0 .05) . Conclusions Ultrasonography can show piriformis and sciatic nerve clearly . The ultrasonographic images and the thickness difference of the bilateral piriformises is helpful to diagnose piriformis syndrome ,and can provide more informations for clinic .

Objective:Metabolic syndrome (MS) patients and determine factors related to platelet hyperactivation.Methods:A total of 999 participants (822 males and 177 females) were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups according to the metabolic index: MS group (501) and normal control (NC) group (498). Platelet function was tested with PFA100 (Siemens USA, Deerfield, Illinois) which measures the time it takes for blood to occlude an aperture (closure time, CT) following stimulation with collagen and adenosine diphosphate. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical software package, version 22.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).Results:MS group had significantly shorter CT values compared with NC group (106.6±27.8s) vs (113.7±27.9s). Higher BMI, WC, BP, TC, TG, LDL-C, UA, and PRL were correlated with shorter CT values (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Our results indicated platelet hyperactivation exists in MS which was related to obesity and elevated blood pressure, blood lipids, uric acid, and PLR.