Aspirin is one of the major drugs used for preventing atherothrombotic vascular diseases,but not effective to all patients or so-called aspirin resistance.However,the mechanisms of this resistance still remains to be elucidated.The recent progresses is reviewed in the therapeatic effect of aspirin and mechanisms of the drug resistance.

Aim To study the effects of aspirin on increasing the atherosclerotic plaque stability and its possible mechanisms.Methods The hyperlipidemic atherosclerotic model was generated in male New Zealand rabbits given high fat diet and endothelial abrasion of abdominal aorta.These rabbits were then treated with aspirin 5～20 mg?kg-1 for 4 weeks.At experimental end,the plaques were evoked into rupture by injection of Russell's viper venom and histamine.Areas of thrombosis on atherosclerotic aorta were determined by image analysis,morphologic character of plaque rupture was examined by light microscope,the protein expression of macrophages was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the mRNA expression of COX-2 and MMP-2 was determined by hybridization in situ,respectively.Results Aspirin at doses of 5～10 mg?kg-1 was able to inhibit thrombosis on atherosclerotic plaque(P

Objective To explore the features of peripheral blood immune cells in long-term survival recipients after liver transplantation.Methods The expression of T subsets (Th1,Th2,Th17,Th22,Tregs),NK cells,NKt cells,Bregs,MDSC in long-term survival recipients (postoperative follow-up time ≥5 years,30 cases),short-term survival recipients(postoperative follow-up time ≤1 year,15 cases) and healthy control (15 cases) were determined by flowcytometry.Results Th17 cells were significantly higher in the long-term group compared with short-term group and healthy control group(P ＜0.01).Tregs in long-term group compared with short-term group were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01),but the difference was not statistically significant compared with healthy control group (P ＞ 0.05).NK cells were significantly higher in long-term group compared with short-term group and healthy control group (P ＜ 0.01).MDSC were significantly higher in long-term group compared with short-term group and healthy control group (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Th17,Tregs,NK cells and MDSC were significantly higher in long-term survival of liver recipients,which may be related to immune tolerance.

Background: Scalp combing,as an ancient method of health care,has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine.Although this method is considered to be beneficial for the blood circu-lation of the head,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods: Both human participants and mice were used in this study.In participants,the scalp was stimulated by combing continuously for 5 min,and the temperature was measured using infrared thermal imaging before and after stimulation.In mice,the temperature was determined before and at 5,15,and 30 min after a 5-min scalp mechanical stimulation(SMS).Additionally,the vasculature of the mice was labeled with retro-orbital fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran injection,and the capillaries were observed directly under a confocal microscope.Using in vivo CLARITY imaging and the spectrofluoro-metric detection of Evans Blue dye extravasation,the blood—brain barrier permeability was assessed.Results: SMS increased the temperature of the left ear significantly in human(P =.0247)while can slightly increase the temperature of the right ear and the face without significant difference(P >.05).Moreover,SMS can significantly slow the decrease in the temperature of the external auditory canal at 5 min(P =.0153)and in body temperature at 15 min(P =.0295)after SMS whereas no significant difference in body temperature at 30 min(P>.05)compared with control mice.Furthermore,capillaries of the ear with a diameter of less than 8μm were significantly dilated(P=.0006)following SMS and the number of dextran dots was higher at 15 min(P >.05)and 30 min(F = 10.98,P =.037)after SMS intervention compared with control mice.Conclusion: Our study provides strong evidence to support the notion that scalp combing can improve extra-and intracranial blood circulation under healthy conditions.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of a simplified protocol combining with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) liver transplant patients. Methods Twelve ABO-I liver transplant patient who received the therapy of a simplified protocol combining with MSC in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2014 and September 2015 were recruited in this prospective study. Ten cases were male and 2 were female, with a mean age of (39±13) years old. The informed consents of all patients or their families were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. A immunologic tolerance induction protocol, plasma exchange + rituximab + intravenous immunoglobin + MSC (simplified protocol combining with MSC and without splenectomy and graft local infusion), was used to prevent the antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after liver transplantation (LT). The perioperative condition and postoperative outcome of the patients were observed. Results Three death cases were observed after LT including 2 cases died of multiple organ failure and 1 of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The other cases survived. Two cases developed acute cellular rejection and no AMR case was observed. Biliary complication was observed in 3 cases, hepatic artery stenosis in 1 case and infection in 6 cases. Conclusion The simplified protocol combining with MSC is safe and effective in preventing the AMR after ABO-I LT.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of camrelizumab salvage therapy for extrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with PD-L1 negativity in transplanted liver tissue.Methods:From May 2020 to December 2020, retrospective analysis was performed for 3 cases of camrelizumab salvage therapy for extrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma recipients with PD-L1 negative in transplanted liver tissue.Three recipients with extrahepatic recurrence progressed after first/second-line targeted drug therapy.Camrelizumab was given as salvage therapy after normal tissue of ransplanted liver was confirmed as negative for PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry.The safety and efficacy of treatment were observed by monitoring the changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin, the occurrence of complications and the outcome of treatment before and after dosing.Results:During a follow-up period of 1.5 to 15.5 months, no recipients showed acute rejection symptoms such as sharp elevations of transaminase and bilirubin.Headache ( n=1), vomiting ( n=1) and fatigue & hypertension ( n=1) became relieved after treatment.As of February 28, 2022, there were one survivor and two deaths.The fatal causes were tumor progression ( n=1) and thoracic aortic rupture due to esophageal perforation ( n=1). The survival time of recipients was (11-15.5) months and the progression-free survival time (4-6) months. Conclusions:For extrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with PD-L1-negative liver transplantation in normal liver tissue, camrelizumab salvage therapy can control tumor progression to a certain extent and prolong the survival time of recipients.